From ee04fdd23dfef90f0b852a6e90df23c7f5edc08e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: HarpyWar Date: Mon, 26 May 2014 16:17:51 +0400 Subject: [PATCH] Lua scripts pack. It is a part of PvPGN now. First large implementation in Lua is Trivia Quiz Game (/quiz command) http://i.imgur.com/8QV3blt.png --- CMakeLists.txt | 6 +- conf/bnhelp.conf.in | 50 +- lua/CMakeLists.txt | 19 +- lua/command/redirect.lua | 32 + lua/command/w3motd.lua | 29 + lua/config.lua | 23 + lua/extend/account.lua | 26 + lua/extend/account_wrap.lua | 516 ++++ lua/extend/channel.lua | 43 + lua/extend/enum/attr.lua | 13 + lua/extend/enum/eventlog.lua | 17 + lua/extend/enum/game.lua | 133 + lua/extend/enum/message.lua | 46 + lua/extend/enum/messagebox.lua | 51 + lua/extend/game.lua | 17 + lua/extend/message.lua | 15 + lua/handle_channel.lua | 22 + lua/handle_command.lua | 83 + lua/handle_game.lua | 63 + lua/handle_server.lua | 17 + lua/handle_user.lua | 20 + lua/include/bitwise.lua | 33 + lua/include/common.lua | 19 + lua/include/file.lua | 76 + lua/include/string.lua | 59 + lua/include/table.lua | 160 + lua/include/timer.lua | 65 + lua/main.lua | 13 + lua/quiz/command.lua | 128 + lua/quiz/helper.lua | 54 + lua/quiz/questions/dota.txt | 155 + lua/quiz/questions/misc.txt | 5150 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ lua/quiz/questions/warcraft.txt | 42 + lua/quiz/quiz.lua | 274 ++ lua/quiz/records.lua | 87 + lua/quiz/records.txt | 0 36 files changed, 7534 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-) create mode 100644 lua/command/redirect.lua create mode 100644 lua/command/w3motd.lua create mode 100644 lua/config.lua create mode 100644 lua/extend/account.lua create mode 100644 lua/extend/account_wrap.lua create mode 100644 lua/extend/channel.lua create mode 100644 lua/extend/enum/attr.lua create mode 100644 lua/extend/enum/eventlog.lua create mode 100644 lua/extend/enum/game.lua create mode 100644 lua/extend/enum/message.lua create mode 100644 lua/extend/enum/messagebox.lua create mode 100644 lua/extend/game.lua create mode 100644 lua/extend/message.lua create mode 100644 lua/handle_channel.lua create mode 100644 lua/handle_command.lua create mode 100644 lua/handle_game.lua create mode 100644 lua/handle_server.lua create mode 100644 lua/handle_user.lua create mode 100644 lua/include/bitwise.lua create mode 100644 lua/include/common.lua create mode 100644 lua/include/file.lua create mode 100644 lua/include/string.lua create mode 100644 lua/include/table.lua create mode 100644 lua/include/timer.lua create mode 100644 lua/main.lua create mode 100644 lua/quiz/command.lua create mode 100644 lua/quiz/helper.lua create mode 100644 lua/quiz/questions/dota.txt create mode 100644 lua/quiz/questions/misc.txt create mode 100644 lua/quiz/questions/warcraft.txt create mode 100644 lua/quiz/quiz.lua create mode 100644 lua/quiz/records.lua create mode 100644 lua/quiz/records.txt diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt index a970e4a0f..ed0a3732a 100644 --- a/CMakeLists.txt +++ b/CMakeLists.txt @@ -30,5 +30,9 @@ option(WITH_PGSQL "include PostgreSQL user accounts support" OFF) option(WITH_ODBC "include ODBC user accounts support" OFF) include(ConfigureChecks.cmake) -subdirs(src conf man files lua) +subdirs(src conf man files) +if(WITH_LUA) + add_subdirectory(lua) +endif(WITH_LUA) + ENABLE_TESTING() diff --git a/conf/bnhelp.conf.in b/conf/bnhelp.conf.in index 3ca1dc3f1..2fee341b2 100644 --- a/conf/bnhelp.conf.in +++ b/conf/bnhelp.conf.in @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ -------------------------------------------------------- /games all Displays a list of all games. - /games [l]obby + /games l[obby] Displays a list of games in lobby. %channels chs @@ -383,11 +383,11 @@ -------------------------------------------------------- /mail [options] -------------------------------------------------------- - /mail [s]end + /mail s[end] Sends mail to with . - /mail [r]ead [index] + /mail r[ead] [index] Reads mail [index] - /mail [del]ete {all|} + /mail del[ete] {all|} Deletes mail or [all] mail. %flag @@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ -------------------------------------------------------- /ipban [option] [time] -------------------------------------------------------- - /ipban [l[ist]] + /ipban l[ist] Displays a list of banned IP addresses /ipban c[heck] Checks if IP address is banned or not. @@ -460,25 +460,25 @@ Create a new clan (max length = 4; spaces are allowed in ) Commands for clan members: - /clan [m]sg (alias [w]hisper) + /clan m[sg] (alias [w]hisper) Whispers a message to all your fellow clan members - /clan [inv]ite + /clan inv[ite] Invite to your clan. - /clan [inv]ite get + /clan inv[ite] get Show clanname which you have been invited - /clan [inv]ite accept + /clan inv[ite] accept Accept invitation to clan - /clan [inv]ite decline + /clan inv[ite] decline Decline invitation to clan Commands for clan chieftain: /clan motd Update the clan's Message of the Day to . - /clan [pub]lic (alias: pub) + /clan pub[lic] (alias: pub) Opens the clan channel up to the public so that anyone may enter. - /clan [priv]ate (alias: priv) + /clan priv[ate] (alias: priv) Closes the clan channel such that only members of the clan may enter. - /clan [dis]band + /clan dis[band] Disband your clan. %ping p latency @@ -589,13 +589,27 @@ Commands for clan chieftain: Use /icon without [name] to display list of available icons in your stash. -------------------------------------------------------- Syntax for operator/admin: - /icon [a]dd + /icon a[dd] Add icon into user stash - /icon [d]el + /icon d[el] Remove icon from user stash - /icon [s]et + /icon s[et] Set custom icon to user without adding it in user stash - /icon [l]ist + /icon l[ist] Display icons in user's stash - /icon [l]ist + /icon l[ist] Display availaible icons in server stash that can be assigned to users + +%quiz +-------------------------------------------------------- +/quiz [option] + Trivia Quiz Game +-------------------------------------------------------- + /quiz start + Start game with given dictionary name in current channel + /quiz stop + Finish game by force + /quiz stats [username] + Display record statistics for user + /quiz stats + Display Top records diff --git a/lua/CMakeLists.txt b/lua/CMakeLists.txt index 6466e70b5..1836e1a89 100644 --- a/lua/CMakeLists.txt +++ b/lua/CMakeLists.txt @@ -1,4 +1,17 @@ -# TODO: add lua files here +# copy all files from lua directory + +file(GLOB DEPLOY_FILES_AND_DIRS "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lua/*") + +foreach(ITEM ${DEPLOY_FILES_AND_DIRS}) + IF( IS_DIRECTORY "${ITEM}" ) + LIST( APPEND DIRS_TO_DEPLOY "${ITEM}" ) + ELSE() + IF(NOT ${ITEM} MATCHES "CMakeLists.txt") + LIST( APPEND FILES_TO_DEPLOY "${ITEM}" ) + ENDIF(NOT ${ITEM} MATCHES "CMakeLists.txt") + ENDIF() +endforeach() + +INSTALL( FILES ${FILES_TO_DEPLOY} DESTINATION ${LOCALSTATEDIR}/lua ) +INSTALL( DIRECTORY ${DIRS_TO_DEPLOY} DESTINATION ${LOCALSTATEDIR}/lua ) -install(FILES - DESTINATION ${LOCALSTATEDIR}/lua) diff --git a/lua/command/redirect.lua b/lua/command/redirect.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..428ad4d50 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/command/redirect.lua @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Send text to user from server. Works like /announce, +-- but directly to user and message text is not red. +-- /redirect +function command_redirect(account, text) + + local args = split_command(text, 2) + + if not args[1] or not args[2] then + api.describe_command(account.name, args[0]) + return 1 + end + + -- get destination account + local dest = api.account_get_by_name(args[1]) + + if next(dest) == nil or dest.online == "false" then + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_error, account.name, "User '" ..args[1].. "' is offline") + return 1 + end + + api.message_send_text(dest.name, message_type_info, dest.name, args[2]) + + return 1 +end diff --git a/lua/command/w3motd.lua b/lua/command/w3motd.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c47373a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/command/w3motd.lua @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- +-- Read file w3motd.txt line by line and send text to user +-- + +local username = nil + +function command_w3motd(account, text) + -- allow warcraft 3 client only + if not (account.clienttag == "W3XP" or account.clienttag == "WAR3") then + return 0 + end + + username = account.name + local data = file_load(config.motdw3file, w3motd_sendline_callback) + + return 1 +end + +function w3motd_sendline_callback(line) + api.message_send_text(username, message_type_info, nil, line) +end diff --git a/lua/config.lua b/lua/config.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c74266d11 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/config.lua @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Config table can be extended here with your own variables +-- values are preloaded from bnetd.conf +config = { + -- Quiz settings + quiz = true, + quiz_filelist = "misc, dota, warcraft", -- display available files in "/quiz start" + quiz_competitive_mode = true, -- top players loses half of points which last player received; at the end top of records loses half of points which players received in current game + quiz_max_questions = 100, -- from start to end + quiz_question_delay = 5, -- delay before send next question + quiz_hint_delay = 20, -- delay between prompts + quiz_users_in_top = 15, -- how many users display in TOP list + quiz_channel = nil, -- (do not modify!) channel when quiz has started (it assigned with start) + +} + diff --git a/lua/extend/account.lua b/lua/extend/account.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f04e6a673 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/extend/account.lua @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Get count of all online users +function users_get_count() + local count = 0 + for id,username in pairs(api.server_get_users()) do + count = count + 1 + end + return count +end + +-- Get count of all server account +function accounts_get_count() + local count = 0 + for id,username in pairs(api.server_get_users(true)) do + count = count + 1 + end + return count +end + diff --git a/lua/extend/account_wrap.lua b/lua/extend/account_wrap.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6fde66af7 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/extend/account_wrap.lua @@ -0,0 +1,516 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- All attribute get/set actions must have a wrapper to avoid write a wrong type into database + +-- +-- Profile +-- + +function account_get_acct_email(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\email", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_acct_email(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\email", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_admin(username, channelname) + if channelname then + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\admin\\" .. channelname, attr_type_bool) + else + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\admin", attr_type_bool) + end +end +function account_set_auth_admin(username, channelname, value) + if channelname then + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\admin\\" .. channelname, attr_type_bool, value) + else + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\admin", attr_type_bool, value) + end +end + +function account_get_auth_operator(username, channelname) + if channelname then + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\operator\\" .. channelname, attr_type_bool) + else + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\operator", attr_type_bool) + end +end +function account_set_auth_operator(username, channelname, value) + if channelname then + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\operator\\" .. channelname, attr_type_bool, value) + else + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\operator", attr_type_bool, value) + end +end + +function account_get_auth_voice(username, channelname) + if channelname then + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\voice\\" .. channelname, attr_type_bool) + else + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\voice", attr_type_bool) + end +end +function account_set_auth_voice(username, channelname, value) + if channelname then + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\voice\\" .. channelname, attr_type_bool, value) + else + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\voice", attr_type_bool, value) + end +end + +function account_is_operator_or_admin(username, channelname) + return account_get_auth_operator(username, channelname) or account_get_auth_admin(username, channelname) or account_get_auth_operator(username, nil) or account_get_auth_admin(username, nil) +end + + +function account_get_auth_announce(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\announce", attr_type_bool) +end +function account_set_auth_announce(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\announce", attr_type_bool, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_botlogin(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\botlogin", attr_type_bool) +end +function account_set_auth_botlogin(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\botlogin", attr_type_bool, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_lock(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\lockk", attr_type_bool) +end +function account_set_auth_lock(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\lockk", attr_type_bool, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_locktime(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\locktime", attr_type_int) +end +function account_set_auth_locktime(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\locktime", attr_type_int, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_lockreason(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\lockreason", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_auth_lockreason(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\lockreason", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_lockby(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\lockby", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_auth_lockby(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\lockby", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_mute(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\mute", attr_type_bool) +end +function account_set_auth_mute(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\mute", attr_type_bool, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_mutetime(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\mutetime", attr_type_int) +end +function account_set_auth_mutetime(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\mutetime", attr_type_int, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_mutereason(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\mutereason", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_auth_mutereason(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\mutereason", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_muteby(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\muteby", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_auth_muteby(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\muteby", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_command_groups(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\command_groups", attr_type_int) +end +function account_set_auth_command_groups(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\command_groups", attr_type_int, value) +end + +function account_get_acct_lastlogin_time(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\lastlogin_time", attr_type_int) +end +function account_set_acct_lastlogin_time(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\lastlogin_time", attr_type_int, value) +end + +function account_get_acct_lastlogin_owner(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\lastlogin_owner", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_acct_lastlogin_owner(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\lastlogin_owner", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_acct_createtime(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\ctime", attr_type_int) +end +function account_set_acct_createtime(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\ctime", attr_type_int, value) +end + +function account_get_acct_lastlogin_clienttag(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\lastlogin_clienttag", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_acct_lastlogin_clienttag(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\lastlogin_clienttag", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_acct_lastlogin_ip(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\lastlogin_ip", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_acct_lastlogin_ip(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\lastlogin_ip", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_acct_passhash(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\passhash1", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_acct_passhash(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\passhash1", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_acct_verifier(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\verifier", attr_type_raw) +end +function account_set_acct_verifier(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\verifier", attr_type_raw, value) +end + +function account_get_acct_salt(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\salt", attr_type_raw) +end +function account_set_acct_salt(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\acct\\salt", attr_type_raw, value) +end + +-- +-- Profile +-- + +function account_get_auth_adminnormallogin(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\adminnormallogin", attr_type_bool) +end +function account_set_auth_adminnormallogin(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\adminnormallogin", attr_type_bool, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_changepass(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\changepass", attr_type_bool) +end +function account_set_auth_changepass(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\changepass", attr_type_bool, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_changeprofile(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\changeprofile", attr_type_bool) +end +function account_set_auth_changeprofile(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\changeprofile", attr_type_bool, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_createnormalgame(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\createnormalgame", attr_type_bool) +end +function account_set_auth_createnormalgame(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\createnormalgame", attr_type_bool, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_joinnormalgame(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\joinnormalgame", attr_type_bool) +end +function account_set_auth_joinnormalgame(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\joinnormalgame", attr_type_bool, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_createladdergame(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\createladdergame", attr_type_bool) +end +function account_set_auth_createladdergame(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\createladdergame", attr_type_bool, value) +end + +function account_get_auth_joinladdergame(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\joinladdergame", attr_type_bool) +end +function account_set_auth_joinladdergame(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "BNET\\auth\\joinladdergame", attr_type_bool, value) +end + +-- +-- Profile +-- + +function account_get_sex(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "profile\\sex", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_sex(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "profile\\sex", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_age(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "profile\\age", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_age(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "profile\\age", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_location(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "profile\\location", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_location(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "profile\\location", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_description(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "profile\\description", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_description(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "profile\\description", attr_type_str, value) +end + + + +-- +-- Warcraft 3 +-- + +function account_get_soloxp(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\W3XP\\solo_xp", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_soloxp(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\W3XP\\solo_xp", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_sololevel(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\W3XP\\solo_level", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_sololevel(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\W3XP\\solo_level", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_solowins(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\W3XP\\solo_wins", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_solowins(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\W3XP\\solo_wins", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_sololosses(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\W3XP\\solo_losses", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_sololosses(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\W3XP\\solo_losses", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_solorank(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\W3XP\\solo_rank", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_solorank(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\W3XP\\solo_rank", attr_type_num, value) +end + + +-- +-- Starcraft +-- + +function account_get_normal_wins(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\0\\wins", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_wins(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\0\\wins", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_normal_losses(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\0\\losses", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_losses(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\0\\losses", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_normal_draws(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\0\\draws", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_draws(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\0\\draws", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_normal_disconnects(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\0\\disconnects", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_disconnects(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\0\\disconnects", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_normal_last_time(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\0\\last game", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_last_time(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\0\\last game", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_normal_last_result(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\0\\last game result", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_last_result(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\0\\last game result", attr_type_num, value) +end + + +function account_get_ladder_wins(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\wins", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_ladder_wins(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\wins", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_ladder_losses(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\losses", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_ladder_losses(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\losses", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_ladder_draws(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\draws", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_ladder_draws(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\draws", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_ladder_disconnects(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\disconnects", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_ladder_disconnects(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\disconnects", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_ladder_last_time(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\last game", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_ladder_last_time(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\last game", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_ladder_last_result(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\last game result", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_ladder_last_result(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\last game result", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_ladder_rating(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\rating", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_ladder_rating(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\rating", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_ladder_rank(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\rank", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_ladder_rank(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\SEXP\\1\\rank", attr_type_num, value) +end + +-- TODO: wrappers for 2x2 + + +-- +-- Warcraft 2 +-- + +--[[ Warcraft 2 has the same functions as Starcraft, but "W2BN" instead of "SEXP" in path. Replace it if you have a single 2 server. ]]-- + + + +-- +-- Diablo +-- + +function account_get_normal_level(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\level", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_level(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\level", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_normal_class(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\class", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_class(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\class", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_normal_diablo_kills(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\diablo kills", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_diablo_kills(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\diablo kills", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_normal_strength(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\strength", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_strength(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\strength", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_normal_dexterity(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\dexterity", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_dexterity(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\dexterity", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_normal_vitality(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\vitality", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_vitality(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\vitality", attr_type_num, value) +end + +function account_get_normal_gold(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\gold", attr_type_num) +end +function account_set_normal_gold(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\DRTL\\0\\gold", attr_type_num, value) +end + + +-- +-- Westwood Online +-- + +function account_get_wol_apgar(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\WOL\\auth\\apgar", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_wol_apgar(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\WOL\\auth\\apgar", attr_type_str, value) +end + +function account_get_locale(username) + return api.account_get_attr(username, "Record\\WOL\\auth\\locale", attr_type_str) +end +function account_set_locale(username, value) + return api.account_set_attr(username, "Record\\WOL\\auth\\locale", attr_type_str, value) +end diff --git a/lua/extend/channel.lua b/lua/extend/channel.