diff --git a/piptools/build.py b/piptools/build.py
index a98a4e3b..fd469274 100644
--- a/piptools/build.py
+++ b/piptools/build.py
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ def build_project_metadata(
 
     if attempt_static_parse:
         if build_targets:
-            raise AssertionError(
+            raise ValueError(
                 "Cannot execute the PEP 517 optional get_requires_for_build* "
                 "hooks statically"
             )
diff --git a/tests/test_build.py b/tests/test_build.py
index 8fdce242..51ec7590 100644
--- a/tests/test_build.py
+++ b/tests/test_build.py
@@ -58,3 +58,19 @@ def test_build_project_metadata_static(tmp_path):
         ("fake_direct_runtime_dep", set(), "None"),
     ]
     assert metadata.extras == ("x",)
+
+
+def test_build_project_metadata_raises_error(tmp_path):
+    src_pkg_path = pathlib.Path(PACKAGES_PATH) / "small_fake_with_build_deps"
+    shutil.copytree(src_pkg_path, tmp_path, dirs_exist_ok=True)
+    src_file = tmp_path / "setup.py"
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, match="Cannot execute the PEP 517 optional.* hooks statically"
+    ):
+        build_project_metadata(
+            src_file,
+            ("editable",),
+            attempt_static_parse=True,
+            isolated=True,
+            quiet=False,
+        )