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48300aa8e --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/extend/channel.lua @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Return channel id by name (if channel not found then return -1) +function channel_get_id_by_name(channel_name) + for id,name in pairs(api.server_get_channels()) do + if name == channel_name then + return id + end + end + return -1 +end + + +-- Send message in channel +-- message_type: message_type_info | message_type_error +function channel_send_message(channel_name, text, message_type) + channel_id = channel_get_id_by_name(channel_name) + if (channel_id == -1) then + return nil + end + + channel = api.channel_get_by_id(channel_id) + + for username in string.split(channel.memberlist,",") do + api.message_send_text(username, message_type, nil, text) + end +end + + +-- Get count of all channels +function channels_get_count() + local count = 0 + for id,channelname in pairs(api.server_get_channels()) do + count = count + 1 + end + return count +end \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lua/extend/enum/attr.lua b/lua/extend/enum/attr.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..84c0fadbb --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/extend/enum/attr.lua @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +attr_type_str, +attr_type_num, +attr_type_bool, +attr_type_raw += 0,1,2,3 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lua/extend/enum/eventlog.lua b/lua/extend/enum/eventlog.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc538f5af --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/extend/enum/eventlog.lua @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +eventlog_level_none, +eventlog_level_trace, +eventlog_level_debug, +eventlog_level_info, +eventlog_level_warn, +eventlog_level_error, +eventlog_level_fatal, +eventlog_level_gui -- Win32 GUI += 0,1,2,4,8,16,32,64 diff --git a/lua/extend/enum/game.lua b/lua/extend/enum/game.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a2e0aa252 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/extend/enum/game.lua @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +game_type_none, +game_type_all, +game_type_topvbot, +game_type_melee, +game_type_ffa, +game_type_oneonone, +game_type_ctf, +game_type_greed, +game_type_slaughter, +game_type_sdeath, +game_type_ladder, +game_type_ironman, +game_type_mapset, +game_type_teammelee, +game_type_teamffa, +game_type_teamctf, +game_type_pgl, +game_type_diablo, +game_type_diablo2open, +game_type_diablo2closed, +game_type_anongame += 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 + + +game_status_started, +game_status_full, +game_status_open, +game_status_loaded, +game_status_done += 0,1,2,3,4 + + +game_result_none, +game_result_win, +game_result_loss, +game_result_draw, +game_result_disconnect, +game_result_observer, +game_result_playing += 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 + + +game_option_none, +game_option_melee_normal, +game_option_ffa_normal, +game_option_oneonone_normal, +game_option_ctf_normal, +game_option_greed_10000, +game_option_greed_7500, +game_option_greed_5000, +game_option_greed_2500, +game_option_slaughter_60, +game_option_slaughter_45, +game_option_slaughter_30, +game_option_slaughter_15, +game_option_sdeath_normal, +game_option_ladder_countasloss, +game_option_ladder_nopenalty, +game_option_mapset_normal, +game_option_teammelee_4, +game_option_teammelee_3, +game_option_teammelee_2, +game_option_teamffa_4, +game_option_teamffa_3, +game_option_teamffa_2, +game_option_teamctf_4, +game_option_teamctf_3, +game_option_teamctf_2, +game_option_topvbot_7, +game_option_topvbot_6, +game_option_topvbot_5, +game_option_topvbot_4, +game_option_topvbot_3, +game_option_topvbot_2, +game_option_topvbot_1 += 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32 + + +game_maptype_none, +game_maptype_selfmade, +game_maptype_blizzard, +game_maptype_ladder, +game_maptype_pgl, +game_maptype_kbk, +game_maptype_compusa += 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 + + +game_tileset_none, +game_tileset_badlands, +game_tileset_space, +game_tileset_installation, +game_tileset_ashworld, +game_tileset_jungle, +game_tileset_desert, +game_tileset_ice, +game_tileset_twilight += 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 + + +game_speed_none, +game_speed_slowest, +game_speed_slower, +game_speed_slow, +game_speed_normal, +game_speed_fast, +game_speed_faster, +game_speed_fastest += 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 + + +game_difficulty_none, +game_difficulty_normal, +game_difficulty_nightmare, +game_difficulty_hell, +game_difficulty_hardcore_normal, +game_difficulty_hardcore_nightmare, +game_difficulty_hardcore_hell += 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 + + +game_flag_none, +game_flag_private += 0,1 + diff --git a/lua/extend/enum/message.lua b/lua/extend/enum/message.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8fa60da2b --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/extend/enum/message.lua @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +message_type_adduser, +message_type_join, +message_type_part, +message_type_whisper, +message_type_talk, +message_type_broadcast, +message_type_channel, +message_type_userflags, +message_type_whisperack, +message_type_friendwhisperack, +message_type_channelfull, +message_type_channeldoesnotexist, +message_type_channelrestricted, +message_type_info, +message_type_error, +message_type_emote, +message_type_uniqueid, -- bad message type? +message_type_mode, -- bad message type? +message_type_kick, +message_type_quit, +-- IRC specific messages +message_type_nick, +message_type_notice, +message_type_namreply, +message_type_topic, +-- Westwood Online Extensions +message_type_host, +message_type_invmsg, +message_type_page, +message_type_wol_joingame, +message_type_gameopt_talk, +message_type_gameopt_whisper, +message_type_wol_start_game, +message_type_wol_advertr, +message_type_wol_chanchk, +message_type_wol_userip, +message_type_null += 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34 diff --git a/lua/extend/enum/messagebox.lua b/lua/extend/enum/messagebox.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bcbe7f57d --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/extend/enum/messagebox.lua @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- https://github.com/HarpyWar/pvpgn/issues/15 +-- http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms645505(v=vs.85).aspx +-- +-- use math_or(mb_type1, mb_type2) to combine two messagebox types +--[[ Example code to display Windows MessageBox: + local mb_type = math_or(MB_DEFBUTTON2, math_or(MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE, MB_ICONEXCLAMATION) ) + api.messagebox_show(account.name, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaawwadwwadawdawdawdwadawdaaw", "MessageBox from " .. config.servername, mb_type) +]]-- + +MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE, +MB_CANCELTRYCONTINUE, +MB_HELP, +MB_OK, +MB_OKCANCEL, +MB_RETRYCANCEL, +MB_YESNO, +MB_YESNOCANCEL, + +MB_ICONEXCLAMATION, +MB_ICONWARNING, +MB_ICONINFORMATION, +MB_ICONASTERISK, +MB_ICONQUESTION, +MB_ICONSTOP, +MB_ICONERROR, +MB_ICONHAND, + +MB_DEFBUTTON1, +MB_DEFBUTTON2, +MB_DEFBUTTON3, +MB_DEFBUTTON4, + +MB_APPLMODAL, +MB_SYSTEMMODAL, +MB_TASKMODAL, + +MB_DEFAULT_DESKTOP_ONLY, +MB_RIGHT, +MB_RTLREADING, +MB_SETFOREGROUND, +MB_TOPMOST, +MB_SERVICE_NOTIFICATION += 0x00000002,0x00000006,0x00004000,0x00000000,0x00000001,0x00000005,0x00000004,0x00000003,0x00000030,0x00000030,0x00000040,0x00000040,0x00000020,0x00000010,0x00000010,0x00000010,0x00000000,0x00000100,0x00000200,0x00000300,0x00000000,0x00001000,0x00002000,0x00020000,0x00080000,0x00100000,0x00010000,0x00040000,0x00200000 diff --git a/lua/extend/game.lua b/lua/extend/game.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..19855ba91 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/extend/game.lua @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Get count of all games +function games_get_count() + local count = 0 + for id,gamename in pairs(api.server_get_games()) do + count = count + 1 + end + return count +end + diff --git a/lua/extend/message.lua b/lua/extend/message.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1eeb303c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/extend/message.lua @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Send announce to all connected users +function message_send_all(text) + for id,username in pairs(api.server_get_users()) do + api.message_send_text(username, message_type_broadcast, nil, text) + end +end + diff --git a/lua/handle_channel.lua b/lua/handle_channel.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d54260bd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/handle_channel.lua @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +function handle_channel_message(channel, account, text, message_type) + if config.quiz and channel.name == config.quiz_channel then + quiz_handle_message(account.name, text) + end + + --api.eventlog(eventlog_level_gui, __FUNCTION__, text) + --return 1 +end +function handle_channel_userjoin(channel, account) + --api.eventlog(eventlog_level_gui, __FUNCTION__, account.name.." joined "..channel.name) +end +function handle_channel_userleft(channel, account) + --api.eventlog(eventlog_level_gui, __FUNCTION__, account.name.." left "..channel.name) +end diff --git a/lua/handle_command.lua b/lua/handle_command.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..60cd8ba38 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/handle_command.lua @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- List of available lua commands +-- (To create a new command - create a new file in directory "commands") +local lua_command_table = { + [1] = { + ["/w3motd"] = command_w3motd, + + -- Quiz + ["/quiz"] = command_quiz, + }, + [8] = { + ["/redirect"] = command_redirect, + }, +} + + +-- Global function to handle commands +-- ("return 1" from a command will break next C++ code execution) +function handle_command(account, text) + -- find command in table + for cg,cmdlist in pairs(lua_command_table) do + for cmd,func in pairs(cmdlist) do + if string.starts(text, cmd) then + + -- check if command group is in account.commandgroups + if not math_and(account.commandgroups, cg) then + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_error, account.name, "This command is reserved for admins.") + return 1 + end + + -- FIXME: we can use _G[func] if func is a text but not a function, + -- like ["/dotastats"] = "command_dotastats" + -- and function command_dotastats can be defined below, not only before + return func(account, text) + end + end + end + return 0 +end + + +-- Split command to arguments, +-- index 0 is always a command name without a slash +-- return table with arguments +function split_command(text, args_count) + local count = args_count + local result = {} + local tmp = "" + + -- remove slash from the command + if not string:empty(text) then + text = string.sub(text, 2) + end + + i = 0 + -- split by space + for token in string.split(text) do + if not string:empty(token) then + if (i < count) then + result[i] = token + i = i + 1 + else + if not string:empty(tmp) then + tmp = tmp .. " " + end + tmp = tmp .. token + end + end + end + -- push remaining text at the end + if not string:empty(tmp) then + result[count] = tmp + end + return result +end + diff --git a/lua/handle_game.lua b/lua/handle_game.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb25cff4f --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/handle_game.lua @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Global function to handle game create +function handle_game_create(game) + --for i,j in pairs(game) do + -- api.message_send_text(game.owner, message_type_info, game.owner, i.." = "..j) + --end +end + + + + +-- Global function to handle user join to game +function handle_game_userjoin(game, account) + --for i,j in pairs(game) do + -- message_send_text(account.name, message_type_info, account.name, i.." = "..j) + --end +end + + +-- Global function to handle user left from game +function handle_game_userleft(game, account) + --for username in string.split(str,",") do + -- if (account.name ~= username) then + -- api.message_send_text(username, message_type_whisper, nil, "Bye ".. account.name) + -- end + --end +end + +-- Global function to handle game end +function handle_game_end(game) + --api.message_send_text(game.owner, message_type_whisper, nil, "End game") +end + +-- Global function to handle game report +function handle_game_report(game) + + --for i,j in pairs(game) do + -- api.message_send_text("harpywar", message_type_info, game.owner, i.." = "..j) + -- api.message_send_text(game.owner, message_type_info, game.owner, i.." = "..j) + --end + + --api.eventlog(eventlog_level_gui, __FUNCTION__, game.last_access) +end + + + +-- Global function to handle game destroy +function handle_game_destroy(game) + --api.message_send_text(game.owner, message_type_whisper, nil, "Destroy game") +end + + +-- Global function to handle game status +function handle_game_changestatus(game) + --api.message_send_text(game.owner, message_type_info, nil, "Change status of the game to ".. game.status) +end diff --git a/lua/handle_server.lua b/lua/handle_server.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8028314c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/handle_server.lua @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Loop each second +function handle_server_mainloop() + -- Tick all timers + for t in pairs(__timers) do + __timers[t]:tick() + end + + -- api.eventlog(eventlog_level_gui, __FUNCTION__, os.time()) +end diff --git a/lua/handle_user.lua b/lua/handle_user.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62e63aee3 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/handle_user.lua @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +function handle_user_whisper(account_src, account_dst, text) + --api.eventlog(eventlog_level_gui, __FUNCTION__, account_src.name.."->"..account_dst.name.. ": ".. text) + --return 1; +end +function handle_user_login(account) + --api.eventlog(eventlog_level_gui, __FUNCTION__, account.name.." logged in") + --return 1; +end +function handle_user_disconnect(account) + --api.eventlog(eventlog_level_gui, __FUNCTION__, account.name.." disconnected") +end + diff --git a/lua/include/bitwise.lua b/lua/include/bitwise.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..584641603 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/include/bitwise.lua @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- +-- Bitwise functions: +-- math_not, math_and, math_or, math_xor +-- + +local function nand(x,y,z) + z=z or 2^16 + if z<2 then + return 1-x*y + else + return nand((x-x%z)/z,(y-y%z)/z,math.sqrt(z))*z+nand(x%z,y%z,math.sqrt(z)) + end +end +function math_not(y,z) + return nand(nand(0,0,z),y,z) +end +function math_and(x,y,z) + return nand(math_not(0,z),nand(x,y,z),z) +end +function math_or(x,y,z) + return nand(math_not(x,z),math_not(y,z),z) +end +function math_xor(x,y,z) + return math_and(nand(x,y,z),math_or(x,y,z),z) +end \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lua/include/common.lua b/lua/include/common.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a4eaa7696 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/include/common.lua @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Return the script path and line of the function where it is executed +__FUNCTION__ = nil +setmetatable(_G, {__index = + function(t, k) + if k == '__FUNCTION__' then + local w = debug.getinfo(2, "S") + return w.short_src..":"..w.linedefined + end + end +}) + diff --git a/lua/include/file.lua b/lua/include/file.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80fac0c0d --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/include/file.lua @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Read file line by line +-- callback 2 is optional +-- You can process line with function callback1(line, callback2) +function file_load(filename, callback1, callback2) + local file = io.open(filename, "r") + if file then + for line in file:lines() do + if callback2 then + callback1(line, callback2) + else + callback1(line) + end + end + file.close(file) + api.eventlog(eventlog_level_trace, __FUNCTION__, "File readed " .. filename) + else + api.eventlog(eventlog_level_error, __FUNCTION__, "Could not open file " .. filename) + return false + end + return true +end + +-- (callback) for "file_load" to load file with each line format like "key = value" +function file_load_dictionary_callback(line, callback) + if string:empty(line) then return 0 end + + local idx = 0 + local a, b + for v in string.split(line, "=") do + if idx == 0 then + a = string:trim(v) + else + b = string:trim(v) + end + idx = idx + 1 + end + if not string:empty(b) and not string:empty(a) then + callback(a, b) + end +end + + + + + + +-- Save raw text "data" into a filename +function file_save(data, filename) + local file = io.open(filename, "w") + + file:write(data) + file:close() +end + +-- Save file using callback +function file_save2(filename, callback) + local file = io.open(filename, "w") + + callback(file) + file:close() +end +-- Check file for exist +function file_exists(filename) + local f=io.open(filename, "r") + if f~=nil then io.close(f) return true else return false end +end + + diff --git a/lua/include/string.lua b/lua/include/string.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ad2bc798 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/include/string.lua @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Split text into table by delimeter +-- Usage example: string.split("one,two",",") +function string:split(str) + str = str or '%s+' + local st, g = 1, self:gmatch("()("..str..")") + local function getter(segs, seps, sep, cap1, ...) + st = sep and seps + #sep + return self:sub(segs, (seps or 0) - 1), cap1 or sep, ... + end + return function() if st then return getter(st, g()) end end +end + +-- Check string is nil or empty +-- bool +function string:empty(str) + return str == nil or str == '' +end + +-- bool +function string.starts(str, starts) + if string:empty(str) then return false end + return string.sub(str,1,string.len(starts))==starts +end + +-- bool +function string.ends(str, ends) + if string:empty(str) then return false end + return ends=='' or string.sub(str,-string.len(ends))==ends +end + +-- Replace string +function string.replace(str, pattern, replacement) + if string:empty(str) then return str end + local s, n = string.gsub(str, pattern, replacement) + return s +end + +function string:trim(str) + if string:empty(str) then return str end + return (str:gsub("^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1")) +end + + + +-- Replace char in specified position of string +function replace_char(pos, str, replacement) + if string:empty(str) then return str end + return str:sub(1, pos-1) .. replacement .. str:sub(pos+1) +end + + diff --git a/lua/include/table.lua b/lua/include/table.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ebe8c4ae --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/include/table.lua @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Clear table +function table.clear(_table) + for k in pairs(_table) do + _table[k] = nil + end +end + +-- Get table size +function table.count(T) + if not T or not next(t) then return 0 end + + local count = 0 + for _ in pairs(T) do count = count + 1 end + return count +end + + +--[[ + Save Table to File + Load Table from File + v 1.0 + + Lua 5.2 compatible + + Only Saves Tables, Numbers and Strings + Insides Table References are saved + Does not save Userdata, Metatables, Functions and indices of these + ---------------------------------------------------- + table.save( table , filename ) + + on failure: returns an error msg + + ---------------------------------------------------- + table.load( filename or stringtable ) + + Loads a table that has been saved via the table.save function + + on success: returns a previously saved table + on failure: returns as second argument an error msg + ---------------------------------------------------- + + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- +do + -- declare local variables + --// exportstring( string ) + --// returns a "Lua" portable version of the string + local function exportstring( s ) + return string.format("%q", s) + end + + --// The Save Function + function table.save( tbl,filename ) + local charS,charE = " ","\n" + local file,err = io.open( filename, "wb" ) + if err then return err end + + -- initiate variables for save procedure + local tables,lookup = { tbl },{ [tbl] = 1 } + file:write( "return {"..charE ) + + for idx,t in ipairs( tables ) do + file:write( "-- Table: {"..idx.."}"..charE ) + file:write( "{"..charE ) + local thandled = {} + + for i,v in ipairs( t ) do + thandled[i] = true + local stype = type( v ) + -- only handle value + if stype == "table" then + if not lookup[v] then + table.insert( tables, v ) + lookup[v] = #tables + end + file:write( charS.."{"..lookup[v].."},"..charE ) + elseif stype == "string" then + file:write( charS..exportstring( v )..","..charE ) + elseif stype == "number" then + file:write( charS..tostring( v )..","..charE ) + end + end + + for i,v in pairs( t ) do + -- escape handled values + if (not thandled[i]) then + + local str = "" + local stype = type( i ) + -- handle index + if stype == "table" then + if not lookup[i] then + table.insert( tables,i ) + lookup[i] = #tables + end + str = charS.."[{"..lookup[i].."}]=" + elseif stype == "string" then + str = charS.."["..exportstring( i ).."]=" + elseif stype == "number" then + str = charS.."["..tostring( i ).."]=" + end + + if str ~= "" then + stype = type( v ) + -- handle value + if stype == "table" then + if not lookup[v] then + table.insert( tables,v ) + lookup[v] = #tables + end + file:write( str.."{"..lookup[v].."},"..charE ) + elseif stype == "string" then + file:write( str..exportstring( v )..","..charE ) + elseif stype == "number" then + file:write( str..tostring( v )..","..charE ) + end + end + end + end + file:write( "},"..charE ) + end + file:write( "}" ) + file:close() + end + + --// The Load Function + function table.load( sfile ) + local ftables,err = loadfile( sfile ) + if err or not ftables() then return _,err end + local tables = ftables() + + for idx = 1,#tables do + local tolinki = {} + for i,v in pairs( tables[idx] ) do + if type( v ) == "table" then + tables[idx][i] = tables[v[1]] + end + if type( i ) == "table" and tables[i[1]] then + table.insert( tolinki,{ i,tables[i[1]] } ) + end + end + -- link indices + for _,v in ipairs( tolinki ) do + tables[idx][v[2]],tables[idx][v[1]] = tables[idx][v[1]],nil + end + end + return tables[1] + end +-- close do +end + +-- ChillCode \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lua/include/timer.lua b/lua/include/timer.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25ac0fc52 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/include/timer.lua @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Global table with timers +__timers = {} + +function timer_add(id, interval, callback) + timer_object = timer:new(id, interval, callback) + table.insert(__timers, timer_object) +end + +function timer_del(id) + -- safe remove from the timers (we can not just use __timers = nil here) + local i = 0 + for k,v in pairs(__timers) do + i = i + 1 + if (v.id == id) then + table.remove(__timers, i) + return true + end + end + return false +end + +function timer_get(id) + local i = 0 + for k,v in pairs(__timers) do + i = i + 1 + if (v.id == id) then + return v + end + end +end + + +-- +-- Timer class +-- +timer = {} + +-- Create a new timer with unique id and given interval +function timer:new(id, interval, callback) + options = { id = id, interval = interval, prev_time = 0, callback = callback } + self.__index = self + return setmetatable(options, self) +end + +-- Event when timer executes +function timer:tick() + if os.time() < self.prev_time + self.interval then return 0 end + self.prev_time = os.time() + + -- Debug: display time when the timer ticks + -- api.eventlog(eventlog_level_gui, __FUNCTION__, self.interval .. ": " .. os.time()) + + -- execute callback function + return self.callback(self) +end + + diff --git a/lua/main.lua b/lua/main.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c6dd3cba8 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/main.lua @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- this function executes after preload all the lua scripts +function main() + + +end diff --git a/lua/quiz/command.lua b/lua/quiz/command.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d333e6643 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/quiz/command.lua @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- /quiz +function command_quiz(account, text) + if not config.quiz then + return 0 + end + + local args = split_command(text, 2) + + if (args[1] == "start") then + return q_command_start(account, args[2]) + + elseif (args[1] == "stop") then + return q_command_stop(account) + + elseif (args[1] == "stats") then + if not args[2] then + return q_command_toplist(account) + else + return q_command_stats(account, args[2]) + end + end + + api.describe_command(account.name, args[0]) + return 1 +end + + +-- Start quiz in current channel +function q_command_start(account, filename) + + local channel = api.channel_get_by_id(account.channel_id) + if not channel then + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_error, account.name, "This command can only be used inside a channel.") + return 1 + end + + if not account_is_operator_or_admin(account.name, channel.name) then + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_error, account.name, "You must be at least a Channel Operator to use this command.") + return 1 + end + + if config.quiz_channel then + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_error, account.name, 'Quiz has already ran in channel "'..config.quiz_channel..'". Use /qstop to force finish.') + return 1 + end + + -- check if file exists + if not filename or not file_exists(q_directory() .. "/questions/" .. filename .. ".txt") then + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_error, account.name, "Available Quiz dictionaries: ") + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_error, account.name, " " .. config.quiz_filelist) + return 1 + end + + quiz:start(channel.name, filename) + return 1 +end + +-- Stop quiz +function q_command_stop(account) + + if not config.quiz_channel then + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_error, account.name, 'Quiz is not running.') + return 1 + end + + quiz:stop(account.name) + + return 1 +end + +-- Display Quiz Top players record +function q_command_toplist(account) + + -- load records (if it was not loaded yet) + if not q_load_records() then + return 0 + end + + local output = "Top " .. config.quiz_users_in_top .. " Quiz records:" + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_info, account.name, output) + + -- display TOP of total records + for i,t in pairs(q_records_total) do + if (i > config.quiz_users_in_top) then break end + + local output = string.format(" %d. %s [%d points]", i, t.username, t.points) + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_info, account.name, output) + end + + return 1 +end + + +-- Display single player's record +function q_command_stats(account, username) + + -- load records (if it was not loaded yet) + if not q_load_records() then + return 0 + end + + local found = false + -- find user in records + for i,t in pairs(q_records_total) do + if string.upper(t.username) == string.upper(username) then + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_info, account.name, t.username.. "'s Quiz record:") + + local output = string.format(" %d. %s [%d points]", i, t.username, t.points) + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_info, account.name, output) + + found = true + end + end + + if not found then + api.message_send_text(account.name, message_type_info, account.name, username .. " has never played Quiz.") + end + + return 1 +end diff --git a/lua/quiz/helper.lua b/lua/quiz/helper.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95a3e279d --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/quiz/helper.lua @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +-- Get path to Quiz directory +function q_directory() + return config.scriptdir .. "/quiz" +end + +-- Replace each symbol in string with * +-- Example: input = "hello world", return = "***** *****" +function q_hide_unswer(input) + local output = input + for i = 1, #input do + local c = input:sub(i,i) + if not (c == " ") then + output = replace_char(i, output, "*") + end + end + return output +end + +-- Open one random symbol in hidden (with *) string from original string +-- Example: hidden = "***** *****", original = "hello world", return = "***l* *****" +function q_show_next_symbol(hidden, original) + local output = hidden + + if hidden == original then + return output + end + + local replaced = false + while not replaced do + local i = math.random(#hidden) + local c = hidden:sub(i,i) + if c == "*" then + local c2 = original:sub(i,i) + output = replace_char(i, hidden, c2) + replaced = true + end + end + return output +end + + + +-- Callback to sort records table descending +function q_compare_desc(a,b) + return tonumber(a.points) > tonumber(b.points) +end diff --git a/lua/quiz/questions/dota.txt b/lua/quiz/questions/dota.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80c0dbf94 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/quiz/questions/dota.txt @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +************************************************** +Category: DotA +Author: AGOES +************************************************** + +One of illegal tools for playing dota? = Maphack +How many kills needed for the title killing spree? = three +How many kills needed for the title Dominating? = four +How many kills needed for the title Megakill? = five +How many kills needed for the title Unstoppable? = six +How many kills needed for the title Whicked Sick? = seven +How many kills needed for the title Monster Kill? = eight +How many kills needed for the title GodLike? = nine +How many kills needed for the title Beyond Godlike(Holy Shit!)? = ten +First kill of the Game? = First Blood +Two Kills simutaneously. = Double Kill +Three Kills simutaneously. = Triple Kill +Hero Nicknames: Vengeful Spirit. = Vs +Hero Nicknames: Leshrac the Malicious Tormented Soul. = Leshrac +Hero Nicknames: Kel'Thuzad the Lich King. = Lich +Hero Nicknames: Krobelus the Death Prophet. = Dp +Hero Nicknames: Lion the Demon Witch. = Lion +Hero Nicknames: Lesale Deathbringer the Venomancer. = Veno +Hero Nicknames: Magnus the Magnataur. = Magnataur +Hero Nicknames: Visage The Necro'lic. = Visage +Hero Nicknames: Nessaj the Chaos Knight. = Ck +Hero Nicknames: Banehallow the Lycanthrope. = Lycan +Hero Nicknames: Black Arachnia the Broodmother. = Brood +Hero Nicknames: Mortred the Phantom Assassin. = Pa +Hero Nicknames: Medusa the Gorgon. = Medusa +Hero Nicknames: Balanar the NightStalker. = Ns +Hero Nicknames: King Leoric the Skeleton King. = Leo +Hero Nicknames: Lucifer the DoomBringer. = Lucy +Hero Nicknames: Pharoh'moth the Nerubian Assassin. = Na +Hero Nicknames: Slardar the Slithereen Guard. = Slardar +Hero Nicknames: Akasha the Queen of Pain. = QoP +Hero Nicknames: Bone Clinkz the Bone Fletcher. = Clinkz +Hero Nicknames: Darkterror the Faceless Void. = Void +Hero Nicknames: Viper the Netherdrake. = Viper +Hero Nicknames: Razor the Lightning Revenant. = Razor +Hero Nicknames: Nai'x the Lifestealer. = Naix +Hero Nicknames: Pugna the Oblivion. = Pugna +Hero Nicknames: Leviathan the Tidehunter. = Levi +Hero Nicknames: Atropos the Bane Elemental. = Bane +Hero Nicknames: Rotund'jere the Necrolyte. = Necro +Hero Nicknames: Pudge the Butcher. = Pudge +Hero Nicknames: Barathrum the Spiritbreaker. = Sb +Hero Nicknames: Anub'seran the Nerubian Weaver. = Weaver +Hero Nicknames: Crixalis the Sandking. = Sk +Hero Nicknames: Mogul Kahn the Axe. = Axe +Hero Nicknames: Strygwyr the BloodSeeker. = seeker +Ultimate: Nether Swap. = Vengeful Spirit +Ultimate: Thunder God's Wrath. = Lord of Olympia +Ultimate: Untouchable. = Enchantress +Ultimate: Replicate. = Morphling +Ultimate: Freezing Field. = Crystal Maiden +Ultimate: God's Strength. = Rogue Knight +Ultimate: Song of the Siren. = Naga Siren +Ultimate: Echo Slam. = Earth Shaker +Ultimate: Permanent Invisibility. = Stealth Assassin +Ultimate: True Form. = Lone Druid +Ultimate: Laguna Blade. = Slayer +Ultimate: Omnislash. = Juggernaught +Ultimate: Global Silence. = Silencer +Ultimate: Overgrowth. = Treant Protector +Ultimate: Blackhole. = Enigma +Ultimate: Ignis Fatuus. = Keeper of the Light +Ultimate: Enrage. = Ursa Warrior +Ultimate: Phantom Edge. = Phantom Lancer +Ultimate: Mutli Cast. = Ogre Magi +Ultimate: Rearm. = Tinker +Ultimate: Wrath of Nature. = Prophet +Ultimate: Grow. = Stone Giant +Ultimate: Remote Mines. = Goblin Techies +Ultimate: Hand of God. = Holy Knight +Ultimate: Eclispe. = Moon rider +Ultimate: Assassinate. = Dwarven Sniper +Ultimate: Rampage. = Troll Warlord +Ultimate: Mass Serpent Wards. = Shadow Shaman +Ultimate: Warpath. = Bristleback +Ultimate: Primal Split. = Pandaren Battlemaster +Ultimate: Great Fortitude. = Centaur Warchief +Ultimate: Track. = Bounty Hunter +Ultimate: Elder Dragon Form. = Dragon Knight +Ultimate: Mana Void. = Anti-Mage +Ultimate: Marksmanship. = Drow Ranger +Ultimate: Guardian Angel. = Omni Knight +Ultimate: Sunder. = Soul Keeper +Ultimate: Pulse Nova. = Tormented Soul +Ultimate: Chain Frost. = Lich +Ultimate: Exorcism. = Death Prophet +Ultimate: Finger of Death. = Demon Witch +Ultimate: Poison Nova. = Venomancer +Ultimate: Reverse Polarity. = Magnataur +Ultimate: Raise Revenants. = Necro'lic +Ultimate: Phantasm. = Chaos Knight +Ultimate: Shapeshift. = Lycanthrope +Ultimate: Insatiable Hunger. = Broodmother +Ultimate: Coupe De Grace. = Phantom Assassin +Ultimate: Purge. = Gorgon +Ultimate: Darkness. = Night Stalker +Ultimate: Reincarnation. = Skeleton King +Ultimate: Doom. = Doom Bringer +Ultimate: Vendetta. = Nerubian Assassin +Ultimate: Amplify Damage. = Slithereen Guard +Ultimate: Sonic Wave. = Queen of Pain +Ultimate: Death Pact. = Bone Fletcher +Ultimate: Chronosphere. = Faceless Void +Ultimate: Viper Strike. = Netherdrake +Ultimate: Rage. = Lifestealer +Ultimate: Life Drain. = Oblivion +Ultimate: Ravage. = Tidehunter +Ultimate: Fiend's Grip. = Bane Elemental +Ultimate: Reaper's Scythe. = Necrolyte +Ultimate: Disember. = Butcher +Ultimate: Nether Strike. = Spiritbreaker +Ultimate: Time Lapse. = Nerubian Weaver +Ultimate: Requim of Souls. = Shadow Fiend +Ultimate: Epicenter. = Sand King +Ultimate: Culling Blade. = Axe +Ultimate: Rupture. = Bloodseeker +Armor Type: Spirit Tower = Fortified +Armor Type: The Frozen Throne = Fortified +Cost: Belt of Giant Strength = 450 +Cost: Blades of Alarcrity = 1000 +Cost: Blades of Attack in map 6.73c = 450 +Cost: Boots of Elvenskin = 450 +Cost: Boots of Speed = 500 +Cost: Broadsword = 1200 +Cost: Claymore = 1400 +Cost: Dagger of Escape = 2150 +Cost: Demon Edge = 2400 +Cost: Eaglehorn = 3300 +Cost: Gauntlets of Ogre Strength = 150 +Cost: Gem of True Sight = 700 +Cost: Helm of Iron Will = 950 +Cost: Mantle of Intelligence = 150 +Cost: Mask of Death = 900 +Cost: Mithril Hammer = 1600 +Cost: Ogre Axe = 1000 +Cost: Platemail = 1400 +Cost: Robe of the Magi = 450 +Cost: Sacred Relic = 3800 +Cost: Scroll for Black King Bar = 1300 +Cost: Scroll for Dagon = 1350 +Cost: Scroll for Heart of Tarrasque = 1200 +Cost: Scroll for Null Talisman = 170 +Cost: Scroll for Radiance = 1325 +Cost: Scroll for Stygian Desolator = 1200 +Cost: Slippers of Agility = 150 +Cost: Staff of Wizardry = 1000 +Cost: Ultimate Orb = 2100 +Cost: Vitality Booster = 1200 +Cost: Void Stone = 875 + diff --git a/lua/quiz/questions/misc.txt b/lua/quiz/questions/misc.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e197605c --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/quiz/questions/misc.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5150 @@ +************************************************** +Category: Various +Author: unknown +************************************************** + +What is the worlds #1 most populous city = seoul +What is the worlds #2 most populous city = sao paulo, brazil +What is the worlds #3 most populous city = bombay +What is the worlds #4 most populous city = jakarta +What is the worlds #5 most populous city = moscow +What is the worlds #6 most populous city = istanbul +What is the worlds #7 most populous city = mexico city +What is the worlds #8 most populous city = shanghai +What is the worlds #9 most populous city = tokyo +What is the worlds #10 most populous city = new york city +What is the worlds #11 most populous city = beijing +What is the worlds #12 most populous city = delhi, india +What is the worlds #13 most populous city = london +What is the worlds #14 most populous city = cairo +What is the worlds #15 most populous city = teheran +What is the worlds #16 most populous city = hong kong +What is the worlds #17 most populous city = bangkok +What is the worlds #18 most populous city = tianjin +What is the worlds #19 most populous city = lima +What is the worlds #20 most populous city = rio de janeiro +What is the worlds #21 most populous city = santafe de bogota, colombia +What is the worlds #22 most populous city = shenyang +What is the worlds #23 most populous city = santiago, chile +What is the worlds #24 most populous city = calcutta +What is the worlds #25 most populous city = st. petersburg +What is the worlds #26 most populous city = wuhan +What is the worlds #27 most populous city = guangzhou +What is the worlds #28 most populous city = madras +What is the worlds #29 most populous city = baghdad +What is the worlds #30 most populous city = pusan, south korea +Who isolated adrenaline in 1897 = john jacob abel +In what year did John Jacob Abel isolate adrenalin = 1897 +Who invented the aerosol can = erik rotheim +In what year did Erik Rotheim invent the aerosol can = 1926 +In what country was Erik Rotheim, the inventor of the aerosol can, born = norway +Who invented the air brake = george westinghouse +In what year did George Westinghouse invent the air brake = 1868 +Who invented the air conditioner = willis carrier +In what year did Willis Carrier invent air conditioning = 1911 +Who invented aluminum manufacture, (by electrolytic action) = charles hall +In what year did Charles M. Hall invent aluminum manufacture, (by electrolytic action) = 1866 +Who invented anesthetic: (first use of anesthetic-ether-on humans) = crawford long +In what year was anesthetic (ether) first used on humans = 1842 +Who invented the electric fan = schuyler wheeler +In what year did Schuyler Wheeler invent the electric fan = 1882 +Who invented the electric flatiron = henry seely +In what year did Henry Seely invent the electric flat iron = 1882 +Who invented the electric washing machine = alva fisher +In what year did Alvin Fisher invent the electric washing machine = 1906 +Who invented aspirin = dr felix hoffman +In what year did Dr Felix Hoffman invent aspirin = 1899 +Who first proposed the concept of atomic structure in 1911 = ernest rutherford +The first internal combustion engine was developed in 1885 by = karl benz +Who discovered bacteria in 1683 = anton van leeuwenhoek +In what year did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover bacteria = 1683 +Who invented barbed wire in 1873 = joseph e. glidden +In what year did Joseph E. Glidden invent barbed wire = 1873 +Who invented the barometer in 1643 = evangelista torricelli +In what year did Evangelista Torricelli invent the barometer = 1643 +Who invented the first MODERN bicycle in 1884 = james starley +Who founded the FIRST "Big Bang" theory in 1927 (the universe originated with a huge explosion) = george lemaitre1927 +Who founded the knowledge of blood circulation = william harvey +In what year did William Harveyfound the knowledge of blood circulation = 1628 +Who invented braille in 1829 = louis braille +In what year was braille invented = 1829 +Who invented the conical bullet = claude minie +In what year did Claude Minie invent the conical bullet = 1849 +Who was the inventor of the calculating machine in 1614 = john napier +Who was the inventor of the slide rule in 1632 = william oughtred +Who was the inventor of the digital calculator in 1642 = blaise pascal +In what year did John Napier invent the calculating machine = 1614 +In what year did William Oughtred invent the slide rule = 1632 +In what year did Blaise Pascal invent the digital calculator = 1642 +Who invented the carpet sweeper in 1876 = melville r bissell +In what year did Melville R Bissell invent the carpet sweeper = 1876 +In what year was the car radio invented by William Lear and Elmer Wavering = 1929 +Who invented cement in 1824 = joseph aspdin +In what year did Joseph Aspdin invent cement = 1824 +Who invented chewing gum in 1848 = john curtis +In what year did John Curtis invent chewing gum = 1848 +Who invented the pendulum clock in 1656 = christian huygens +In what year did Christian Huygens invent the pendulum clock = 1656 +What company invented the compact disk in 1972 = rca +In what year did RCA invent the compact disk = 1972 +Who invented condensed milk in 1853 = gail borden +In what year did Gail Borden invent condensed milk = 1853 +Who defined the contagion theory (infectious diseases caused by living agent transmitted from person to person) in 1546 = girolamo Fracastoro +In what year did Girolamo Fracastoro define the contagion theory = 1546 +Who defined the continental drift theory in 1858 = antonio snider-pellegrini +In what year did Antonio Snider-Pellegrini define the continental drift theory = 1858 +In what country were cosmetics first used = egypt +In what year were cosmetics first used = 4000 b c +Who first postulated the cosamic string theory = thomas kibble +In what year did Thomas Kibble first postulate the cosamic theory = 1976 +Where was the crossbow invented = china +In what year was the crossbow invented = 300 b c +The elevator was invented by = elisha otis +In what year did Elisha Otis invent the elevator = 1852 +Who discovered the fermentation process in 1860 = louis pasteur +In what year was the fermentation process discovered by Louis Pasteur = 1860 +Who invented fiber optics = narinder kapany +In what year was fiber optics discovered by Narinder Kapany = 1955 +Frozen food was first developed by = clarence birdseye +Gunpowder was invented in = china +In what year was gunpowder invented = 700 +The gyrocompass was invented by = elmer sperry +In what year did Elmer Sperry invent the gyrocompass = 1905 +After whom was Halley's Comet named = edmund halley +Who invented the holograph = dennis gabor +In what year was the holograph invented = 1947 +Who developed the Ice age theory in 1840 = louis agassiz +Who developed the LCD (liquid crystal display) = hoffmann-la roche +In what year was the LCD first developed = 1970 +Who invented the first bifocal lens = benjamin franklin +In what year was the first bifocal lens developed = 1760 +Who developed the first cylinder lock = linus yale +In what year was the first cylinder lock developed = 1851 +Who invented the 1st generation machine gun in 1718 = james puckle +Who invented the 2nd generation machine gun in 1861 = richard j gatling +In what year did James Puckle invent the first generation machine gun = 1718 +In what year did Richard J Gatling invent the second generation machine gun = 1861 +Who was the inventor of the phosphorus match = francois derosne +In what year did Francois Derosne invent the phosphorus match = 1816 +Who invented the microphone = charles wheatstone +In what year did Charles Wheatstone invent the microphone = 1827 +Who invented the microwave oven = percy spencer +In what year was the microwave oven invented = 1947 +Who invented the moving assembly line in 1913 = henry ford +IN what year did Henry Ford invent the moving assembly line = 1913 +Who first discovered the existence of Neptune = johann galle +In what year did Johann Galle first discover the existence of Neptune = 1846 +Who discovered the neutron = james chadwick +In what year was the neurton first discovered = 1932 +Nitroglycerin was developed by = ascanio sobrero +In what year did Ascanio Sobrero develop nitroglycerin = 1846 +Who developed the first nuclear reactor = enrico fermi +In what year did Enrico Fermi develop the first nuclear reactor = 1942 +Who invented the first oil well = edwin drake +In what year was the first oil well invented = 1859 +Who discovered the ozone = christian schonbein +In what year did Christian Schonbein discover the ozone = 1839 +Who developed the first internal pacemaker = clarence lillehie +In what year did Clarence Lillehie invent the first internal pacemaker = 1957 +Paper was invented in China in = 100 a d +The parachute was invented in 1783 by = louis lenormand +In what year did Louis Lenormand invent the parachute = 1783 +Who developed the laws of planetary motion = johannes kepler +Who invented plate tectonics = alfred wegener +Where was the forked plow invented = mesopotamia +When was the forked plow invented = before 3000 b c +Who discovered the positron in 1932 = carl anderson +In what year did Carl Anderson discover the positron = 1932 +Who invented the pressure cooker (early version) = denis papin +In what year did Denis Papin invent the pressure cooker = 1679 +Who discovered the proton in England in 1919 = ernest rutherford +What year did Ernest Rutherford discover the proton = 1919 +Who invented rabies immunization = louis pasteur +In what year did Louis Pasteur invent rabies immunization = 1885 +Who invented the first practical radar = sir robert watson-watt +In what year did Sir Robert Watson-Watt invent the first practical radar = 1934 +Who discovered radiocarbon dating = willard libby +In what year did Willard Libby discover radiocarbon dating = 1947 +In what year did Willard Libby first demonstrate radiocarbon dating = 1950 +Who was the first person to receive radio noise signals from outside our galaxy = karl jansky +In what year did Karl Jansky receive the first radio noise signals from outer space = 1931 +Who successfully marketed the first safety razor = king gillette +In what year was the first safety razor successfully marketed = 1901 +Who invented the revolver = samuel colt +In what year did Samuel Colt invent the revolver = 1835 +Name the inventor of the Richter scale = charles richter +In what year did Charles Richter invent the Richter scale = 1935 +Who invented the automatic rifle = john browning +In what year did John Browning invent the automatic rifle = 1918 +Who invented the liquid-fuelled rocket = robert goddard +In what year did Robert GToddard invent the liquid-fuelled rocket = 1926 +Who invented the vulcanizationprocess of rubber = charles goodyear +In what year did Charles Goodyear invent the vulcanization process of rubber = 1839 +Who invented the safety pin = walter hunt +In what year did Walter Hunt invent the safety pin = 1849 +Who invented the first accurate seismograph = john milne +In what year did John Milne invent the first accurate seismograph = 1880 +Who invented the first sewing machine = elias howe +In what year was the first sewing machine invented = 1846 +Who invented the first continuous stitch sewing machine = isaac singer +In what year was the first continuous stitch sewing machine invented = 1851 +Who was the first person to make the first realistic application of solar energy using parabolic solar reflector to drive caloric engine on steam boiler = john ericsson +In what year did John Ericsson make the first realistic application of solar energy using parabolic solar reflector to drive caloric engine on steam boiler = 1860 +Last names of the two men who invented spectrum analysis = kirchhoff & bunsen = bunsen & kirchhoff +In what year did Kirchhoff & Bunsen invent spectrum analysis = 1859 +Who invented the stethoscope = rene laennec +In what year did Rene Laennec invent the stethoscope = 1819 +Who invented the military tank = sir ernest swinton +In what year did Sir Ernest Swinton invent the military tank = 1914 +Who invented the tape recorder (magnetic steel tape) = valdemar poulsen +In what year was the tape recorder invented = 1899 +Who invented teflon = dupont +In what year was teflon invented = 1943 +Who invented the electric transformer = william stanley +In what year was the electric transformer invented = 1885 +What is the element symbol for Actinium = ac +What is the element symbol for Aluminum = al +What is the element symbol for Americum = am +What is the element symbol for Antimony = sb +What is the element symbol for Argon = ar +What is the element symbol for Arsenic (gray) = as +What is the element symbol for Astatine = at +What is the element symbol for Barium = ba +What is the element symbol for Berkelium = bk +What is the element symbol for Berylium = be +What is the element symbol for Bismuth = bi +What is the element symbol for Bohrium = bh +What is the element symbol for Boron = b +What is the element symbol for Bromine = br +What is the element symbol for Cadmium = cd +What is the element symbol for Calcium = ca +What is the element symbol for Californium = cf +What is the element symbol for Carbon = c +What is the element symbol for Cerium = ce +What is the element symbol for Cesium = cs +What is the element symbol for Chlorine = cl +What is the element symbol for Chromium = cr +What is the element symbol for Cobalt = co +What is the element symbol for Copper = cu +What is the element symbol for Curium = cm +What is the element symbol for Dubnium = db +What is the element symbol for Dysprosium = dy +What is the element symbol for Einsteinium = es +What is the element symbol for Erbium = er +What is the element symbol for Europium = eu +What is the element symbol for Fermium = fm +What is the element symbol for Fluorine = f +What is the element symbol for Francium = fr +What is the element symbol for Gadolinium = gd +What is the element symbol for Gallium = ga +What is the element symbol for Germanium = ge +What is the element symbol for Gold = au +What is the element symbol for Hafnium = hf +What is the element symbol for Hassium = hs +What is the element symbol for Helium = he +What is the element symbol for Holmium = ho +What is the element symbol for Hydrogen = h +What is the element symbol for Indium = in +What is the element symbol for Iodine = i +What is the element symbol for Iridium = ir +What is the element symbol for Iron = fe +What is the element symbol for Krypton = kr +What is the element symbol for Lanthanum = la +What is the element symbol for Lawrencium = lr +What is the element symbol for Lead = pb +What is the element symbol for Lithium = li +What is the element symbol for Lutetium = lu +What is the element symbol for Magnesium = mg +What is the element symbol for Manganese = mn +What is the element symbol for Meitnerium = mt +What is the element symbol for Mendelevium = md +What is the element symbol for Mercury = hg +What is the element symbol for Molybdenum = mo +What is the element symbol for Neodymium = nd +What is the element symbol for Neon = ne +What is the element symbol for Neptunium = np +What is the element symbol for Nickel = ni +What is the element symbol for Niobium (Columbium) = nb +What is the element symbol for Nitrogen = n +What is the element symbol for Osmium = os +What is the element symbol for Palladium = pd +What is the element symbol for Phosphorous (white) = p +What is the element symbol for Platinum = pt +What is the element symbol for Plutonium = pu +What is the element symbol for Polonium = po +What is the element symbol for Potassium = k +What is the element symbol for Praseodymium = pr +What is the element symbol for Promethium = pm +What is the element symbol for Protactinium = pa +What is the element symbol for Radium = ra +What is the element symbol for Radon = rn +What is the element symbol for Rhenium = re +What is the element symbol for Rhodium = rh +What is the element symbol for Rubidium = rb +What is the element symbol for Rutherfordium = rf +What is the element symbol for Ruthenium = ru +What is the element symbol for Samarium = sm +What is the element symbol for Scandium = sc +What is the element symbol for Seaborgium = sg +What is the element symbol for Selenium (gray) = se +What is the element symbol for Silicon = si +What is the element symbol for Silver = ag +What is the element symbol for Sodium = na +What is the element symbol for Strontium = sr +What is the element symbol for Sulfur = s +What is the element symbol for Tantalum = ta +What is the element symbol for Technetium = tc +What is the element symbol for Tellurium = te +What is the element symbol for Terbium = tb +What is the element symbol for Thallium = tl +What is the element symbol for Thorium = th +What is the element symbol for Thulium = tm +What is the element symbol for Tin (white) = sn +What is the element symbol for Titanium = ti +What is the element symbol for Tungsten = w +What is the element symbol for Uranium = u +What is the element symbol for Vanadium = v +What is the element symbol for Xenon = xe +What is the element symbol for Ytterbium = yb +What is the element symbol for Yttrium = y +What is the element symbol for Zinc = zn +What is the element symbol for Zirconium = zr +Category: Definitions: A harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism = disease +Category: Definitions: The training of the body to improve its function and enhance its fitness... = excercise +Category: Definitions: In human beings, the extent of an individual's continuing physical, emotional, mental, and social ability to cope with his environment = health +Category: Definitions: The physical substance of the human organism, composed of living cells and extracellular materials and organized into tissues, organs, and systems = human body +Category: Definitions: The practice concerned with the maintenance of health and the prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease = medicine +Category: Definitions: The process by which an organism absorbs and utilizes food substances = nutrition +Category: Definitions: The process involved in knowing, or the act of knowing, which in its completeness includes perception and judgment = cognition +Category: Definitions: Discipline that is concerned, in this context, mainly with methods of teaching and learning = education +Category: Definitions: Traditionally, a collection of books used for reading or study, or the building or room in which such a collection is kept = library +Category: Definitions: The study of the surface of the Earth = geography +Category: Definitions: Graphic representation, drawn to scale and usually on a flat surface, of features--for example, geographical, geological, or geopolitical--of an area of the Earth or of any other celestial body = map +Category: Definitions: The scientific study of the material remains of past human life and activities = archeology +True or False: No matter where you are in Australia you are never more than 1000 kilometers from the ocean = true +True or False: All owls lay white eggs = true +True or False: It takes a week to make a jelly bean = true +True or False: You can't tickle yourself = true +True or False: The University of Texas system is the third-largest landowner in the United States = true +Who was the LAST man to walk on the moon = gene cernan +How many stars are there in the Paramount movie logo = twenty two = 22 +True or False: You can't trademark surnames = true +What are the names of the two stone lions in front of the New York Public Library = patience & fortitude +What is Tennessee Williams' real name = thomas lanier williams +What is the scent on the artificial rabbit that is used in greyhound races = anise +Only one satellite has been ever been destroyed by a meteor -- the European Space Agency's ______ = olympus +In what year was the European Space Agency's satellite destoyed by a meteor = 1993 +What is the Western-most point in continental Europe = cabo de rocha, portugal +What is the largest breed of domesticated cat in the world = ragdoll +What is the oldest city in the US = st augustine, florida +What is the second oldest city in the US = st. mary's, georgia +what is the Latin name for moose = alces alces +There are two years that will look the same when written right side up and upside down. The first is 1961. What is the other = 6009 +What was the name of the plane to drop the SECOND atomic bomb on Japan in WW II = bock's car +True or False: Kermit the Frog has 11 points on his collar around his neck = true +True or False: Harvard uses "Yale" brand locks on their buildings = true +True or False: Yale uses "Best" brand locks on their building = true +True or False: There are more Samoans in Los Angeles than on American Samoa = true +Whats is soccer legend Pele's real name = edson arantes do nascimento +True or False: Both Fleet Commanders in the Pacific Theater of World War II Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto for the Japanese, and Admiral Chester Nimitz for theUnited States were each missing 3 fingers as a result of accidents while younger officers onboard ship = false, 2 +On March 29, 1848, Niagara Falls stopped flowing for 30 hours. What caused this = ice jam blocking the niagara river +Where is America's largest rosary is located = fatima shrine in holliston, massachusetts +What was the first product to have a UPC bar code on its packaging = wrigley's gum +What is the "you are here" arrow on maps called = ideo locator +WHat does the "J.R.R." in J.R.R.Tolkien stand for = john ronald reuel +What is the country with the biggest percentage of female heads of household = botswana +In English, "four" is the only digit that has the same number of letters as its = value +On the London Underground, one station has adifferent name on two of its platforms. They are = bank & monument +A pregnant goldfish is called a = twit +Duelling is legal in Paraguay as long as both parties are registered = blood donors +The metal part of a lamp that surrounds the bulb and supports the shade is called a = harp +The metal part at the end of a pencil is twenty percent = sulfur +A pig's penis is shaped like a = corkscrew +The most sensitive finger is the = forefinger +Dublin comes from the Irish Dubh Linn which means = blackpool +Scottish is the language called Gaelic, whereas Irish is actually called = gaeilge +There is actually a word for a 64th note -- a = hemidemisemiquaver +True or False: No words in the English language rhyme with orange, silver or purple = true +When is it impossible to sneeze = with your eyes open +Paul McCartney's mother was a = midwife +A baby eel is called an = elver +A baby oyster is called a = spat +There are only how many letters in the Hawaiian alphabet = twelve = 12 +Fossilized dinosaur droppings are called = coprolites +Rabbits love this black stuff = licorice +Ogdensburg, New York is the only city in the United States situated what river = st lawrence +Gilligan of Gilligan's Island had a first name that was only used once, on the never-aired pilot show. His first name was = willy +In England, the Speaker of the House is not allowed to = speak +What color do turnips turn when sunburnt = green +A flamingo can eat only when its head is = upside down +An elephant can be pregnant for up to how many years = two = 2 +Your left lung is smaller than your right lung to make room for your = heart +Heroin is the brand name of morphine once marketed by = bayer +One of the many Tarzans, Karmuela Searlel, was mauled to death on the set by a = elephant +A game of pool is referred to as a = frame +The Soviet Sukhoi-34 is the first strike fighter with a _____ in it = toilet +During WWII, Americans tried to train bats to = drop bombs +Swahili is a combination of African tribal languages = arabic & portuguese +An enneahedron is solid with ho many faces = nine = 9 +There are more _____ than any other kind of creature in the world = beetles +Jean Harlow was the first actress to appear on the cover of ____ magazine = life +Shrimps' hearts are in their = heads +Charlie Brown's father was a = barber +The most common name in the world is = mohammed +Pickled herrings were invented in what year = 1375 +Bank robber John Dillinger played professional = baseball +The housefly hums in the middle octave, key of = f +The only capital letter in the Roman alphabet with exactly one endpoint is = p +The longest time someone has typed on a typewriter continuously is ____ hours, set by Violet Gibson Burns = 264 +Hydroxydesoxycorticosterone and hydroxydeoxycorticosterones are the largest = anagrams +Only one person in two billion will live to be ___ or older = 116 +A cat has __ muscles in each ear = thirty two = 32 +Tigers have striped ____, not just striped fur = skin +Gerald Ford pardoned Robert E. Lee posthumously of all crimes of = treason +The band Duran Duran got their name from an astronaut in the 1968 Jane Fonda movie = barbarella +A Laforte fracture is a fracture of all _____ bones = facial +There is a word in the English language with only one vowel, which occurs six times = indivisibility +Cleo and Caesar were the early stage names of = sonny & cher +Genghis Khan's original name was = temujin +Genghis Khan started out as a = goatherd +The two lines that connect your top lip to the bottom of your nose are known as the = philtrum +The dirt road that General Washington and his soldiers took to fight off General Clinton during the Battle of Monmouth was called the = burlington path +Lucifer is latin for = light bringer +Satan means = adversary +Devil means = liar +The "wild" horses of western North America are actually _____, not wild = feral +When two words are combined to form a single word (e.g., motor + hotel = motel, breakfast + lunch = brunch) the new word is called a = portmanteau +Every photograph of an American atomic bomb detonation was taken by = harold edgerton +The longest recorded flight of a chicken is = thirteen seconds = 13 seconds +The muzzle of a lion is like a fingerprint -- no two lions have the same pattern of = whiskers +Wilma Flinestone's maiden name was = wilma slaghoopal +Betty Rubble's Maiden name was = betty jean mcbricker +When ocean tides are at their highest, they are called = spring tides +When ocean tides are at their lowest, they are call = neap tides +Mice, whales, elephants, giraffes and man all have seven = neck vertebra +Sunbeams that shine down through the clouds are called = crepuscular rays +Very small clouds that look like they have been broken off of bigger clouds are called = scuds +The poisonous copperhead smells like fresh cut = cucumbers +In Disney's "Fantasia", the Sorcerer's name is Disney spelt backwards = yensid +When angered, the ears of Tazmanian devils turn what color = pinkish red +The roads on the island of Guam are made with = coral +The sand on the beaches of Guam is actually = ground coral +What country is the world leader in cobalt mining, producing two-thirds of the world's cobalt supply = zaire +The only person ever to decline a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction was Sinclair Lewis for his book = arrowsmith +A poem written to celebrate a wedding is called an = epithalamium +These letters define what - AA = alcoholics anonymous +These letters define what - AI = artificial intelligence +These letters define what - AKA = also known as +These letters define what - ASAP = as soon as possible +These letters define what - ATM = automated teller machine +These letters define what - AT&T = american telephone and telegraph +These letters define what - AWOL = absent without leave +These letters define what - BBC = british broadcasting corporation +These letters define what - BLT = bacon, lettuce, tomato +These letters define what - BYOB = bring your own beer +These letters define what - CB = citizen's band +These letters define what - CBS = columbia broadcasting system +These letters define what - CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation +These letters define what - DOA = dead on arrival +These letters define what - ER = emergency room +These letters define what - ETA = estimated time of arrival +These letters define what - FAQ = frequently asked questions +These letters define what - GPS = global positioning system +These letters define what - HIV = human immunodefficiency virus +These letters define what - IRA = irish republican army +These letters define what - KIA = killed in action +These letters define what - LCD = liquid crystal display +These letters define what - LED = light emitting diode +These letters define what - MASH = mobile army surgical hospital +These letters define what - MIA = missing in action +These letters define what - MIT = massachusetts institute of technology +These letters define what - MO = modus operandi +These letters define what - MP = military police +These letters define what - NATO = north atlantic treaty organization +These letters define what - NBA = national basketball association +These letters define what - NBC = national broadcasting company +These letters define what - NFL = national football league +These letters define what - NHL = national hockey league +These letters define what - NOW = national organization of women +These letters define what - PBS = public broadcasting system +These letters define what - PDQ = pretty damned quick +These letters define what - POTUS = president of the united states +These letters define what - POW = prisoner of war +These letters define what - PSI = pounds per square inch +These letters define what - PVC = polyvinyl chloride +These letters define what - RCA = radio corporation of america +These letters define what - RDA = recommended daily allowance +These letters define what - RNA = ribonucleic acid +These letters define what - ROM = read only memory +These letters define what - ROTC = reserve officers training corps +These letters define what - SPF = sun protection factor +These letters define what - SRO = standing room only +These letters define what - STD = sexually transmitted disease +These letters define what - SWAK = sealed with a kiss +These letters define what - SWAT = special weapons and tactics +These letters define what - TGIF = thank god it's friday +These letters define what - UHF = ultra high frequency +These letters define what - UNESCO = united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization +These letters define what - UNICEF = united nations international children's emergency fund +These letters define what - URL = uniform resource locator +These letters define what - VCR = video cassette recorder +These letters define what - VHF = very high frequency +These letters define what - VHS = video home system +These letters define what - WAC = women's army corps +These letters define what - WC = water closet +These letters define what - WYSIWYG = what you see is what you get +These letters define what - Y2K = year 2000 +These letters define what - ZIP = zone improvement plan +These letters define what - ASCII = american standard code for information exchange +These letters define what - AMOCO = american oil company +These letters define what - BB = ball bearing +These letters define what - DEW = distant early warning +These letters define what - ESPN = entertainment and sports programming network +These letters define what - FORTRAN = formula translation +These letters define what - GATT = general agreement on tariffs and trade +These letters define what - GIGO = garbage in, garbage out +These letters define what - HDL = high density lipoprotein +These letters define what - LDL = low density lipoprotein +These letters define what - HUMVEE = high mobility multi purpose wheeled vehicle +These letters define what - ICBM = inter continental ballistics missile +These letters define what - JPL = jet propulsion laboratory +These letters define what - LASER = light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation +These letters define what - MASER = microwave amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation +These letters define what - MG = morris & garash +These letters define what - NEC = nippon electronics corporation +These letters define what - NSA = national security administration +These letters define what - NORAD = north american air defense command +These letters define what - OCR = optical character recognition +These letters define what - OSHA = occupational safety and health administration +These letters define what - Parsec = parallax second +These letters define what - PPP = point to point protocol +These letters define what - PT = patrol torpedo +These letters define what - SAR = search and rescue +These letters define what - SOP = standard operating procedure +These letters define what - TIFF = tag image file format +These letters define what - TTY = teletypewriter +These letters define what - WAVES = women accepted for volunteer emergency service +These letters define what - WNL = within normal limits +These letters define what - CAT = computerized axial tomography +These letters define what - COBOL = common business oriented language +These letters define what - CONUS = continental united states +These letters define what - GAF = general aniline and film +These letters define what - HDPE = high density polyethylene +These letters define what - JVC = japan victor company +These letters define what - LDPE = low density polyethylene +These letters define what - MCI = microwave communications of america +These letters define what - M&M = mars & murray +These letters define what - MRI = magnetic resonance imaging +These letters define what - MIDI = musical instrument digital interface +These letters define what - SCSI = small computer serial interface +These letters define what - TDK = tokyo denki kogaku +North American Indians ate Watercress to dissolve gravel and stones in the _______ = bladder +In Russia, suppositories cut from fresh potatoes were used for quick relief of ______ = haemorrhoids +A salt enema used to be given to children to rid them of _______ = threadworms +Powdered Tea was once used as a snuff to stop bleeding _______ = noses +A decoction of dandelion roots and leaves is an old remedy for dissolving urinary _______ = stones +Comfrey (herb) baths were popular before the wedding night to attempt to repair the hymen and thereby apparently restore _______ = virginity +The thyroid cartilage is more commonly known as the _____ = adam's apple +Stroking the sole of the foot is used by doctor's to produce _______ = the babinski effect +Insulin is produced in the _________ = pancreas +Acute hasopharyngitis is more commonly known as a ______ = cold +Keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea which may lead to _________ = blindness +Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of the ______ = ovaries +Sperm is the smallest single ____ in a mans body = cell +Estragon protects against _____ disease = heart +Hair, prompted by testosterone, grows faster in men in anticipation of _____ = sex +An average, in America, three sex change operations are performed _______ = every day +In 1977, Napoleon's _____ was sold in Paris for about US $3 800 to an American urologist = penis +The most sensitive cluster of nerves is at the base of the ____ = spine +In 1855, dentist Robert Arthur was the first to use ____ to fill cavities = gold +The fleshy muscular organ joined to the hyoid bone is the ____ = tongue +Quinine is an alkaloid extract of the bark of the _______ tree = cinchona +By raising your legs slowly and laying on your back, you can't sink in ________ = quicksand +An Eskimo would be ingesting toxic doses of Vitamin A if he ate a polar bears ______ = liver +Smallpox is also known as _______ = variola +The disease Tuberculosis, is best known as ________ = consumption +Victorian women tried to enlarge their breasts by bathing in _______ = strawberries +The fissure of Rolando, would be found in the ________ = human brain +Iron deficiency causes the most common form of _________ = anaemia +Red blood cells are produced in the ________ = bone marrow +The smallest bone in the body is the ______ = stirrup +The Mount of Jupiter and the Girdle of Venus are found on the _________ = palm of your hand +The Auricularis muscles are used to move the____ = ears +The vaccine for ________ was developed in 1798 = smallpox +In the United States, 1982, the painkiller 'Tylenol' was spiked with = cyanide +The normal body temperature in ___ degrees Celsius = thirty seven = 37 +In 1982, Englishman William Hall committed suicide by drilling holes into his head with a power drill . . . it took ___ holes = eight = 8 +The rate of Quadruplets are 1 (set) in every __________ births = 490,000 +A person suffering from polythelia has 3 _______ = nipples +Clinophobia is a fear of = beds +The human brain is __% water = eighty = 80 +The brain uses more than __% of the oxygen used by the human body = twenty five = 25 +The nose continues to _____ throughout your life = grow +Blonde beards grow ______ than darker beards = faster +The left side of the brain is usually responsible for the control of = speech +The space between two adjacent neurones is called the = synapse +The crystalline quartz, Amethyst was once believed to prevent = drunkenness +Sigmund Freud brought his first sample of _______ for $1.27 per gram = coccaine +The septum linguae is found on the = tongue +Stroking the sole of the foot produces the ______ reflex = babinski +During a orchidectomy, a man has a _______ removed = testicle +The medical term for a black eye is = circumorbital haematoma +Medical experts say you should sleep on your right side to improve _____ = digestion +The largest cell in the human body is the female reproductive cell = the ovum +The smallest cell in the human body is the = male sperm +There are over 100 million light sensitive cells in the = retina +The opposite of 'cross-eyed' is = wall eyed +From the age of thirty, humans gradually begin to ______ in size = shrink +A tincture of opium, was a common sedative in Victorian times = laudanum +In the early Twentieth century, rattlesnake venom was used to treat _____ = epilepsy +The human body contains about sixthy thousand miles of _____ _______ = blood vessels +The surface area of a human lung is equal to a = tennis court +The human body transmits nerve impulses at about __ metres a second = ninety = 90 +Spread out, the walls of the human intestines would cover an area of about = one hundred square feet +The hydrochloric acid in the human stomach is strong enough to dissolve a = nail +There are ______ phalanges (finger bones) in a human hand = fourteen = 14 +In 1979 Dr. Christian Barnard was offered ________ by the American National Enquirer to perform a human head transplant = $250,000 +Most people have lost fifty per cent of their taste buds by the time they reach the age of = sixty = 60 +The amount of carbon in the human body is enough to fill about _____ 'lead' pencils = 9,000 +Cancer claims ____ victims an hour in America = forty = 40 +In the English hospitals of the seventeenth century, children were entitled to ___ gallons of beer as part of their weekly diet = two = 2 +Podobromhidrosis is more commonly known as = smelly feet +If a surgeon in Ancient Egypt lost a patient while performing an operation, his hands were = cut off +Men have on average __% more red blood cells than women = ten = 10 +New Zealand's first hospital was opened in = 1843 +One square inch of human skin contains ___ sweat glands = 625 +When you blush, your also ___________ reddens = stomach lining +The largest muscle in the human body is the = buttock muscle +The Islands of Langerhans won't be found on a map, they're a group of cells located in the = pancreas +Every time you step forward, you use ________ muscles = fifty four = 54 +A Rhinologist specialises in the human = nose +If you could remove all the space from the atoms that make up your body, you could walk through the = eye of a needle +A chromosome is large than a = gene +The average human brain weighs ___ kg = 1.3 +Eighty per cent of all body heat escapes through the = head +The Black Death claimed roughly __________ lives in the thirteenth century = forty million = 40,000,000 +The human wrist contains more bones than the = ankle +Someone who grinds their teeth is a = bruxomaniac +If the present birth rate continues, New York city will have a black majority by the = end of the century +In 1562 a man was dug up six hours after his burial, after he had been seen breathing by someone at the funeral - he lived for another ___ years = seventy five = 75 +Physcrophilia is the sexual arousal by = cold +If __% of the human liver was removed, it could still function and would eventually restore itself to its original size = eighty = 80 +There is more pigment in ______ eyes than blue = brown +Nearly a quarter of all human bones can be found in the = feet +The ' funny bone' is not a bone but a = nerve +Most people blink about ______ times a day = 25,000 +The human body has enough fat to produce ___ bars of soap = seven = 7 +The human head is a quarter of our total length at birth, but only an eighth of our total length by the time we reach = adulthood +There is no single word given to describe the back of the = knee +From fertilisation to birth, a baby's weigh increase ________ times = five billion +The woman of the Brazilin Apinaly Tribe bite their mates eyebrows during = intercourse +Thomas Wedders, the English circus freak, had a _____ which was seven and a half inches long = nose +The human body has less muscles in it than a = caterpillar +Men are ten times more likely to be ________ than women = color blind +An eighteenth century woman used only lard to 'wash' her face and hands and lived to the age of = one hundred & sixteen = 116 +The liver is the largest internal organ weighing about ____ kilograms = 10.5 +Human adults breathe about _____ time a day = 23,000 +It requires __ muscles to raise your eyebrows = thirty = 30 +The most common form of cancer is _____ cancer = skin +The Middle ear and the Pharynx are joined with the ________ tube = eustachian +The Extensor digiti minimi manus is used to extend the = little finger +If you are a universal donor your blood group is = type o +When recognising someone's face, you use the ___ side of your brain = right +When Albert Einstein died, his final words died with him. The nurse at his side didn't understand = german +St Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland, was not = irish +The lance ceased to be an official battle weapon in the British Army in = 1927 +St. John was the only one of the 12 _____ to die a natural death = apostles +Many sailors used to wear ____ earrings so that they could afford a proper burial when they died = gold +Some very Orthodox Jew refuse to speak Hebrew, believing it to be a language reserved only for the = prophets +A South African monkey was once awarded a medal and promoted to the rank of _______ during World War I = corporal +Because they had no proper rubbish disposal system, the streets of ancient ___________ became literally knee-deep in rubbish = mesopotamia +The _______, Seventh-century native Mexicans, went into battle with wooden swords so as not to kill their enemies = toltecs +China banned the pigtail in 1911 as it was seen as a symbol of = feudalism +The Amayra guides of Bolivia are said to be able to keep pace with a trotting horse for a distance of = 100 kilometres +Sliced bread was patented by Mrs P. Ride, a mother of 5, on 1 April = 1954 +Ivan the terrible claimed to have 'deflowered thousands of virgins and butchered a similar number of resulting = offspring +Before the Second World War, it was considered a sacrilege to even touch an = emperor of japan +An American aircraft in Vietnam shot ______ down with one of its missiles = itself +Ancient drinkers warded off the devil by _____ their cups = clinking +The cost of the first pay-toilets installed in England was = tuppence +Pogonophobia is the fear of = beards +In 1647 the English Parliament abolished = christmas +King George III was declared violently insane in ___, 9 years before he died = 1811 +In Ancient Peru, when a woman found an 'ugly' _______, it was the custom for her to push it into the face of the nearest man = potato +When George I became King of England in 1714, his wife did not become Queen. He placed her under house arrest for ____ years = thirty two = 32 +The richest 10 per cent of the French people are approximately _____ times better off than the poorest 10 per cent = fifty +Henry VII was the only British King to be crowned on the = field of battle +During World War One, the future Pope John XXIII was a _______ in the Italian Army = sergeant +Richard II died aged __ in 1400. A hole was left in the side of his tomb so people could touch his royal head, but 376 years later some took advantage of this and stole his ______ = 33 & jawbone +The magic word "Abracadabra" was originally intended for the specific purpose of curing = hay fever +The Puritans forbade the singing of ______ ______, judging them to be out of keeping with the true spirit of Christmas = christmas Carols +Albert Einstein was once offered the Presidency of _____. He declined saying he had no head for problems = israel +Uri Geller, the professional psychic was born on December 20 ____ = 1946 +As to the origin of his alleged powers, Uri Geller maintains that they come from the distant planet of = hoova +Ralph and Carolyn Cummins had ____ children between 1952 and 1966, all were born on the 20 February = five = 5 +John D. Rockefeller gave away over US$ _________ during his lifetime = 500,000,000 +In the 1970's, the Rhode Island Legislature in the US entertained a proposal that there be a $2 tax on every act of _____ ____ in the State = sexual intercourse +Widows in equatorial ____ actually wear sackcloth and ashes when attending a funeral = africa +The British did not release the body of Napoleon Bonaparte to the French until _____ days after his death = twenty = 20 +John Glenn, the American who first orbited the Earth, was showered with ______ tonnes of ticker tape when he got back = 3,529 +American Red Indians used to name their children after the first thing they saw as they left their _____ subsequent to the birth. Hence such strange names as Sitting Bull and Running Water = tepees +Catherine the First of Russia, made a rule that no man was allowed to get drunk at one of her parties before ____ o'clock = nine = 9 +Queen Elizabeth I passed a law which forced everyone except for the rich to wear a flat cap on = sundays +In 1969 the shares of the Australian company 'Poseidon' were worth $1, one year later they were worth $___ each = 280 +Julius Caesar wore a laurel wreath to cover the onset of = baldness +Ernest Bevin, Minister of Labour during World War II, left school at the age of = eleven = 11 +It is illegal to be a prostitute in Siena,Italy, if your name is = mary +The Turk's consider it considered unlucky to step on a = piece of bread +The authorities do not allow tourists to take pictures of ______ in Zambia = pygmies +The Dutch in general prefer their french fries with = mayonnaise +Sir Isaac Newton was obsessed with the = occult and supernatural +One of Queen Victoria's wedding gifts was a 3 metre diameter, half tonne = cheese +Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, never phones his wife or his mother, they were both = deaf +It was considered unfashionable for Venetian women, during the Renaissance to have anything but _____ _____ hair = silvery blonde +Queen Victoria was one of the first women ever to use ________ to combat pain during childbirth = chloroform +Atilla the Hun is thought to have been a = dwarf +The warriors tribes of ________ used to hang the testicles of those they killed in battle on the ends of their spears = ethiopia +There are over _____ religious denominations in the United States = two hundred = 200 +Eau de Cologne was originally marketed as a way of protecting yourself against the = plague +Charles the Simple was the grandson of Charles the Bald, both were rulers of = france +Gabriel and Michael are the only 2 angels to be named in the = bible +The women of an African tribe make themselves more attractive by permanently ______ their faces = scaring +Some moral purists in the Middle Ages believed that women's ____ ought to be covered up because the Virgin Mary had conceived a child through them = ears +Hindus don't like dying in bed, they prefer to die beside a = river +While at Havard University, Edward Kennedy was suspended for cheating on a _____ exam = spanish +It is a criminal offence to drive around in a dirty car in = russia +The mad Emperor Caligula once decided to go to war with the Roman God of the sea, Poseidon, and ordered his soldiers to throw their spears into the _____ at random = water +The Ecuadorian poet, José Olmedo, has a statue in his honour in his home country. But, unable to commission a sculptor, due to limited funds, the government brought a second-hand statue .. Of the English poet = lord byron +In ______, at only 7 years old, Charles Sauson inherited the post of official executioner = 1726 +In parts of _____, the women keep harems of men = malaya +The childrens' nursery rhyme 'Ring-a-Ring-a-Roses' actually refers to the Black Death which killed about ______ people in the fourteenth-century = 30,000,000 +During the reign of Elizabeth I, there was a tax put on men's = beards +Idi Amin, one of the most ruthless tyrants in the world, before coming to power, served in the = british army +Some Eskimos have been known to use _________ to keep their food from freezing = refrigerators +It is illegal to play tennis in the streets of = cambridge +Custer was the youngest General in US history, he was promoted at the age of = twenty three = 23 +It costs more to send someone to reform school than it does to send them to = eton +The American pilot Charles Lindbergh received the Service Cross of the German Eagle from _____ _____ in 1938 = hermann goering +The active ingredient in Chinese Bird's nest soup is = saliva +It was quite common for the men of Ancient Greece to exercise in public ...... = naked +John Paul Getty, once the richest man in the world, had a ______ in his mansion = payphone +Iceland is the world's oldest functioning = democracy +The national flag of _____ was designed by Napoleon Bonaparte = italy +The Matami Tribe of West Africa play a version of football, the only difference being that they use a ____ ____ instead of a more normal ball = human skull +John Winthrop introduced the fork to the American dinner table for the first time on 25 June = 1630 +Abraham Lincoln was shot with a = derringer +When shipped to the US, the London bridge ( thought by the new owner to be the more famous Tower Bridge ) was classified by US customs to be a 'large = antique +Sir Winston Churchill was born in a ladies' cloakroom after his mother went into labour during a dance at = blenheim palace +In _____, David Atchison became President of the United States for just one day, and he spent most of the day sleeping = 1849 +Between the two World War's, France was controlled by ___ different governments = forty +The 'Crystal Palace' at the Great Exhibition of 1851, contained ______ square metres of glass = 92,900 +It was the custom in Ancient Rome for the men to place their right hand on their testicles when taking an oath. The modern term _______ is derived from this tradition = testimony +Sir Winston Churchill's mother was descended from a = red indian +The study of stupidity is called = monology +More money is spent each year on alcohol and cigarettes than on = life insurance +In ____ - 3 men were hung for the murder of Sir Edmund Berry at Greenbury Hill, their last names were Green, Berry , and Hill = 1911 +A firm in Britain sold fall-out shelters for = pets +During the seventeen century , the Sultan of Turkey ordered his entire harem of women _____, and replace with a new one = drowned +There are no clocks in Las Vegas _____ = casinos +The Great Pyramid of Giza consists of _________ blocks each weighing 2.5 tons = 2,300,000 +On 9 February ____, soap rationing began in Britain = 1942 +Paul Revere was a = dentist +A parthenophobic has a fear of = virgins +South American gauchos were known to put raw steak under their saddles before starting a day's riding, in order to ______ the meat = tenderise +There are _______ white dots in a Pacman arcade game = two hundred & forty = 240 +In 1939 the US political party 'The American Nazi Party' had _________ members = 200,000 +King Solomon of Israel had about ______ wives as well as hundreds of mistresses = seven hundred = 700 +Urine was once used to = wash clothes +North American Indian, Sitting Bull, died on 15 December = 1890 +St Nicholas, the original Father Christmas, is the patron saint of thieves, virgins and communist = russia +______ is home of the Fairy Investigation Society = dublin +People in Siberia often buy ____ frozen on a stick = milk +Princess Ann was the only competitor at the 1976 Montreal Olympics that did not have to undergo a ____ test = sex +Coffins which are due for cremation are usually made with ______ handles = plastic +Blackbird, who was the chief of _______ Indians, was buried sitting on his favourite horse = omaha +The two highest IQ's ever recorded (on a standard test) both belong to = women +The Imperial Throne of Japan has been occupied by the same family for the last ______ _________ years = thirteen hundred = 1300 +In the seventeenth-century a Boston man was sentenced to two hours in the stocks for obscene behaviour, his crime, kissing his wife in a public place on a = sunday +President Kaunda of ______ once threatened to resign if his fellow countrymen didn't stop drinking so much alcohol = zambia +Due to staggering inflation in the 1920's, 4,000,000,000,000,000,000 ____ _______ were worth 1 US dollar = german marks +The city of ____ ____ contains a district called 'Hell's Kitchen' = new york +The city of ______ left the Industrial Promotion Centre standing as a monument the atomic bombing = hiroshima +During the Medieval Crusades, transporting bodies off the battlefield for burial was a major problem, this was solved by carrying a huge cauldron into the Holy wars, boiling down the bodies, and taking only the _____ with them = bones +A Cicada passes eggs through its = ovipositor +A pigs snout is called a = gruntle +When they mate, a yak and a cow produce a = dzo +A cat's whiskers are called = vibrissae +Goats produce = cashmere +The common term for a member of the bee genus 'Bombus' is the = bumblebee +A turkey's furcula better known as a = wishbone +A 'geep' is the resulting offspring of a sheep and a = goat +The typical housefly cruses at ___ km/hr = eight = 8 +The chemical ______, found in ripe fruit, causes jam to set when cooling = pectin +In 1876, Sir Henery Wickham transported _______ rubber tree seeds from Brazil to Kew Gardens in London = 70,000 +The compound carotene gives the _______ its colour = carrot +Bananas grow pointing = upwards +Kiwi eggs, when not completely white, are tinged with = green +The cucumber is a _____, not a vegetable = fruit +The flying fish has been known to glide up to _____ metres = ninety = 90 +A starfish can turn its ______ inside out = stomach +Sea otters have ______ coats of fur = two = 2 +Hummingbirds can't = walk +A moth has no = stomach +Lobsters have blue = blood +Despite the hump, a camels spine is = straight +1 kg of lemons contain more sugar than 1 kg of = strawberries +The largest eggs in the world are laid by a = shark +Oranges cease to _____ after picking = ripen +More people are killed each year from _____ than snakes = bees +The Siberian ____ accounts for more than 20% of all the worlds trees = larch +Midges beat their wings about ______ time every second = 1,000 +A ____ can last longer without water than a camel can = rat +A mole can dig over ____ feet of tunnel in a single night = 250 +The animal with the largest brain in relation to its body is the = ant +Peanuts are used in the production of = dynamite +What nuts are used in the production of dynamite = peanuts +A crocodiles ______ is attached to the roof of its mouth = tongue +Sharks are immune to = cancer +The blood of a grasshopper is = white +Golden ____ are so rare that a biological reserve has been specifically created for them = toads +The walking _______ can live on land = catfish +96% of a _____ is water = cucumber +The _____ got its name from the corruption of the words ' Day's eye' = daisy +Crocodiles swallow ______ to help them dive deeper = stones +When a rabbit scratches its dowsets, it has itchy = testicles +Mexican jumping beans jump because of a ____ ______ inside the bean = moth larva +A 6 pound sea-hare can lay ______ eggs in a single minute = 40,000 +In 1978 the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation estimated that 'all the tea in China' amounted to approx. _______ tonnes = 356,000 +The ________ is the only animal whose evidence is admissible in an American court = bloodhound +Only the _____ nightingale sings = male +A chameleon's _____ is twice the length of its body = tongue +The black widow spider can devour as many as _______ 'mates' in a single day = twenty = 20 +A woodchuck breathes only ___ times during hibernation = ten = 10 +Goldfish can suffer _____ sickness = motion +When young, black sea basses are mostly female, but at the age of _____ years many switch sexes to male = five = 5 +Gorillas often sleep for up to _______ hours a day = fourteen = 14 +Giraffes are unable to = cough +A 2 year old horse has ___incisors = six = 6 +The last of a cat's senses to develop is = sight +The Ancient Egyptians trained ______ to wait at their tables = baboons +In relation to its size, the ordinary house spider is ______ times faster than an Olympic sprinter = eight = 8 +A millipede has ____ legs on each segment of its body = four = 4 +Sloths spend ____% of their lives asleep = seventy five = 75 +During its lifetime an ______ changes its sex from male to female and back several times = oyster +The ____ was wrongly named after what was thought to be its country of origin = turkey +About 70% of all living organisms in the world are = bacteria +Camels are born without = humps +Many male fish blow bubbles when they want to = copulate +Crocodiles are ______ blind = colour +Snails mate only once in their lifetime, but it can take up to ____ hours = twelve = 12 +Dogs are ________ blind = colour +Anteaters prefer _______ to ants = termites +Baby eels are = elvers +Whales increase in weight 30,000,000,000 times in their first ___ years = two = 2 +There are more ____ in the world than all other animals together = insects +On average, elephants sleep for about ________ per day = two hours = 2 hours +A giraffe's neck contains the same number of ________ as a human = vertebrae +An electric eel produces an average of ____________ volts = four hundred = 400 +Spiders' webs are a traditional natural ______ _______, when applied to a cut they quickly stop the flow of blood = clotting agent +The orang-utan's warning signal to would be aggressors is a loud = belch +The Emu gets its name from the ______ word for ostrich = portuguese +Squid can commit suicide by eating their own = tentacles +A cheetah can accelerate from 0 to _____ in 2 seconds = seventy km/h = 70 km/h +Although Cleopatra was meant to have died after a bite from an ____, the species does not exist in Egypt = asp +The 'Alligator Pear' is better known as the = avocado +Snails can sleep for _____ without eating = three years = 3 years +An Elephant's trunk can hold over _____ litres of water = five = 5 +The largest shark ever caught with a rod was just less than ______ feet long = seventeen = 17 +Bees have ___ eyes = five = 5 +The mullet fish only turns _____ after death = red +The Goliath frog of West Africa is nearly _____ feet long = three = 3 +To make half a kilo of honey, bees must collect nectar from over ___ _______ individual flowers = two million = 2,000,000 +Vampire Bats can hear sound frequencies which are over _____ times higher than any picked up by the human ear = eight = 8 +The male Californian sea-otter grips the nose of the female with his teeth during = mating +The heart of giraffe is two feet long, and can weigh as much as ____ ____ pounds = twenty four = 24 +The smallest trees in the world are Greenland = dwarf willows +A myrmecologist studies = ants +The original source of the dye 'sepia' was the = cuttlefish +Dogs ______ through the pads of their feet = sweat +Only male canaries can = sing +The Kiwi is the only bird with _____ at the end of its bill = nostrils +Shark's teeth are literally as hard as = steel +Turkey's often look up at the sky during a = rainstorm +The only wild camels in the world are found in = australia +At full tilt, Pumas can leap a distance of about ____ feet = sixty = 60 +Crocodiles carry their ____ in their mouths = young +Tarantula's can survive ______ years without food = two & half = 2.5 +It has been estimated that there are something like ____ _____ million cats in the U.S = twenty three = 23 +A sloth can move ______ as fast in water as it can on land = twice +India has a Bill of Rights for = cows +What can run faster uphill than they can (or want to) downhill, because of the bone structure of their legs = bulls +99% of all life forms to exist on Earth are now = extinct +The sperm of a _____ is longer than the sperm of an elephant = mouse +A dog has = elbows +Whales can't swim = backwards +Penguins can jump over ____ feet = six = 6 +Lions have been exported to _____ by Windsor Safari Park in England = africa +An Elephant has the world's largest penis, weighing about _____ kg = twenty seven = 27 +The aquatic animal, the Red Sponge, can be broken into a thousand pieces and still _______ itself = reconstitute +The Moa bird of New Zealand, which became extinct four hundred years ago, was over ____ feet tall = ten = 10 +Australian termites have been known to build mounds ______ feet high = twenty = 20 +Australian termites have been known to build mounds at least ____ feet wide = one hundred = 100 +The ________ is born under water = hippopotamus +Catgut comes from _____ not cats = sheep +Male cats have _____ on their genitals, which cause the females to cry out in pain on withdrawal = barbs +The average porcupine has about _______ quills = 30,000 +Cats have no facility for tasting = sugar +Only ___ mosquitoes bite = female +It takes _______ to hardboil an ostrich egg = four hours = 4 hours +The nerve fibres in the squid are ____ times thicker than a humans' = five hundred = 500 +A shark must keep ___ ____ to stay alive = moving forward +Fish are the only vertebrates that outnumber = birds +Some snakes can take as long as ______ _______ hours to copulate = twenty four = 24 +Polar bears can run as fast as _______ km/h = forty = 40 +A ______ is capable of devouring a pig whole = python +The ordinary house-fly beats its wings nearly ____ _______ times a second = two hundred = 200 +Rhinoceros horn, when powered, is believed in some countries to increase a persons = sexual potency +A mosquito has _____ teeth = forty seven = 47 +An anencephalous creature has no = brain +A large whale needs more than _____ tonnes of food a day = two = 2 +Pedals were added to the bicycle in = 1839 +The early personal computer, the Sinclair ZX80, had _________ of internal memory = 1 kilobyte +Allied bombers were issued with Biro pens as pens leaked at high altitude = fountain +The Dotmatrix printer was developed for the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games by the Japanese company = seiko +The worlds longest escalator is in Leningrad Metro, ______ metres long = one hundred & twenty = 120 +The fluorescent tube uses ___% of the power to produce an equal amount of light as a tungsten filament bulb = twenty = 20 +The tip of a rotary mower travels at over _____ km/hr = two hundred = 200 +In an atom, the electron weighs _________ th of the weight of the proton = 1/2000 +The world's oldest man-made alloy is = bronze +Rainfall is measured with a = ombrometer +The 'screwdriver' was invented by _______, who used the tool to stir the drink = oilmen +Polytetrafluoroethylene is more commonly known as = teflon +Ammonia is the active ingredient in = smelling salts +When hydrogen burns in the air, _______ is formed = water +Near-sighted model, Grace Robin was the first to show off contact lenses in = 1930 +The diameter of wool is measured in = microns +Gunpowder is formed after mixing charcoal, ______ and sulphur = saltpetre +Gunpowder is formed after mixing charcoal, saltpetre and _______ = sulphur +Plutonium was developed by deuteron bombardment of uranium-238 in a = cyclotron +Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen make up ______% of the human body = ninety = 90 +The revolving door was invented in = 1888 +Cars were first started with ignition keys in = 1949 +The three primary colours are red, yellow and blue. The three secondary colours are = green, orange & purple +The first washing machine was marketed by Hurley Machine Co in = 1907 +Pearls melt in = vinegar +Twenty two carat gold has _____ parts per thousand pure gold = 916 +A shadow of a four-dimensional object would have _____ dimensions = three = 3 +What color light has the greatest wavelength = red +Brimstone, referred to in the Bible and some Alchemy text, is = sulphur +Nicotinic acid is listed on breakfast cereal boxes as = niacin +The hottest flame known is produced with carbon subnitride (C4N2), which can generate a temperature of ____°C = 4988 +Ninety eight per cent of the weight of water is made up from = oxygen +For every extra kilogram carried on a space flight, _____ kg of excess fuel are needed at lift-off = 530 +Sugar was first added to chewing gum in ____ . . . by a dentist ( William Semple) = 1869 +A full loaded supertanker travelling at normal speed takes a least ______ minutes to stop = twenty = 20 +Paper money was first used in = china +Some soft drinks are made sweeter by adding = coal +Albert Einstein was thought to be suffering from dyslexia, as he couldn't speak properly until he was _____ years old = nine = 9 +The Chinese used fingerprints as a method of identification as far back as AD = seven hundred = 700 +Sir Isaac Newton was only _______ ______ years old when he discovered the law of universal gravitation = twenty three = 23 +A flush toilet exists that dates back to = 2000 bc +No matter its size or thickness, no piece of paper can be folded in half more than ______ times = seven = 7 +Just after the first moon walk, Pan-American Airlines announced that they were willing to take enquires about future commercial flights to the moon. They received ________ requests almost immediately = 80,000 +When cutting a diamond with a laser, _______ dust is formed = graphite +The metal ______ will melt in the heat of your hands = gallium +A Boeing 707 uses _____ _____ gallons of petrol in its take-off climb = four thousand = 4000 +The study of soil is = paedology +The Lie Detector was invented by John Augustus Larson in = 1921 +Another term for pure china clay is = kaolin +Soap was originally made by boiling fat and adding ____ to it = lye +The active ingredient in smelling salts is = ammonia +Light is ______ ______ radiation = electro magnetic +Minus ______ degrees Celsius is exactly the same as minus _____ degrees Fahrenheit = forty = 40 +The screwdriver was invented before the = screw +The first taxi with metered fares were operational in = 1907 +Rubber is an impertinent ingredient in the manufacture of = bubble gum +The zeppelin 'The Hindenburg' which exploded in a huge fireball, was filled with = hydrogen +Speleology is the study of = caves +The wristwatch was invented by Louis Cartier in = 1904 +The stratosphere is higher than the = troposphere +It snowed in the Sahara desert on 18 February = 1979 +On average, an iceberg weighs __________ tons = twenty million = 20,000,000 +The far side of the moon was first photographed by a Russian satellite in = 1959 +Captain Cook was the first man to set foot on all continents except = antarctica +The diameter of the Moon is ______ km = 3,476 +200 million years ago Earth contained 1 land mass called = pangaea +The largest wave ever recorded was near the Japanese Island of Ishigaki in 1971. It was recorded at ______metres high = eighty five = 85 +The largest iceberg recorded ( in 1956 ) was 200 miles long and 60 miles wide, larger that the country of = belgium +The surface of the Dead Sea is _______ metres below the surface of the Mediterranean Sea, which is only 75 km away = four hundred = 400 +The country of Benin changed its name from Dahomey in = 1975 +The Nova Zemlya Glacier in the (former) USSR is over _____ km long = four hundred = 400 +The coldest temperature ever recorded was ____ deg Celsius, in Siberia = -70 +The US state of Florida first saw the cultivation of oranges in = 1539 +The world's largest exporter of sugar is = cuba +There are no rivers in = saudi arabia +England's Stonehenge is ______ years older than Rome's Colosseum = fifteen hundred = 1500 +In 1896, Britain and Zanzibar were at war for _____ minutes = thirty eight = 38 +Numbering houses in London streets only began in = 1764 +More than 75% of all the countries in the world are _____ of the equator = north +Less than 1% of the ________ Islands are inhabited = caribbean +On average, an iceberg weighs __________ tons = twenty million = 20,000,000 +Fulgurite is formed when lightning strikes = sand +Mountains are formed by a process called = orogeny +Obsidian, used by American Indians for tools, weapons and ornaments, is dark _______ glass = volcanic +It takes 8.5 minutes for light to get from the ____ to earth = volcanic +82% of the workers on the Panama Canal suffered from = malaria +The tree dictated on the Lebanese flag is a = cedar +The _____ Ocean covers the world's longest mountain range = atlantic +In 1825 Upper Peru became = bolivia +New York City contains ________ kilometres of shoreline = nine hundred & twenty = 920 +There are 3 Great pyramids at = giza +The world's largest delta was created by the river = ganges +60% of all US potato products originate in = idaho +The northern most country claiming part of Antarctica is = norway +The inhabitants of ________ are known as 'Monegasques' = monaco +New York's Central Park opened in = 1876 +The city of Istanbul straddles two separate continents, ______ & _______ = europe & asia +At the nearest point , Russia and America are less than ____ km apart = four = 4 +99% of the solar systems mass is concentrated in the = sun +The furthest point from any ocean would be in = china +The Tibetan Mountain people use yak's milk as their form of = currency +The Spanish Inquisition once condemned the entire _______ to death for heresy = netherlands +Earth is the only planet not named after a = god +The Angel falls in Venezuela are nearly _________ times taller than Niagara falls = twenty = 20 +The Channel between England and France grows about ______ millimetres each year = three hundred = 300 +Until the 18th century ____ produced almost all the worlds diamonds = india +As the Pacific plate moves under its coast, the ______ Island of New Zealand is getting larger = north +If you travel from east to west across the Soviet Union, you will cross _____ time zones = seven = 7 +Sahara mean _______ in Arabic = desert +Every litre of water taken from the Red Sea would contain about _____ grams of salt = two hundred = 200 +Lighting strikes the Earth about ______ times a second = two hundred = 200 +Very hard rain would pour down at the rate of about _____ miles per hour = twenty = 20 +No rain has ever been recorded falling in the Atacama desert in = chile +The background radiation in ________ is twice that of the rest of Great Britain = aberdeen +The southern most tip of Africa is not the 'Cape of Good Hope' but = cape agulhas +Due to gravitational effects, you weigh slightly less when the moon is directly = overhead +The tower of London, during its lifetime has served many purposes, including a = zoo +There is a village near the Somme in ______ which is simply called Y = france +In the north of _______, the sun shines constantly for about 14 weeks each summer = norway +The Polynesian country of _______ is a 170 square kilometre limestone rock emerging 60 metres from the Pacific = niue +Yugoslavia is bordered by _____ other countries = seven = 7 +Within a few years of Columbus' discovery of America, the ______ had killed one and a half million Indians = spaniards +Hawaii officially became apart of the US on June 14, = 1900 +If the population of China walked past you in single file, the line would never end because of the rate of = reproduction +The earth's average velocity orbiting the sun is _________ km per hour = 107,220 +The sun has a core temperature of ________ Kelvin = 154,000,000 +A day on Jupiter is about ____ hours, 50 minutes, 30 seconds at the equator = nine = 9 +Carolyn Shoemaker has discovered 32 comets and approximately ______ asteroids = eight hundred = 800 +The Earth is pear shaped, the North Pole radius being ____ mm longer than the South Pole radius = forty four = 44 +'Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu' is the name of a hill in = new Zealand +The book by Copernicus, which suggested that the Sun and not the Earth was the centre of the solar system, was banned officially banned by the Papacy until = 1835 +A quarter of Russia is covered by = forest +South Africa produces two-thirds of the world's = gold +What is the densest planet in the solar system = earth +There is no point in England more than _____ miles from the ocean = seventy five = 75 +The ____ sea is not mentioned in the Bible = red +England is smaller than = new england +The number of UFO sightings constantly increase when _____ is nearest the Earth = mars +The first city in the world to have a population of over one million was = london +New York was once = new amsterdam +The fastest tectonic movement on earth is 240 mm per year, at the Tonga micro-plate near = samoa +In 1980 Rhodesia became independent = zimbabwe +The model ape used in the 1933 movie ' King Kong ' was ______ inches tall = eighteen = 18 +There are over ______ verses in the Bible = 30,000 +The tablecloth in da Vinci's Last supper was = white +World heavyweight boxing champion, Gene Tunney also lectured on Shakespeare at _____ University later in his life = yale +William Shakespeare's father's first name was = john +Elzie Crisler Segar created the comic strip character Popeye in = 1919 +The 'Thing', from the movie of the same name, had ___ blood = green +Charles Dickens was an insomniac, who believed his best chance of sleeping was in the centre of a bed facing directly = north +The writer, Rudyard Kipling, only ever used _____ ink = black +John Lennon's middle name was = winston +Over ________ different languages are spoken throughout what used to be known as the Soviet Union = two hundred = 200 +The 3 largest newspaper circulations are = russian +There are ______ semihemidemisemiquavers in a breve = 256 +The subject of the first printed book in England was = chess +Composer Ludwig van Beethoven was once arrested for = vagrancy +Monaco's national _______ is bigger than its army = orchestra +Of the two chipmunks, Chip and Dale, ____ has the black nose = chip +Charlie Chaplain's cane was made of = bamboo +Colophony is a = bow resin +A Penny whistle has ____ finger holes = six = 6 +Turkey has a ban on _______ in films = kissing +EMI stands for = electrical and musical instruments +Leonardo da Vinci played the = viola +Some hotels in Las Vegas have _________ floating in their swimming pools = gambling tables +A hydrodaktulopsychicharmonica is a variety of = musical glasses +The first recorded reference to cricket dates back to = 1272 +The highjump method of jumping head first and landing on their back is called the = fosbury flop +Orienteering originated in = sweden +Snooker originated in = india +A soccer ball has _____ panels = thirty two = 32 +To a yachtsman, a fresh breeze is about _____ knots = twenty = 20 +The collecting of Beer mats is called = tegestology +Grabatology is the collecting of = ties +The Australian term for extras in cricket are = sundries +When kicked in the groin, a soccer player has been = banjoed +What is the middle name of Cassius Clay = marcellus +Pistols were first used in the Olympic games shooting events in = 1984 +Cystallite is the material _________ are made from = snooker balls +How many million kilometres from the Sun is Saturn = 1427 +Saturn is __________ kilometres in diameter = 119,000 +Saturn is __________ miles in diameter = 74,000 +In what year was Pluto discovered = 1930 +Pluto is __________ kilometres in diameter = 6,000 +Pluto is __________ miles in diameter = 3,728 +Mercury is __________ kilometres in diameter = 4,880 +Mercury is __________ miles in diameter = 3,032 +Venus is __________ kilometres in diameter = 12,000 +Venus is __________ miles in diameter = 7,456 +Mars is __________ kilometres in diameter = 6,790 +Mars is __________ miles in diameter = 4,219 +One day on Mercury lasts _____ Earth days = fifty eight = 58 +Venus is ____ million kilometres from the Sun = one hundred & eight = 108 +Mars is ____ million kilometres from the Sun = two hundred & twenty eight = 228 +Jupiter is _________ kilometres in diameter = 143,000 +Jupiter is _________ miles in diameter = 89,000 +Jupiter is ____ million kilometres from the Sun = seven hundred & seventy eight = 778 +Neptune is _________ million kilometres from the Sun = 4,500 +Uranus is ______ kilometres in diameter = 52,000 +Uranus is ______ miles in diameter = 32,000 +Uranus is ______ million kilometres from the Sun = 2,870 +Earth is ______ kilometres in diameter = 3,476 +Earth is ______ miles in diameter = 2,160 +Earth is ______ million kilometres from the Sun = one hundred & fifty = 150 +One "day" on Mercury lasts more than ___ Earth days = fifty eight = 58 +Venus takes nearly ___ Earth days to circle the Sun = two hundred & twenty five = 225 +Mars is sometimes called the ___ planet = red +Mars takes ______ Earth days to circle the sun = six hundred & eighty seven = 687 +Saturn takes just over ____ Earth years to circle the Sun = twenty nine = 29 +When was the last Supernova in our galaxy = 1604 +Gas from a Supernova can travel up to _________ kilometres per second = 10,000 +Gas from a Supernova can travel up to _________ miles per second = 6,000 +One light year is equivalent to how many million kilometres = 9,460,000 +One light year is equivalent to how many million miles = 5,912,500 +When was the first space shuttle launched = april, 1981 +How many signs in the Zodiac = twelve = 12 +What is the Zodiac sign of the scorpion = scorpio +What is the Zodiac sign of the scales = libra +What is the Zodiac sign of the virgin = virgo +What is the Zodiac sign of the lion = leo +What is the Zodiac sign of the crab = cancer +What is the Zodiac sign of the twins = gemini +What is the Zodiac sign of the bull = taurus +What is the Zodiac sign of the ram = aries +What is the Zodiac sign of the water carrier = aquarius +What is the Zodiac sign of the archer = sagittarius +What is the Zodiac sign of the goat = capricorn +What is the Zodiac sign of the fish = pisces +What is the largest of the dinosaur family = brachiosaurus +What does the name "Brachiosaurus" mean = arm lizard +Approximately how tall was the Brachiosaurus, in metres = twelve = 12 +Approximately how long was the Brachiosaurus, in metres = twenty four = 24 +Approximately how long was the Diplodocus, in metres = twenty seven = 27 +While the earth's atmosphere is divided into 4 main zones, which is the highest zone = exosphere +The main elements of the Exosphere are hydrogen and ______ = helium +The Exosphere merges with the _______ = ionosphere +The four main elements of eath's atmosphere are exosphere, ionosphere, stratosphere and __________ = troposphere +What is the largest ocean on earth = pacific +What type of rock is sandstone = sedimentary +Sedimentary rocks are usually formed in _______ = layers +Sedimentary rocks often contain ______ = fossils +Where are metamorphic rocks usually found = mountain ranges +An example of a metamorphic rock is ____ = slate = marble +There are three types of rock - metamorphic, sedimentary and ______ = igneous +An example of an igneous rock is____ = granite = quartz +What is mercury also known as = quicksilver +What is the hardest mineral = diamond +What is the second hardest mineral = corundum +What is one of the softest minerals = aluminite = talc +Most precious stones are minerals, though some come from animals or plants, one of these is = pearl = amber = coral +Gemstones are formed from slowly cooling __________ rocks = igneous +Where are icebergs usually larger = antarctica +What is the monetary unit of Algeria = dinar +What is the monetary unit of Angola = kwanza +What is the monetary unit of Botswana = pula +What is the monetary unit of Cameroon = franc +What is the monetary unit of Chad = franc +What is the monetary unit of Egypt = egyptian pound +What is the monetary unit of Ethiopia = birr +What is the monetary unit of Gambia = dalasi +What is the monetary unit of Ghana = cedi +What is the monetary unit of Kenya = shilling +In ancient Rome, auburn-haired puppies were sacrificed to ensure a plentiful ______ crop = corn +Ostriches live about ____ years and can reproduce for 50 years = seventy five = 75 +In England, the most commonly used guide dog for the blind is the__________ = yellow labrador retriever +Contrary to popular belief, dogs do not sweat by salivating. They sweat through the____________ = pads of their feet +In Korea, the _____ is a symbol of long life, and is often portrayed in the company of immortals = deer +Cougars can kill animals ______ times their size = eight = 8 +The venom of the king cobra is so deadly that one gram of it can kill ______ people = one hundred and fifty = 150 +The Virginia opossum is the only marsupial (pouched mammal) indigenous to __________ = north america +The Virginia opossum have a litter size of up to ____ = twenty two = 22 +The opossum offspring say in their mothers pouch for the first __________ days = sixty = 60 +The largest Great White Shark ever caught measured _______ feet = thirty seven = 37 +The largest Great White Shark ever caught weighed ________ pounds = 24,000 +The largest jellyfish in the world has a bell that can reach _______ feet across = eight = 8 +The burrowing boodie of Australia is the only kangaroo in the world that lives _________ = underground +The whistling swan has more than __________ feathers on its body = 25,000 +Pandas spend about _____ hours a day eating bamboo = twelve = 12 +The white elephant is the sacred animal of _______ = thailand +The largest order of mammals, with about _____ species, is rodents = 1,700 +Bats are second largest order of mammals, with about ______ species = nine hundred and fifty = 950 +In one year, hens in America lay enough eggs to encircle the globe _____ times = one hundred = 100 +The woolly mammoth, extinct since the Ice Age, had tusks almost _____ feet high = sixteen = 16 +The largest species of seahorse measures _____ inches = eight = 8 +In Pakistan, goats are often sacrificed to improve the performance of the________ = stock market +The word "puppy" comes from the French poupee, meaning = doll +The leech has 32 _______ = brains +In Russia, dogs have been trained to sniff out ore deposits that contain _________ = iron sulfides +The word "struthious" refers to something that resembles or is related to ______ = ostriches +The leech will gorge itself up to _____ times its body weight and then just fall off its victim = five = 5 +The chameleon has a tongue that is _______ times the length of its body = 1.5 +In the air, puffins are powerful flyers, beating their wings 300 to 400 times a minute to achieve speeds up to _____ miles per hour = forty = 40 +The world's fastest reptile (measured on land) is the spiny-tailed iguana of Costa Rica. It has been clocked at nearly _____ miles per hour = twenty two = 22 +The life expectancy of the average mockingbird is ____ years = 10 +Pigs, walruses, and light-colored horses can be = sunburned +The lungfish can live out of water in a state of suspended animation for _____ years = three = 3 +The chicken can travel up to _____ miles per hour = nine = 9 +Pink elephants? In regions of India where the soil is red, elephants take on a permanent pink tinge because they regularly spray dust over their bodies to protect themselves against ________ = insects +It is estimated that a single toad may catch and eat as many as ________ insects in the course of a summer = 10,000 +Prior to migration a goose will consume the equivalent of up to ____ percent of its body weight per day, accumulating large amounts of fat = twenty five = 25during the migration, geese may cover up to ____ miles per day = six hundred = 600 +It is estimated that manatees live a maximum of ___ years = sixty = 60 +A "winkle" is an edible = sea snail +A 42-foot sperm whale has about _____ tons of oil in it = seven = 7 +A 4-inch-long abalone can grip a rock with a force of ______ pounds = four hundred = 400 +A baby giraffe is about _____ feet tall at birth = 6 +A baby gray whale drinks enough milk to fill more than ______ bottles a day = 2,000 +A bear in hibernation loses up to _____ percent of its body weight = twenty five = 25 +The world's largest mammal, the blue whale, weighs _____ tons at birth = fifty = 50 + Fully grown, a blue whale can weigh as much as ______ tons = one hundred and fifty = 150 +There are ________ known species of starfishes in the world = 1,600 +The color of the blood of an octopus is = bluish green +A bison can jump ___ feet = 6 +There are _____ species of parrotsthree hundred and twenty eight = 328 +Racehorses have been known to wear out new ______ in one race = shoes +There are ________ muscles and tendons in an elephant's trunk = 40,000 +Rats can swim for a 1/2 mile without resting, and they can tread water for _____ days straight = three = 3 +There are ______ known species of bats = six hundred and ninety = 690 +The massive skeleton of the African elephant accounts for about _______ percent of the body weight = fifteen = 15 +The crayfish isn't a fish at all - it is related to the = lobster +There are about _____ species of owl = one hundred and thirty = 130 +It takes a lobster approximately ________ years to grow to be one pound = seven = 7 +It takes about _______ hours for a snake to digest one frog = fifty = 50 +There are about _______ species of coral known = 5,000 +The Mola Mola, or Ocean Sunfish, lays up to _______ eggs at one time = five million = 5,000,000 +Researchers don't know why killer whales like to rub their sensitive stomachs on the bottom of shallow beaches, but they think it may be a form of = grooming +There are about 500 different kinds of cone snails around the world. All have a sharp, modified tooth that stabs prey with venom like a harpoon. Most cone snails hunt worms and other snails, but some eat fish. These are the ones most dangerous to people. The nerve toxin that stops a fish is powerful enough to also kill a = human +The crocodile is surprisingly fast on land. If pursued by a crocodile, a person should run in a ______ motion, for the crocodile has little or no ability to make sudden changes of direction = zigzag +What city has more homeless cats per square mile than any other city in the world = rome +It takes approximately ____ venom extractions from the coral snake to fill a 1-pint container = 69,000 +The most carnivorous of all bears is the ______ bear = polar +It would require an average of ____ hummingbirds to weigh in at 1 ounce = eighteen = 18 +The digestive juices of crocodiles contain so much __________ that they have dissolved iron spearheads and 6-inch steel hooks that the crocodiles have swallowed = hydrochloric acid +Seals can withstand water pressure of up to _________ pounds per square inch = eight hundred and fifty = 850 +Jackrabbits are powerful jumpers. A 20-inch adult can leap ___ feet in a single bound = twenty = 20 +Javelinas are very noisy animals among each other and squeal, snort, woof, and click their teeth to = communicate +There are close to ______ known species of frogs, including toads = 4,000 +The most venomous of all snakes, known as the _____, has enough venom in one bite to kill more than 200,000 mice = taipan +There are fewer than _____ Bactrian camels left in the wild = one thousand = 1,000 +Bactrian camels have survived in a land with no water in an area used for nuclear testing. Their numbers, however, are falling dramatically as humans encroach farther and farther into China's ______ Desert = gobi +The dog and the turkey were the only two domesticated animals in ancient = mexico +The ________ is a fish that can actually walk on land = mudskipper +Time magazine named the computer its "Man of the Year" in = 1982 +A 1999 survey of 25,500 standard English-language dictionary words found that ______ percent of them have been registered as .coms = ninety three = 93 +A ball of glass will bounce higher than a ball of = rubber +A ball of solid steel will bounce higher than one made entirely of = glass +A chest X-ray is comprised of 90,000 to 130,000 ______ volts = electron +A NUKE InterNETWORK poll found that ________ percent of Internet users have cut back on watching TV in order to spend more time online; 12 percent have cut back on seeing friends = fifty two = 52 +A standard 747 Jumbo Jet has ______ seats = four hundred and twenty = 420 +After his death in 1937, Guglielmo Marconi, inventor of the ___________ was honored by broadcasters worldwide as they let the airwaves fall silent for two minutes in his memory = wireless telegraph +Artificial rain was first used near _______, New Hampshire, in 1947 to fight a forest fire = concord +At a glance, the Celsius scale makes more sense than the Fahrenheit scale for temperature measuring. But its creator, Anders Celsius, was an oddball scientist. When he first developed his scale, he made freezing 100 degrees and boiling 0 degrees, or upside down. No one dared point this out to him, so fellow scientists waited until Celsius died to change the scale. True or False = true +At a jet plane's speed of ______ miles per hour, the length of the plane becomes one atom shorter than its original length = six hundred and twenty = 620 +Bill Gates formed a company to sell a computerized traffic counting system to cities, which made $20,000 its first year. Business dropped sharply when customers learned Gates was only _______ years old = fourteen = 14 +Colonel Waring, New York City Street Cleaning Commissioner, was responsible for organizing the first rubbish-sorting plant for recycling in the United States in = 1898 +Cooking and salad _____ could lubricate machinery, such as cars and boats, according to Penn State chemical engineers = oils +Dating back to the 1600s, thermometers were filled with ______ instead of mercury = brandy +Early models of vacuum cleaners were powered by = gasoline +Focus group information compiled by CalComp revealed that 50 percent of computer users do not like using a = mouse +From 9,000 pounds of roses, which totals about 55,000 blossoms, ___ pounds of costly rose essence can be extracted to be used as a component in fragrances = two = 2 +The condensed water vapor trail left behind by jets and rockets is called a = contrail +The first automobile to cross the United States took ______ days in 1903 to travel from San Francisco to New York = fifty two = 52 +The first commercial passenger airplane began flying in = 1914 +The first commercial passenger airplane with a bathroom began flying in = 1919 +The first parking meter was installed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in = 1935 +The first video game was _____, introduced in 1972 by Noel Bushnell, who then created Atari = pong +The highest man-made temperature - _____ million degrees Celsius - was generated at Princeton University in a fusion power experiment in 1978 = seventy = 70 +The last 12-cylinder car produced in the United States was the 1948 __________ = lincoln continental +Gold salts are sometimes injected into the muscles to relieve = arthritis +What is used as a center for golf balls and in antifreeze mixtures = honey +Horn & Hardart opened the first U.S. automat in Philadelphia in = 1902 +IBM was incorporated in 1911 as the Computer-Tabulating-Recording Co. with a product line that included time clocks, scales and punch card tabulators. The name was changed in _____ = 1924 +In 1878, Wanamaker's of Philadelphia was the first U.S. department store to install = electric lighting +In 1900, there were _______ cars in the United States = 8,000 +By 1919, there were _________ cars in the U.S = six million = 6,000,000 +The little "m's" on "M&M's"(r) Chocolate Candies weren't printed on the candies until ____ = 1950 +The maximum flight speed of a Boeing 747-300 jetliner is __________ miles per hour = five hundred and eighty three = 583 +The ______ is the U.S. Marine tilt-rotor transport that takes off and lands like a helicopter, but flies like an airplane = osprey +The Osprey is also known as the = v-22 +The rare metal gallium melts at _________ degrees Fahrenheit. It is safe to touch; if you hold a piece of it in your hand and wait, it will melt = eighty six = 86 +The Studebaker auto company produced a car called the "_____" from 1927-1936 = dictator +The Times Square "time ball" for the year 2000 was named the = star of hope +The Times Square "time ball" for the year 2000 was specially made by _________ in Ireland = waterford crystal +The Times Square "time ball" for the year 2000 contained _____ glass crystals cut into triangles = five hundred and four = 504 +The Times Square "time ball" for the year 2000 contained _______ light bulbs = six hundred = 600 +The Times Square "time ball" for the year 2000 contained _______ big lights = ninety six = 96 +The Times Square "time ball" for the year 2000 contained _______ mirrors = ninety two = 92 +In 1995, the average U.S. public school contained _____ computers = seventy two = 72 +In computer-ese, "wysiwyg" is an acronym for = what you see is what you get +In December of 1957 -- Shippingport, Pennsylvania became the site of the first full-scale ______ power plant in the U.S = nuclear +In July of 1955 - Arco, Idaho, with a population of 1,000, became the first U.S. town powered by nuclear energy. The town's energy was supplied by an experimental boiling-water reactor called the = borax iii +Half a byte is called a = nybble +There are five types of simple machines: the _____, the pulley, the inclined plane, the screw, and the wheel and axle = lever +There are five types of simple machines: the lever, the _____, the inclined plane, the screw, and the wheel and axle = pulley +There are five types of simple machines: the lever, the pulley, the _________, the screw, and the wheel and axle = inclined plane +There are five types of simple machines: the lever, the pulley, the inclined plane, the _____, and the wheel and axle = screw +There are five types of simple machines: the lever, the pulley, the inclined plane, the screw, and the__________ = wheel and axle +There are hefty pricetags on some Internet domain names. The highest-selling domain name to date, business.com, went for ________ in 1999 = $7.5 million +There are more than ____ satellites orbiting earth solely for the purpose of private communications services, including pagers, telephones, and computers = two hundred = 200 +Thirty-two percent of computer data loss cases are due to ______ error = human +In Rome, the world's first paved streets were laid out in _____ B.C = one hundred and seventy = 170 +In the military world, EGADS is an acronym for = electronic ground automatic destruct system +In web site addresses on the Internet, "http" stands for = hypertext transfer protocol +In years past, spermaceti oil - from the sperm whale - was used as _________ in Rolls-Royce automobiles = transmission oil +Indonesia is the world's largest producer of = liquefied natural gas +ISBN stands for = international standard book number +It is estimated that ________ light bulbs are manufactured each year in the United States = 1.8 billion +To make a daguerreotype, an early photograph, required a 15-minute average _______ time = exposure +What cities expressways, built on a radial pattern dating from the eighteenth century, are so overloaded that traffic often grinds to a halt for 30 to 40 miles outside the city = tokyo +A device invented as a primitive steam engine by the Greek engineer Hero, about the time of the birth of Christ, is used today as a = rotating lawn sprinkler +During the U.S. Civil War, telegraph wires were strung to follow and report on the action on the battlefield. But there was no telegraph office in the White House, so President Lincoln trekked across the street to the ___________ to get the news = war department +In ___, Namco released Pac-Man, the most popular arcade game of all time = 1979 +WD-40 Company products are sold in more than ________ countries around the world = one hundred and fifty = 150 +When the first escalator, or "inclined elevator," was installed in the department store Harrod's in London (near the turn of the century), ________ was served to passengers who felt faint = brandy +It takes _____ watts to run an electric toaster = 1,100 +It took Henry Ford's Motor Company seven years to manufacture 1 million automobiles. One hundred thirty-two working days after this figure was reached (in 1924), the company had made ______ more cars = nine million = 9,000,000 +Microsoft CEO Bill Gates, launched his business career in 1969, at age 14 by forming a company named Lakeside Programming Group. Gates and his friend ______ signed an agreement with Computer Center Corporation to report bugs in PDP-10 software, in exchange for computer time = paul allen +Nanotechnology has produced a guitar no bigger than a ______ = blood cell +The smallest guitar made by Nanotechnology is _________ long, has six strummable strings = 10 micrometers +Natural gas has no = smell +Penicillin causes about ________ deaths in the United States every year = three hundred = 300 +Forget-me-not pollen grains are so small that _______ of them can fit on the head of a pin = ten thousand = 10,000 +The sale of lawn mowers got a great boost when lawn tennis came into vogue in England in = 1870 +Skydivers accelerate to a terminal velocity of ______ mph = one hundred and twenty = 120 +Some Chinese typewriters have ______ characters = 5,700 +Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak are best known as the creators of the _____ computer = apple +Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak designed a popular arcade game for Atari called = breakout +An estimated __________ lab mistakes are made in the 100,000 laboratories in the U.S. every day = two million +The average 60-minute audio cassette tape has _______ feet of tape in it = 562.5 +The B-2 Stealth Bomber is designed to fly undetected by = radar +In Milwaukee during the 1900s, ______ horses in the city left an estimated 133 tons of manure and urine on the streets per year = 12,500 +In Milwaukee during the 1900s, 12,500 horses in the city left an estimated ____ tons of manure and urine on the streets per year = 133 +Sharks and rays are the only animals known to man that cannot succumb to cancer. Scientists believe this is related to the fact that they have no bone - only = cartilage +The duckbill platypus of Australia can store up to _____ worms in its large cheek pouches = six hundred = 600 +There are more than ____ species of finches throughout the world = four hundred and fifty = 450 +The ears of the Asiatic _____ bears are larger than those of other bear species = black +Sharks can travel up to _____ miles per hour = forty = 40 +The Nile crocodile averages about 45 years in the wild, and may live up to ____ years in captivity = eighty = 80 +Sheep will not drink from __________. Hence, the line in the Twenty-third Psalm: "He leadeth me beside the still waters" = running water +There are no wild deer of any kind in Australia, and the small red deer is the only one found in = africa +The normal body temperature of the Clydesdale horse is ________ degrees Fahrenheit = one hundred and one = 101 +There are _______ distinctive types of combs on chickens = seven = 7 +The now-extinct ancestor of the horse, _______, had a short neck, a pug muzzle, and stood no higher than a medium-sized dog = eohippus +The electric eel is the most shocking animal on Earth - no other animal packs such a big charge. If attacking a large prey, a 9-foot-long eel can discharge about _____ volts = eight hundred = 800 +Since white tigers have pigmented stripes and blue eyes, they are not = albinos +There are some _____ different species of sea snakes, and all of them are venomous = fifty = 50 +The once popular dog name "Fido" is from Latin and means = fidelity +Most lipstick contains = fish scales +What is the longest word that alternates hands = skepticisms +No piece of square dry paper can be folded more than _____ times in half = seven = 7 +A group of geese on the ground is a gaggle, a group of geese in the air is a = skein +Over _______ left handed people a year are killed from using products made for right handed people = 2500 +There are more than _______ bricks in the Empire State Building = 10 million +If you counted 24 hours a day, it would take ______ years to reach one trillion = 31,688 +A crocodile always grows new _____ to replace the old ones = teeth +The sun is _______ times larger than the earth = 330,330 +Clinophobia is the fear of = beds +A _____ is an actual unit of time for 1/100th of a second = jiffy +Porcupines ______ in water = float +The longest recorded flight of a chicken is = thirteen seconds = 13 seconds +The world's termites outweigh the world's humans 10 to 1 = humans +The electric chair was invented by a = dentist +Windmills always turn counter-clockwise. Except for the windmills in = ireland +A hedgehog's heart beats ______ times a minute on average = three hundred = 300 +Camels have three ______ to protect themselves from blowing sand = eyelids +The placement of a donkey's eyes in its' heads enables it to see all it's ___ at all times = feet +A mole can dig a tunnel ________ feet long in just one night = three hundred = 300 +A hummingbird weighs less than a = penny +Until 1796, there was a state in the United States called Franklin. Today it's known as = tennessee +The Earth weighs around _____________ tons = 6,588,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 +A cockroach can live several weeks with its _______ cut off - it dies from starvation = head +Every time you lick a _____, you're consuming 1/10 of a calorie = stamp +The average person has over ________ dreams a year = 1,460 +One in every _____ Americans has appeared on television = four = 4 +The average American/Canadian will eat about 11.9 pounds of _______ per year = cereal +It's against the law to burp, or sneeze in a certain church in = omaha, nebraska +You're born with 300 bones, but when you get to be an adult, you only have = two hundred and six = 206 +Human thigh bones are stronger than = concrete +Over _________ birds a year die from smashing into windows = ten thousand = 10,000 +The state of Florida is bigger than = england +It was once against the law to have a pet dog in a city in = iceland +Your heart beats over _________ times a day = one hundred thousand = 100,000 +Thomas Edison, lightbulb inventor, was afraid of the = dark +Some ribbon worms will eat _______ if they cant find any food = themselves +Dolphins ________ with one eye open = sleep +The worlds oldest piece of chewing gum is over _____ years old = nine thousand = 9000 +In space, astronauts cannot cry, because there is no ________, so the tears can't flow = gravity +There are more ______ flamingos in the U.S, than real ones = plastic +About 3000 years ago, most _____ died by the time they were 30 = egyptians +More people use ______ toothbrushes, than red ones = blue +More people use blue toothbrushes, than ____ ones = red +A sneeze travels out your mouth at over ______ m.p.h. = one hundred = 100 +Your ribs move about _______ times a year, every time you breathe = five million +In the White House, there are _______ knives, forks and spoons = 13,092 +Recycling one glass jar, saves enough energy to watch T.V for ________ hours = three = 3 +Lightning strikes about _______ times per minute on this planet = six thousand = 6,000 +The average American/Canadian drinks about _______ sodas a year = six hundred = 600 +It was once against the law to slam your car door in a city in = switzerland +There wasn't a single pony in the Pony Express, just = horses +Honeybees have a type of _______ on their eyes = hair +A jellyfish is 95 percent = water +In _______, kids as young as 15 can be jailed for cheating on their finals = bangladesh +The katydid bug hears through holes in its ____ legs = hind +A company in _______ makes dinnerware out of wheat, so you can eat your plate = taiwan +More ______ money is printed in a year, than real money printed throughout the world = monopoly +The elephant is the only mammal that can't = jump +The penguin is the only bird who can swim, but not = fly +What is the only letter in the alphabet that does not appear in the name of any of the United States! = q +One quarter of the bones in your body are in your = feet +Fortune cookies were actually invented in America, in ______, by Charles Jung = 1918 +A man named Charles Osborne had the hiccups for _________ years = sixty nine = 69 +A giraffe can clean its ears with its _____-inch tongue = twenty one = 21 +Chewing gum while peeling onions will keep you from = crying +How many pieces of mail are delivered each year in the U.S = 166,875,000,000 +How many miles of telephone wire a strung across the U.S = 1,525,000,000 +How many cars are being driven down the U.S's highways = 123,000,000 +How many tons of paper are used each year in the U.S = 85,000,000 +How many people go to Major League baseball each year = 56,000,000 +Bats always turn _____ when exiting a cave = left +The praying mantis is the only insect that can turn its = head +In Tokyo, they sell toupees for = dogs +There are over _______ dogs in the U.S = fifty eight million = 58,000,000 +Dogs and cats consume over ________ worth of pet food a year = $11,000,000,000 +You blink over _______ times a year = 10,000,000 +Baby robins eat _____ feet of earthworms every day = fourteen = 14 +In England, in the 1880's, ______ was considered a dirty word = pants +Most dust particles in your house are made from = dead skin +The blesbok, a South African ______, is almost the same color as grapejuice = antelope +The average person laughs _______ times a day = thirteen = 13 +Dogs can hear _______ that humans cant = sounds +Men are 6 times more likely to be struck by _______ than women = lighting +It is estimated that millions of trees in the world are accidentally planted by _______ who bury nuts and then forget where they hid them = squirrels +Ernest Vincent Wright wrote a novel, "Gadsby", which contains over 50,000 words -- none of them with the letter = e +A toothpick is the object most often _______ on by Americans = choked +There are more than ________ earthquakes throughout the world every year = fifty thousand = 50,000 +The original name for the butterfly was = flutterby +The opposite sides of a dice cube always add up to = seven = 7 +Nose prints are used to identify = dogs +Bulls are _______ = colorblind +Apples are more efficient than ______ in keeping people awake in the mornings = caffeine +Smelling bananas and/or green apples (smelling, not eating) can help you lose = weight +A hard working adult sweats up to ______ gallons per day = four = 4 +The average ice berg weighs ___________ tons = 20,000,000 +The poison-arrow frog has enough poison to kill about _______ people = 2,200 +A lump of pure gold the size of a matchbox can be flattened into a sheet the size of a = tennis court +After eating, a _______ regurgitates its food and then eats it again = housefly +Which are the most used muscles in the body = eye muscles = eye +Which Australian animal rolls into a spiky ball when in danger = echidna +Which author wrote the Belgariad Series = david eddings +Which blood vessels carry blood from the heart to the various parts of the body = arteries +Which book has to do with instructions about sacrificial worship = leviticus +Which book, first published in 1949, begins with the words: "it was a bright cold day in april & the clocks were striking thirteen" = 1984 +Which boxer is heaviest a bantamweight, middleweight or welterweight = middleweight +Which British sports car took its name from the Morris garages where it was developed = the mg +Which Canadian province extends farthest north = quebec +Which Canadian province has the largest population = ontario +Which canary sings the male or female = the male +Which capital city has a statue of a mermaid in its harbour = copenhagen +Which cicada is the noisy one the male or the female = male +Which city 50 miles from the coast is America's eighth busiest port = houston +Which city does Orly airport serve = paris +Which city has the famous opera house La Scala = milan +Which city has the largest rodeo in the world = calgary +Which city has the two steepest streets in the usa = san francisco +Which city hosted the 1952 winter olympics = oslo +Which city hosted the 1956 summer olympics = melbourne +Which city hosted the 1968 summer olympics = mexico city +Which city hosted the 1988 summer olympics = seoul +Which city hosted the first modern olympics in 1896 = athens +Which city hosted the first winter olympics in 1924 = chamonix +Which city hosted the olympics in 1920 = antwerpen +Which city hosted the second olympics in 1900 = paris +Which city hosted the third olympics 1904 = st louis +Which city is home to the White City tennis courts = sydney +Which city is known as the windy city = chicago, illinois = chicago +Which city is sacred to Jews, Christians, & Muslims = jerusalem +Which city is the home of the sundae = two rivers +Which colour goes before angel & bayou on Roy Orbison's singles = blue +Which colourless, odourless light gas is used to lift airships = helium +Which comes first in a butteryfly's life being a caterpillar or being a pupa = caterpillar +Which comic strip was banned from "Stars & Stripes" = beetle bailey +Which company made magic carpet = bullfrog +Which company released it's first personal computer on august 12, 1981 = ibm +Which continent stretches further Aouth Africa or South America = south america +Which continent was the original home to the humble potato = south america +Which countries occupy the Iberian Peninsula = spain & portugal +Which countries occupy the Scandinavian Peninsula = norway & sweden +Which country (as of 2000) has the lowest crime rate in the world = togo +Which country are the Galapagos Islands part of = ecuador +What geometric shape is a stop sign = octagon +What geometric shape is a tennis court = rectangular +What German military leader of the Afrika Korps was known as 'The Desert Fox' = erwin rommel = rommel +What gland is found just below the optic chiasma of your brain = pituitary gland +What gods are the planets of our solar system named after = roman gods = roman +What goes with ruby, emerald & sapphire to make up the world's most valuable gems = diamond +What golfer was nicknamed "super mex" = lee trevino +What golfer was nicknamed 'the golden bear' = jack nicklaus +What grain is Australia's most important crop = wheat +What grain is used to make spaghetti = wheat +What grass is the favourite food of pandas = bamboo +What green vegetable comes in varieties such as cos & mignonette = lettuce +What group landed in America in 1620 = pilgrims +What group of superheroes display the number 4 on their chests = the fantastic four +What gun cannot be silenced, due to all the noisy gasses which escape the cylinder gap at the rear of the barrel = revolver +What habit forming plant did Columbus find on his first new world trip = tobacco +What hair color of people do mosquitoes seem to be the most attracted to = blonde +What hall of fame was opened in 1990 in Canastota, New York = boxing +What Hans Christian andersen fairy tale character is immortalized in a famous statue in Copenhagen's Harbor = the little mermaid +What happens to male ants soon after they mate = they die +What happens when reverse peristalsis takes place = you puke +What has a bitch done if she has just whelped = given birth +What has been called "the land of frozen time" = antarctica +What has been clinically demonstrated to work twice as well as dramamine for fighting motion sickness, with no side effects = ginger +What has to be missing out of anhydrous compounds = water +What Hawaii town lies very close to Volcanoes National Park = hilo +What heavyweight boxing champion was nicknamed the Manassa Mauler = jack dempsey +What hemisphere are you in if your water drains clockwise = southern +What herb is most often used as a garnish = parsley +What herb is used in the sauce traditionally served with roast lamb = mint +What hip russian word means "giving voice to something" = glasnost +What hobby was developed by the Palmer Paint Company of Detriot = paint by numbers +What holiday is held on April 25 in Australia & New Zealand = anzac day +What hormone is produced by the adrenal glands = adrenaline +What household appliance has a tube & an agitator = washing machine +What human organ does a pacemaker pace = heart +What ice cream company registered the slogan "dedicated to perfection" = haagen daas +What ill fated auto bit the dust in 1959 after losses of millions = edsel +What illness is controlled by taking insulin = diabetes +What important historic artifact was found in November of 1922 = king tuts tomb = king tutankhamun's tomb +What indian tribe did Custer encounter at the Battle of Little Big Horn = sioux +What indoor track milestone was Jim Beatty the first to break in 1962 = four minute mile +What inert gas is used in fluorescent lights = argon +What insect has a king as well as a queen = termites +What instrument is used for measuring the distance between two points on a curved surface = caliper +What instrument is used to measure the pressure of gases = manometer +What instruments are used to measure air pressure = barometers +What is "Banda Oriental" known as today = uruguay +What is 113 in Roman numerals = cxiii +What is 2 + 3 = 5 +What is 30% of 90 = twenty seven +What is 99% of 200 = one hundred & ninety eight = 198 +What is a 300th anniversary called = tercentenary +What is a artificial egg hatching device called = incubator +What is a baby frog called = tadpole +What is a baby goose called = gosling +What is a baby kangaroo called = a joey +What is a baby owl called = an owlet = owlet +What is a baby rooster = cockerel +What is a baby seal called = pup +What is a baby swan called = cygnet +What is a baby whale called = calf +What is a bone specialist = osteopath +What is a bowler credited with when no runs are scored off his over = maiden over +What is a buckey ball made of = carbon +What is a 'bunker' in a game of golf = sand trap +What is a calm ocean region near the equator = doldrums +What is a camberwell beauty = butterfly +What is a cancer causing substance = carcinogen +What is a cancerous tumour = malignant +What is a castrated shy sheep called = wether +What is a cob & a pen = swan +What is a 'colander' = sieve +What is a corrosive substance = acid +What is a crime worse than a misdemeanor = felony +What is a dactyologram = fingerprint +What is a dried plum called = a prune +What is a fear of germs = spermophobia +What is a female bear = sow +What is a female fox called = vixen +What is a female swan called = pen +What is a french policeman called = gendarme +What is a group kangaroos = troop +What is a group of baboons = troop +What is a group of badgers called = cete +What is a group of bears called = sleuth +What is a group of cockroaches = intrusion +What is a group of curs = cowardice +What is a group of donkeys called = herd +What is a group of elks called = gang +Which railway station in London is known by two names = bank & monument +Which religious group grew out of the Watch Tower Society = jehovah's witnesses +Which river contains the most fresh water = amazon +Which Russian city used to be called Leningrad & Petrograd = st petersburg +Which saint has the deer as his iconographical emblem = st francis +Which saying is attributed to author Henry David Thoreau = any fool can make a rule +Which science fiction author used the penname Edward Powys Bradbury = michael moorcock +Which science fiction novel has its title from the flash point of paper = farenheit 451 +Which science fiction writer penned "The Martian Chronicles" & "Farenheit 451" = ray bradbury +Which science studies weather = meteorology +Which Scottish born machinist became America's first environmentalist = john muir +Which sea is between Australia & Tasmania = tasman sea +Which sea is the city of Beirut on = mediterranean +Which shoulder go superstitious people throw salt over = left +Which shoulder should you throw spilled salt over = left +Which side of a book are the even numbered pages usually on = left +Which side of a commercial jet does the pilot sit on = left +Which side of the human body is controlled by the left side of the brain = right side +Which side of the road do people drive on in France = right +Which side of the road would be travel on if you were driving in Japan = left +Which small animals reportedly march to the sea to drown = lemmings +Which son of Zeus was a messenger & herald of the gods = hermes +Which sport do Australia & NZ play when battling for the manning cup = hockey +Which sport has a movement called a 'telemark' = skiing +Which state has Cape Hatteras = north carolina +Which state has the most hospitals = california +Which state is called the pelican state = louisiana +Which state is the wolverine state = michigan +Which state of Australia lays claim to Lizard & Heron Islands = queensland +Which state's official flag is in the shape of a pennant = ohio +Which strong wine gets its name from a city in Northern Portugal = port +Which superhero loves peace enough to kill for it = peacemaker +Which terminal of a battery is indicated by a plus sign = positive +Which town is the birthplace of Jesus Christ = bethlehem +Which tree has the same name as a part of your hand = palm +Which two countries became independent in 1957 = ghana & malaysia +Which two countries form what used to be called Patagonia = chile & argentina +Which two sports do you go backwards to win = rowing & tug of war +Which type of paint dries faster oil or acrylic = acrylic +Which tyre company withdrew from Formula 1 at the end of 1986 = pirelli +Which US city is known as Beantown = boston +Which US city is known as the biggest little city in the world = reno, nevada +Which US city was named after the only person to be governor of 2 states = houston +Which US coin has 118 ridges around the edge = dime +Which US gangster town gave its name to the group who had a no 1 with 'if you leave me now' = chicago +Which US government branch includes the president & vice president = executive branch +Which US president lead his "rough riders" up San Juan hill = theodore roosevelt +Which US president received & 10% of the profits when he was interviewed by david frost = richard nixon +Which US president said, "the buck stops here" = harry truman +Which US state borders a canadian territory = alaska +Which US state is known as the "last frontier" = alaska +Which US state was the 50th = hawaii +Which was the first apostle to be stoned to death = stephen +Which was the first book to tell the story of the lioness Elsa = born free +Which was the first Japanese city bombed in 1945 = hiroshima +Which was the sacred animal of ancient Egypt = cat +Which was the second Japanese city bombed in 1945 = nagasaki +Which was the world's first space station = salyut 1 +Which weighs more hot water or cold water = hot water +Which word is related to these three: rat, blue, cottage = cheese +Which would usually live longer, a giraffe or a zebra = zebra +Which writer & illustrator was fired in july 1992 by King Features over an abortion rights story line in his daily comic strip Popeye = bobby london +Which writer said "a little learning is a dangerous thing" = alexander pope +Which writer's widow changed the family's name to Holland after his death to avoid scandal = oscar wilde +Which zodiacal sign is represented by a goat = capricorn +While sleeping, one man in eight does what = snores +While sleeping, one man in ten does what = grinds his teeth +White, crystalline solid that has the formula c6h4(oh)cooh = salicylic acid +Who abolished Christmas in 1647 = english parliament +Who allegedly killed officer J D Tippett = lee harvey oswald +Who allowed the bugging of the Democratic committee headquarters. = richard nixon +Who always ended his show in a white e type jaguar = simon dee +Who always tried to kill Krazy Kat = captain marvel +Who appeared on the back of the $20 bill in 1875 = pocahontas +Who appears when Aladdin rubs the lamp = genie +Who are the Bronte Sisters in alphabetical order = anne, charlotte, emily +Who assassinated President Kennedy = lee harvey oswald +Who baptised Jesus = john the baptist +Who beat Captain Robert Scott in the race to the south pole in 1912 = roald amundsen +Who became famous for photographing the civil war = mathew brady +Who became the first englishman to win the Nobel prize for literature in 1907 = rudyard kipling +Who betrayed Jesus to the Romans = judas iscariot +Who built Camelot = king arthur +Who buys corner blocks = stamp collectors +Who 'came whiffling through the tulgey wood' = jabberwock +Who camped by a billabong = swagman +Who carried on Charles Babbages work when he died = his son +Who carved the worlds tallest totem pole out of one log = mungo martin +Who claimed "Rosencrantz & Gguildenstern are dead" = tom stoppard +Who climbed Mt Fuji at age 99 = teiichi igarashi +Who coached the Celtics to 6 NBA championships = bob cousy +Who coined the term, 'the evil empire' = ronald reagan +Who coined the word 'bourgeoise' = karl marx +Who collects coins or medals = numismatist +Who collects match box labels = philluminist +Who collects stamps = philatelist +Who comes hopping down the bunny trail = peter cottontail +Who commanded the rough riders in Cuba in the Spanish American War = leonard wood +Who commanded the Russian navy on the Black Sea from 1788 1789 = john paul jones +Who composed the music for Apollo 13 = james horner +Who controls more than 80% of the world's rough diamond supply = de beers +Who could distinguish 140 forms of tobacco ash = sherlock holmes +Who counted himself out on march 31, 1968 = lyndon johnson +Who created detective Nero Wolfe = rex stout +Who created Jergens Lotion = andrew jergens +Who created John Blackthorne = james clavell +Who created master spy George Smiley = john le carre +Who created Miss Marple = agatha christie +Who created 'Peter Rabbit' = beatrix potter +Who created the first flavored soda pop = townsend speakman +Who created Winnie the Pooh = a a milne +Who deciphered the Rosetta stone = jean champollion +Who define heat in ergs per calorie = james joule +Who denied Jesus three times = peter +Who described the moon during Apollo 11 as "magnificent desolation" = buzz aldrin +Who designed the uniforms for the Vatican City's Swiss guards = michelangelo +Who designed the union buildings = sir herbert baker +Who detailed her romance with Bill Clinton in the December Penthouse = jennifer flowers +Who did Adolf Hitler marry = eva braun +Who did Adolph Hitler keep a framed photograph on his desk of = henry ford +Who did always rescue sweet Polly Purebred = underdog +Who did Anne Boleyn lose her head over = henry viii +Who did David kill = goliath +Who did Joseph Stalin succeed as premier of Russia = lenin +Who did Louis XVI give the Hope diamond to = marie antoinette +Who did New York's Cosmos buy for $4.5 million in 1975 = pele +Who did pussy cat go to see in London = queen +Who did Queen Elizabeth II marry = prince phillip +Who did Samson fall in love with = delilah +Who did Simple Simon meet on the way to the fair = pieman +Who did the Miracle Mets defeat to win the 1969 world series = thailand +Who discovered Florida = ponce de leon +Who discovered morphine = friedrich saturner +Who discovered natural radioactivity = antoine becquerel +Who discovered that galaxies were all red shifted i.e the universe was expanding = edwin hubble +Who discovered the Mississippi River = hernando de soto +Who discovered the neutron in 1932 = sir james chadwick +Who discovered the planet Uranus = william herschel +Who discovered x rays = wilhelm roentgen +Who do Brazilians call Huguinho, Zezinho & Luisinho = huey dewey louie +Who do the Japanese call Miki Mauso = mickey mouse +Who dreamed about the sun, moon & stars bowing down to him = job +Who edited the Joy of Sex = alex comfort +Who ended his news broadcasts with "glad we could get together" = john cameron swayze +Who fiddled while Rome burned = nero +Who first calculated 'pi' around 250 bc = archimedes +Who flew the rocket powered Bell X IAa at a record mach 2.5 = chuck yaeger +Who followed Alexander Haig as US foreign secretary in 1982 = george schultz +Who fought professionally in Roman arenas = gladiators +Who founded Atari = nolan bushnell +Who founded histology = marie bichat +Who founded mormonism = joseph smith +Who founded the boy scout movement = robert baden powell +Who founded the boy scouts of America = daniel beard +Who founded the foundation for infantile paralysis = franklin roosevelt +Who founded the Persian empire = king cyrus +Who gather together in covens = witches +Who gave Joseph Keaton his nickname of "Buster" = harry houdini +Who gave the U. S.A. the Statue of Liberty = france +Who ghost wrote Xaviera Hollanders "The Happy Hooker" = yvonne dunleavy +Who got his name because of a yellow & black striped shirt he wore until it literally fell apart = sting +Who got the worlds worst circumcision = john bobbit +Who had over 1000 patents registered to him when he died = thomas edison +Who had six fingernails on one hand , but only five fingers on that hand = anne boleyn +Who had teenage sidekicks Zan, Wendy, Jayna & Marvin = super friends +Who had the vision that resulted in the book of Revelations = john +Who has been nicknamed Dr Death in the 1990s = dr jack kevorkian +Who has more chromosomes, Tarzan or Cheetah = cheetah +Who has the biggest percentage of female heads of household = botswana +Who hid in a house at 263 Princengracht, Amsterdam, for two years = anne frank +Who hit a homerun in his first at bat in college, the olympics, & the major leagues = will clark +Who holds the record for most touchdown passes in one season = dan marino +Who hosts the Monza grand prix = italy +Who in baseball was known as king kong = dave kingman +What is this short for - HiOAg = hi ho silver +What are u doing here - |r|e|a|d|i|n|g| = reading between the lines +Einstein gave this successful prediction of the stock market when asked what it would do in the next year. He said = it would fluctuate +Nearly a third of all bottled drinking water purchased in the US is contaminated with _________ = bacteria +If you sneeze too hard, you can = fracture a rib +If you try to suppress a sneeze, you can rupture a _________ in your head or neck and die = blood vessel +Rats multiply so quickly that in 18 months, two rats could have over ________ descendents = one million = 1,000,000 +The average chocolate bar has ____ insects' legs in it = eight = 8 +The average human eats __________ spiders in their lifetime at night = eight = 8 +The shortest war in history was between ___________ in 1896 = zanzibar & england +The shortest war in history Zanzibar surrendered after _______ minutes = thirty eight = 38 +A polar bear's skin is black. Its fur is not white, but actually = clear +Elvis had a twin brother named ____, who died at birth = garon +Donald Duck comics were banned in ______ because he doesn't wear pants = finland +More people are killed by _______ annually than are killed in plane crashes = donkeys +What is the longest word typed with only the left hand = stewardesses +Shakespeare invented the words _________ & _______ = assassination & bump +Marilyn Monroe had six = toes +If you keep a goldfish in the dark room, it will eventually turn = white +Women blink nearly ______ as much as men = twice +Right handed people live, on average, ______ years longer than left handed people do = nine = 9 +The name of all the _______ end with the same letter that they start with = continents +The word "lethologica" describes the state of not being able to _______ the word you want = remember +If the population of China walked past you in single file, the line would never end because of the rate of = reproduction +The words _____ & _____ are the same whether they are read left to right or right to left = racecar & kayak +A snail can sleep for _____ years = three = 3 +American Airlines saved $40,000 in 1987 by eliminating one _______ from each salad served in first-class = olive +How many World Championship points are awarded to a winning Grand Prix driver = ten = 10 +In French what country is Ecosse = scotland +Which Daniel Defoe character was born in Newgate Prison = moll flanders +Why is Caspian Sea a misnomer = its a lake +Which two ballet dancers were Marguerite and Armand created for = fonteyn and nureyev +What fruit do viticulturists grow = grapes +In which year did it become illegal to beat your sernants to death in the Mississippi basin area = 1985 +What was the capital of Kenya prior to Nairobi = mombassa +Which country supplies almost 80% of the worlds jute = bangladesh +What was the nationality of the very first man to stand on the sumit of Mount Everest = new zealander +What is added to chalk to produce cement = clay +What part of the body does a cytologist study = cells +Which language do Walloons speak a version of = french +How did Eva Peron die = cancer +What three words follow Shakespeare's Now is the winter of our discontent = made glorious summer +What is a planet's apogee = furthest point from the earth +What is the Russian word for citadel = kremlin +What common word used by road users is derived from the Hindu god Jagganath = juggernaut +Of which country is the flower the French Marigold a native = mexico +Which country originated the Carpetbag Steak = australia +Which former racing driver owns Austria's second largest airline company = niki lauda +What nationality is Salman Rushdie = british +What is a satellite's perigee = closest point to the earth +What natural materials are tussah and habutai types of = silk +Who won 4 tennis grand slams before she was 18 = monica seles +Which town would you be leaving if you were sailing away from the capital of the Flemish coast = dunkirk +Which 937 foot tanker caused the worlds worst oil pollution disaster in 1989 = the exxon valdez +Where do hikers sleep, was founded by George Williams and sung about by Village People = ymca +Which Richard Adams book featured a fox terrier called Snitter = the plague dogs +Which of the American Marshal Islands became famous as a nuclear test site = bikini atoll +A glow worm isn't a worm, its a = beetle +Which river flows over the Victoria Falls = zambezi +Which sci-fi author predicted artificial satellites in 1945 = arthur c clark +Which writer became a Governor General of Canada = john buchan +What was the original name of the communications satellite Intelsat = early bird +Into which ocean does the Zambezi river flow into = indian +What was the former name of Zambia = northern rhodesia +Who led the unsuccessful Roman slave revolt in73 BC = spartacus +Who was the famous son of Philip II of Macedonia = alexander the great +What is the second most frequently used letter in the English language = t +Where did Laika the first dog in space die = in space +What was the former name of Zimbabwe = southern rhodesia +Which Greek island was the home of the Minoan bull culture = crete +What writer said "Youth is wasted on the young" = george bernard shaw +What does the term Honking mean to a cyclist = standing out of the saddle +What is the largest city in Switzerland = zurich +Who said "A woman is only a woman, but a good cigar is a smoke" = rudyard kipling +Which sport is Wayne Gretzky famous for = ice hockey +Which city was the seat of the Holy Roman Emperors in the 17th century = vienna +Which pharaoh built the great temple at Abu Simbel = ramses ii +Which poet first said "A thing of beauty is a joy forever" = keats +In which country did Alexander the Great mount his great campaign of 327-325 BC = india +What words from Tennyson's Charge of the Light Brigade follow "Theirs is not to reason why = theirs is but to do or die +What title is given to the head of state in Brunei = sultan +Which London club saw the start of Phileas Fogg's journey = the reform club +What do Americans call the silencer on a car = muffler +What did Japanese athlete Suburaya do after failing to win in the 1964 Olympics = committed hari-kiri +What was removed from Mussolini's body before it was buried = brain +Who wrote Death of a Salesman = arthur miller +Why was a last minute decision made to bomb Nagasaki rather than the chosen target of kokura = because it was obscured by cloud +To which family of birds does the robin belong = thrush +Who was the most senior serving Nazi to be tried at Nuremberg = hermann goering +Which is the only city still in existence that is mentioned in Genesis = damascus +Where did Anne Frank die = belsen +Which city is the setting for Bizet's Carmen = seville +What is the common name for Seborrheic Dermatitis = dandruff +Which major planet spins in the opposite direction to the rest = venus +What is the main river to flow through Hamburg = elbe +What do architects claim Chicago's Tacoma Building to be the first of = skyscraper +On which ship did Sir Francis Drake receive his knighthood = the golden hind +Which country is called Misr by its natives = egypt +What are a whales breathing organs called = lungs +Which power station in Pennsylvania was the scene of a 1979 nuclear accident = three mile island +How many cards are dealt to each player in gin rummy = ten = 10 +What is made from a tree bark that turns a gin pink = angostura bitters +Who said he could distinguish between 140 different types of tobacco ash = sherlock holmes +Before 1992 what 4 letters were on Soviet Olympic vests = cccp +Which country can be reached by bridge from Singapore = malaysia +What material did cordwainers work with = leather +What kind of dance is the Blue Danube = waltz +What colour are blue tit's breasts = yellow +Who cut off Van Gogh's ear = himself +What city was called 'The Rose red city, half as old as time = petra +In 1995 what nation restarted its nuclear weapon testing programme = france +Why do woodpeckers peck trees = to catch insects +What nationality was Mata Hari = javanese +Which organ of the body produces bile = liver +How many red stripes are there on the US flag = seven +Which planets year is shorter than its day = venus +Which South American city is built in the shape of an aeroplane = brasilia +What 18th century tourist attraction is at the end of berlins Unter den Linden = brandenburg gate +Who is the most widely translated French author = jules verne +What is rust on copper called = verdigris +Which country is part of ANZUS security alliance along with New Zealand & the USA = australia +Which is the worlds second largest French speaking city = montreal +What name is given to grotesquely carved church water spouts = gargoyles +Where do gallinaceous birds nest = on the ground +Which is the worlds hottest capital city = khartoum +What was another name for the Atlantic Penguin which became extinct in 1844 = great auk +How many pounds does the Olympic hammer weigh = sixteen +Who built Peking's Winter Palace = kubla khan +Which Italian tourist attraction was exposed as a mediaeval fake in 1988 = turin shroud +In which country is the Atacama Desert where rain has never fallen = chile +What was Moonie leader-Reverend Moon jailed for in 1976 = tax fraud +In what year was the last manned moon landing = 1972 +What was the real name of malcolm X = malcolm little +Which of Arthurs knights undertook the Seige Perilous = galahad +How many of the United States don't border the main land mass = two +For which product was Millais' painting Bubbles used to advertise = pear's soap +How many letters are there in the french alphabet = twenty five +Who wrote the book the Jewel in the Crown = paul scott +What kind of stick does an artist rest his brush on = maulstick +Which organisation killed Aldo Moro = the red brigade +What rare water creature gives its name to a river in Florida = manatee +Who discovered gamma rays = ernest rutherford +Who succeedeed president Marcos = mrs corazon aquino +What did Disraeli refer to as a 'milestone round our necks' = colonies +Whats the maximum number of wives permitted at any one time under Islamic law = four +Which Paris building has a glass pyramid in its forecourt = the louvre +By what name was Cambodian leader Saloth Sar better known = pol pot +What was banned in bermuda until 1946 = cars +What is the largest structure ever made by living creatures = great barrier reef +In 1950 Stevie---------- , singer/songwriter (You are The Sunshine of My Love), born. = wonder +In 1961 Gary---------- , 2 time Academy award winning actor, dies at 60. = cooper +In 1965 Rolling Stones record "---------- ". = satisfaction +In 1966 Rolling Stones release "---------- ". = paint it black +In 1970 Beatles movie "---------- " premiers. = let it be +In 1981 Pope John ---------- shot, wounded by assailant in St Peter's Square. = paul ii +In 1988 Chet ---------- jazz trumpeter fell to death out of a hotel window at 59. = baker +In 1989 Approx ---------- students begin hunger strike in Tiananmen Square, China. = 2,000 +In 1944 George ---------- director (Star Wars), born. = lucas +In 1952 David ---------- Dunbartin Scotand, rocker (Talking Heads-Psycho Killer) , born. = byrne +In 1973 ---------- launched, the 1st Space Station. = skylab +In 1987 Rita ---------- actress, dies at 68 of Alzheimer's disease. = hayworth +In 1602 Cape Cod was discovered by the English navigator ---------- Gosnold. = batholomew +In 1753 ---------- Term Day. = whitsunday +In 1886 American poet Emily ---------- died. = dickinson +In 1918 US Airmail begins between Wash DC, ---------- and New York. = philadelphia +In 1919 Wladziu Valentino---------- , pianist, born = liberace +In 1930 A United Air Lines flight from---------- , CA to Cheyenne, WY carried the first airline "air hostess" (stewardess) -- Ellen Church. = oakland +In 1934 US Dept of Justice offers ---------- reward for Dillinger, dead or alive. = $25,000 +In 1936 Paul---------- , playwright, born = zindel +In 1940 Nylon ---------- on sale for the first time in the United States. = stockings +In 1948 Brian---------- , singer, songwriter, born = eno +In 1955 Lee---------- , actor, born = horsley +In 1958 The Soviet Union launched---------- . = sputnik iii +In 1770 Marie ---------- married the future King Louis XVI of France. = antoinette +In 1801 William H.---------- , who bought Alaska at $0.02/acre, born. = seward +In 1905 Henry ---------- (in Grand Island, Nebraska), actor, born. = fonda +In 1920 Joan of Arc was ---------- in Rome. = canonized +In 1929 First Academy Awards were given out. '---------- ' won best picture. Best Actor went to Emil Jennings; Best Actress, Janet Gaynor. = wings +In 1952 Pierce ---------- (in Israel), actor (current James Bond), born. = brosnan +In 1955 Debra ---------- (in Columbus, Ohio), actor, born. = winger +In 1955 Olga ---------- (in Russia), gymnast, born. = korbut +In 1966 Janet---------- , singer, Michael's sister, born. = jackson +In 1969---------- , Venus landing. First successful landing on another planet. = venera 5 +In 1970 Gabriela---------- , tennis professional, raqueteer, born. = sabatini +In 1975 Japanese Junko ---------- became first woman to reach Mt Everest's summit. = tabei +In 1990 Sammy---------- , Jr., "The Complete Entertainer", dies of throat cancer. = davis +In 218 7th recorded ---------- passage of Halley's Comet. = perihelion +In 352 ---------- begins his reign as Catholic Pope. = liberius +In 884 St ---------- begins his reign as Catholic Pope. = adrian iii +In 1444 Sandro---------- , Italian painter (Birth of Venus), born. = botticelli +In 1620 1st merry-go-round seen at a fair (Philippapolis,---------- ). = turkey +In 1630 Italian Jesuit Niccolo---------- , 1st to see 2 belts on Jupiter surface. = zucchi +In 1672 Frontenac becomes governor of ---------- (Canada). = new france +In 1809 Papal States annexed by---------- . = france +In 1836 Joseph Norman ---------- discovered Helium/founded Nature magazine, born. = lockyer +In 1900 Ayatollah Ruhollah ---------- Iran's spiritual leader, born. = khomeini +In 1928 ---------- modern Olympic games opens in Amsterdam. = 9th +In 1936 Dennis ---------- actor (True Grit, Blue Velvet, Easy Rider), born. = hopper +In 1940 Germany occupies---------- , Belgium & begins invasion of France. = brussels +In 1942 Taj ---------- NYC, singer/songwriter (The Real Thing), born. = mahal +In 1950 Christian---------- , French couturier, born. = lacroix +In 1956 "Sugar" Ray ---------- welter/middle/light-heavyweight boxing champion, born. = leonard +In 1963 Brigitte ---------- actress (Red Sonja, Rocky IV, Domino), born. = nielsen +In 1970 Thor ---------- crosses the Atlantic on reed raft 'Ra'. = heyerdahl +In 1975 ---------- releases "I'm Not in Love". = 10cc +In 1983 Israel & ---------- sign a peace treaty. = lebanon +In 1989 Nelson ---------- recieves a BA from University of South Africa. = mandela +In 526 St ---------- ends his reign as Catholic Pope. = john i +In 1830 Edwin ---------- of England signs an agreement for manufacture of his invention, the lawn mower. = budding +In 1868 ---------- last Russian tsar (1894-1917), born. = nicholas ii +In 1872 Bertrand ---------- England, mathematician/philosopher (Nobel 1950), born. = russell +In 1897 Frank ---------- movie director (Its a Wonderful Life, Arsenic & Old Lace), born. = capra +In 1900 Britain proclaims protectorate over kingdom of---------- . = tonga +In 1910 Passage of ---------- through tail of Halley's Comet causes near-panic. = earth +In 1912 Perry ---------- singer/TV (Perry Como Show, What did Delaware?), born. = como +In 1919 Dame Margot ---------- England, ballerina (partner of Nureyev), born. = fonteyn +In 1960 Yannick ---------- France, tennis player (French 1983), born. = noah +In 1965 Gene ---------- suggests 16 names including Kirk for Star Trek Captain. = roddenberry +In 1980 Ian ---------- musician (Joy Division), dies. = curtis +In 1980 Mount ---------- blows its top in Washington State. = st helens +In 715 St ---------- begins his reign as Catholic Pope. = gregory ii +In 1536 Anne ---------- wife of Henry VIII, beheaded. = boleyn +In 1588 Spanish Armada sets sail for---------- , bound to England. = lisbon +In 1611 Innocent XI ---------- Roman Catholic pope (1676-89), born. = 240th +In 1890 ---------- trail blazer/leader of Vietnam (1946, 1969), born. = ho chi minh +In 1925 ---------- Omaha NB, assassinated leader of black muslims, born. = malcolm x +In 1928 "Firedamp" explodes in ---------- Pa coal mine killing 195 of 273 miners. = mather +In 1935 T.E. ---------- (of Arabia) dies in a motorcycle crash. = lawrence +In 1945 Peter ---------- singer (Who-Tommy), born. = townsend +In 1964 US diplomats find at least 40 secret mics in the ---------- embassy. = moscow +In 1966 Tortoise reportedly given to Tonga's king by Capt. ---------- (1773), dies. = cook +In 1971 Ogden ---------- poet/TV panelist (Masquerade Party), dies at 68. = nash +In 1971 USSR launches---------- , 1st spacecraft to crash land on Mars. = mars 2 +In 1976 ---------- ownership legalized in Australia. = gold +In 1979 Guitarist Eric Clapton marries Patti---------- . = boyd +Nicosia is the capital of which island = cyprus +The musician Stephane Grappelli was famous for playing which instrument = violin +Of which country was Anwar Sadat the president = egypt +Ferdinand Marcos was the president of which country = philippines +The Dead Sea lies on the border of Israel and which other country = jordan +Which character was played by Roger Mooore in 'The Saint' = simon templar +The Golden Temple at Amritsar is sacred to which religion = sikhism +In which field were the Boulting Brothers famous = cinema +A yarmulka is a skullcap worn by followers of which religion = judaism +What is a yarmulka = a skullcap +TV /Movies:Hugo Drax was the villian of which James Bond book and film = moonraker +TV /Movies:The song 'Evergreen' features in which Barbra Streisand film = a star is born +The Ural mountains are mainly in which country = russia +In which country are the Southern Alps = new zealand +The Santa Maria was the ship of which explorer = christopher columbus +What kind of bird is a macaw = parrot +Typically, which type of literary form is an elegy = poem +What is the modern name for Petrograd = st. petersburg +What are seraphim and cherubim = ranks of angels +A popular climbing plant with sweet smelling flowers = sweet pea +On which continent is the Limpopo River = africa +What is a bantam = chicken +Where in the world is El Salvador = central america +Complete the title of the Charles Dickens novel 'Martin = chuzzlewit +TV /Movies:Who was the male star in the film The Beach = leonardo dicaprio +What term is applied to the widow of a king = queen dowager +Which car manufaturer produces a model called the 'Laguna' = renault +What type of creature is a pollack = fish +TV /Movies:What type of dog is Lady in the cartoon 'Lady and the Tramp' = cocker spaniel +Which US state has the postal abbreviation IN = indiana +Which Shakespeare play features the line 'Something is rotten in the state of Denmark = hamlet +What is dermatophobia the fear of = skin +In which century was the first skyscraper built = 19th +What nationality is the novelist Norman Mailer = american +What is the maximum number of consecutive terms that a US president can now serve = two +TV /Movies:Who played the title roll in the 1938 film 'The Adventures of Robin Hood' = errol flynn +TV /Movies:Who played the suave thief,Sir Charles Lytton, in the film The Pink Panther = david niven +What nationality is the artist Jackson Pollock = american +Andalusia is a region located in the south of which country = spain +What is the technical name for the collarbone = clavicle +Jupiter is the Roman name for which god of Greek mythology = zeus +Which planet in our solar system was discovered most recently = pluto +Which musical term means a mass for the dead = requiem +The Greek warrior Odysseus played a major role in which war = trojan +What type of creature is a basilisk = lizard +In which European country do one hundred grochen equal one schilling = austria +TV /Movies:Which film actor began his climb to stardom in the TV cowboy series 'Rawhide' = clint eastwood +Charcoal is made by heating what = wood +Instruments made from tea chests and washboards were a feature of which specific type of music = skiffle +Sephardim are followers of which religion = judaism +Which ballet company is based at the Maryinsky Theatre = kirov ballet +In German towns, what is the S-bahn = railway +A 'schipperke' is a breed of which animal = dog +TV /Movies:Who is the star of the 2000 film 'The Patriot' = mel gibson +In yoga how is the lotus position performed = sitting cross-legged +What does the word 'maudlin' mean = self-pitying +The cap and bells formed the insignia of which group of people = jesters +TV /Movies:The song 'A Whole New World' comes from which Disney film = aladdin +In the abbreviation P & O, what does the O stand for = oriental +What type of book is a 'cahier' = note book +Who wrote the novel the Valley of the Dolls = jaqueline susann +Which American footballer won four Super Bowls with the San Francisco 49ers = joe montana +Which country was once ruled by a Mikado = japan +In literature who has a servant called Sanch Panza = don quixote +The book "Cry the Beloved Country' was set in which country = south africa +Who adopted the title 'Il Caudillo' = franco +Tristan da Cunha is an island group in which ocean = atlantic +What is the name of the hammer used by doctors to test a patient's reflexes = plexor +Which canal was nationalised in 1956 = suez +What is the name for a line of longitude on a map = meridian +Which term connects a type of match and a nickname for the Devil = lucifer +Which fish is pickled to make rollmops = herring +A rune is a letter of what ancient alphabet = germanic +What is the back of a ship called = stern +The name Felicity means what = happiness +What is a 'shillelagh' = cudgel +Which dog name is a slang term for a detective = bloodhound +Who would be described as a 'sophomore' = student +What name is given to young herrings = whitebait +Pitcairn Island was settled by crew members of which ship = bounty +What was the favourite colour of the novelist Barbra Cartland = pink +What type of drug would be used to treat hay fever = antihistamine +What name is given to an army chaplain = padre +Which compny makes the perfume 'Coco' = chanel +Geographically, what is an eddy = whirlpool +Paul Newman married which actress = joanne woodward +Fianna Fail is a political party in which country = ireland +What nationality is the singer/actress Bjork = icelandic +The Rialto Bridge is associated with which canal = grand +Complete the title of this Travis song 'Why Does it Always.... = rain on me +What is the name for the load line on a ship = plimsoll line +What is the smallest independent country in South America = surinam +Who married the actor Liam Neeson = natasha richardson +The word 'bus' is shortened from which other word = omnibus +What was the last name of Isadora, the famous dancer = duncan +Which 20th century king reigned for less than a year = edward viii +Nantucket Island is part of which American state = massachusetts +Sepia is obtained from which sea creature = cuttlefish +What is the name given to a type of fossil resin = amber +What was the first name of Baden-Powell the founder of the Scout movement = robert +Mir is the highest point in which mountain range = hindu kush +Peter Sellers had a top ten hit in 1960 with which other film star = sophia loren +Which oscar winning actress married media mogul Ted Turner in 1991 = jane fonda +Who won the 1980 Pullitzer prize for literature for 'The Executioner's Song' = norman mailer +Jazz musician Bud Powell was best known for playing what instrument = piano +A Victoria Cross is struck from gun metal of Russian cannons captured at which battle = sebastopol +What is an 'ocarina' = wind instrument +What is the largest species of toad = cane toad +Albert Einstein worked at which American university = princeton +Which New Mexico town adopted the name of a radio quiz show = truth or consequences +In which year was the sculptor and painter Alberto Giacommetti born = 1901 +Bougainville is part of which island group = solomon +How many novels did Anthony Trollope write = 47 +Papeete is the capital of which overseas area of France = french polynesia +In which year was prohibition repealed in the USA = 1933 +What nationality was the playwright August Strindberg = swedish +What does the constellation Vulpecula represent = fox +What kind of creature is a 'hoatzin' = bird +A marigraph is an instrument which records what = tide level +What kind of animal is a 'margay' = cat +Bodrum in Turkey is on the site of which famous city = halicarnassus +A 'dybbuk' is an evil spirit in which folklore = jewish +The Admiralty islands are part of which country = papua new guinea +The Cassini division is associated with which planet = saturn +What was the real first name of Tennessee Williams = thomas +Burke and Wills are most associated with the exploration of which continent = australia +Nephrite is a variety of which substance = jade +The conqueror Temujin was better known by what name = genghis khan +In which country is the city of Samarkand = uzbekistan +What is the birthstone of someone born on Christmas Day = turquoise +The extinct elephant bird was native to which island = madagascar +The coelacanth, once thought to be extinct, is what kind of creature = fish +In mythology who continued to weep after she had been turned to stone = niobe +In the Bible who was the mother of Ishmael = hagar +Who wrote the novel 'King Solomon's Mines' = h rider haggard +In India who or what is a 'dacoit' = robber +What kind of creatures are 'ratites' = birds +What nationality was the artist Hieronymus Bosch = dutch +Which part of the body is affected by the condition "blepharism' = eyelid +Who wrote the poem 'Hudibras' = samuel butler +Malcolm Cooper is an Olympic gold medal winner in which sport = shooting +Which island is called Kalaallit Nunaat in its own language = greenland +King Ludwig of Bavaria was patron of which composer = wagner +Which Pacific republic was formerly known as the New Hebrides = vanuatu +Which musical instrument has a mouthpiece called a 'fipple' = recorder +Which palace was built by Henry VIII on the site of a leper hospital = saint james's +Worn in ancient Greece what was a 'petasus' = hat +What does 'll Trovatore', as in the opera, mean = the troubador +In which city would you find the Hancock Tower and Filene's bargain basement = boston, mass +By what name is Jacopo Robusti better known = tintoretto +Which two US Presidents shared 1924 as the year of their birth = george bush & jimmy carter +Whose latest bestseller is entitled' look to Windward' = lain m banks +Place the following musical terms in order of increasing speed Lento, Largo, Andante, Allegro and Presto = lento, largo, andante, allegro and presto +Which Gilbert and Sullivan Opera is subtitled The Slave of Duty = pirates of penzance +Where would you find the volcano loki = on jupiter's moon i0 +What is the opening line of the Star Spangled Banner = oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light +What was Winston Churchill's only novel = savrola +Westminster Abbey was originally a monastery of which order of monks = benedictines +Which word can precede the following; -count -bath -bank = blood +Where would you find tricounis, clinkers and muggers = on the soles of old hiking boots +Written by Richard Ford, and made into a box office smash at the cinema, which book won the 1996 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction = independence day +Which German City is the home to the Becks brewery = bremen +What was set up in 1792 due to the treat of a French Invasion, and published its first official series in 1805 = ordnance survey +What is meant by the cookery term ' A La Crecy' = served with carrots +Madonna has had 8 number 1 's in the UK singles chart, yet her best selling single only reached number 3. Name it = like a virgin +Which polar explorer died in a plane crash, while searching for a missing Italian airship = ronald amundsen +Known as 'England's Darling' who led a resistance against William the Conqueror, on the Isle of Ely in 1070 = hereward the wake +Which beer was first brewed in Leuven in 1366 = stella artois +Which American author wrote the million pound sellers 'The Witches of Eastwick' and 'The Poorhouse Fair' = john updike +What was the name of the company founded by Prince Rupert in 1670 to trade furs with the North American Indians = hudson bay company +Who succeeded U Thant as Secretary General of the United Nations in 1972 = kurt waldheim +Which John Wayne film was a hit for Ultravox in 1982 = reap the wild wind +At which sport did Yvonne McGregor win a bronze medal for Great Britain at the Sydney Olympics = cycling +Which fictional character first appeared in 194 i, when she came to America from her Amazon homeland of Paradise Island to help the US defeat the Nazis = diana prince = wonder woman +In which US City is the TV programme' Ali McBeal' based = boston +Two islands are situated in San Francisco harbour. One is Alcatraz, name the other = angel island +Which comic book hero, with an alter ego of Steve Rogers, did Joe Simon and Jack Kirby create = captain america +Which railway station in London, designed by Edward Wilson and opened in 1874, serves East Anglia = :liverpool street +From which London jail did Ronnie Biggs escape in 1965 = wandsworth +Harrison Ford's performance in which film earned him his only Best Actor nomination = witness +In the Bible, who is recorded in' Acts' as purchasing a plot of land known as Potter's Field = judas iscariot +Which British animal has the scientific name Meles Meles = badger +Who led the revolt against Henry III during the Baron Wars of 1264 to 1267 = simon de montfort +Prior to their 1999 UK number 1 hit 'Maria', which record was Blondie's last number 1 in the UK singles chart = the tide is high +Which band were named after a 1950 film starring Bette Davis, Anne Baxter, George Sanders and Celeste Holm = all about eve +Which mythical land was supposed to lie between Cornwall and the Scilly Isles = l yonesse +Which car manufacturer takes its name from the Latin for 'I roll' = volvo +The battlefield of Austerlitz is in which modern day country = czech republic +In which Isle of Wight town would you find the History of Smuggling Museum = ventnor +Mentioned in many westerns, which Texan city, situated at the base of the Franklin Mountains, stands on the Rio Grande = el paso +The roadrunner, found in the deserts of North America, is a member of which bird family = cuckooo +In film, collectively, how were Gabriel Byme, Stephen Baldwin, Benico Del Toro, Kevin Pollock and Kevin Spacey known in 1995 = usual suspects +What creature is the subject of Roald Dahl's children's book Esio Trot = tortoise +Name the year. South African police kill 56 people in Shatpeville, Israeli intelligence agents capture Adolf Eichmann, and Nigeria gains its independence. = 1960 +A bottle of wine originating from the Mondavi coastal vineyard is produced in which country = u s a +Which British animal has the scientific name Lutra Lutra = otter +In children's literature what was the name that appeared over the door of 'Winnie the Pooh's house = mr sanders +During the time of the Roman occupation it was known as Lutetia. How is it known today = paris +Name the year. Walt Disney dies, Hastings Banda becomes Malawi's first President, and Nelson's pillar in O'Connell Street, Dublin is blown up = 1966 +The Romans called it Venta Belgarum. What is it called today = winchester +According to the song, in which city was 'The House of the Rising Sun' = new orleans +A bottle of wine originating from the 'Nobilo' vineyards, is produced in which country = new zealand +In the Old Testament, who consulted the Witch of Endor = king saul +Which one word links a Scottish river, the captain of the New Zealand Rugby Union team, and a BBC comedy programme = blackadder +In which battle of 1571 did the combined Spanish and Venetian forces defeat the Turkish navy = lepanto +Which is the largest member of the kingfisher family = kookaburra +Which one word connects Illinois, Mary O'Brien and 'The Simpsons' = springfield +In Greek mythology, who turned Odysseus's men into pigs = circe +In which battle of 1709 did the allied English army under Marlborough defeat French force led by Marshal Villars = malplaquet +The pop star 'Moby' is the great-grandson ofwhich famous author = herman mel ville +Which Marx Brothers film features a bunch of Nazis trying to make off with stolen treasure = a night in casablanca +What term can describe a cheap disreputable nightclub, and a style of ragtime piano playing = honky tonk +76. The first UK Top 10 chart appeared in November 1952 when A1 Martino was No 1 with 'Here in my Heart'. Who had three songs in that first top 10 chart = vera lynn +Which fishing port in California was the setting for Steinbeck's novels 'Cannery Row' and 'Tortilla Flat' = monterrey +Fu Manchu was the adversary of which Scotland Yard detective = nayland smith +What was the name given to the 3rd Indian Division that operated under the command of Brigadier Wingate during World War II = chindits +Which gangster was shot dead by the FBI on 22 July 1934 as he came out of the Biograph cinema in Chicago = john dillinger +Prior to David Coulthard this year, who was the last British driver to win the Monaco Grand Prix = jackie stewart +Bill Clinton is the first Democrat to be elected to two terms in office since which American President = franklin d roosevelt +Which Turkish town was the birthplace of St Paul = tarsus +What kind of animal is a civet = cat +Outside which building in London was Charles I executed = the banqueting house +What is the fruit of the 'Rubus fructicosus' = blackberry +What is the currency of Israel = shekel +Which country has the e-mail address '.ie' = republic of ireland +Who wrote the opera Rodelinda = handel +Which saint's emblem is two breasts on a dish = st agatha +Who carried the Union Jack at the opening ceremony in the Sydney Olympics = matthew pinsent +In which South/Central American country is the active volcano Arenal = costa rica +Whose debut album is named Hot = melanie b +Which bird family are the Anserinae = geese +Which Shakespeare play has only two female characters, Portia and Calpurnia = julius caesar +What is the common name of the plant Myosotis = forget me not +Where was the first beachhead established in the Falklands' War = san carlos +Who wrote From this Moment On = cole porter +What shape is the pasta conciglie = shell-shaped +The word ghetto is derived from the area in Venice where the Jews were confined. What does ghetto mean in Venetian dialect = foundry +In which opera do Ping, Pang and Pong appear = turandot +What can be described as a Flemish Bond = brickwork +Who in the 60s produced the 'Space Age' collection = pierre cardin +Who invented the World Wide Web = tim berners-lee +In which part of Britain did Boadicea's Iceni live = east anglia +An emmet is which type of a creature in old language = ant +In which city is the Grosvenor Museum situated = chester +What is the title of Geri Halliwell's recent book = if only = +Which London house was the home of the Duke Of Wellington. It was also known as No. 1 London. = apsley house +What kind of animal is a peccary = pig +What is the fruit of the Prunus Armeniaca = apricot +What is the currency of Holland = guilder +What country has the e-mail address '.za' = south africa +Who wrote the opera Fortinbras = schubert +Which saint's emblem is two eyes in a dish = st lucy +Who lit the Olympic flame at Sydney = cathy freeman +In which South/Central American country is the active volcano Cotopaxi = ecuador +Whose recent album is called Painting It Red = beautiful south +Who discovered the cholera micro-organism = koch +Whose last words were: 'Die, my dear Doctor, that is the last thing I shall do!' = lord palmerston +Which bird family are the Columbidae = doves and pigeons +Which Shakespeare play has female characters, Bianca and Katherine = the taming of the shrew +What is the common name of the plant Nigella = love in a mist +Name the British nuclear submarine that sank the General Belgrano = hms conqueror +Who wrote Mountain Greenery = rodgers and hart +What shape is the pasta Farfalle = butterfly-shaped +Which two of New York's boroughs are actually islands = manhattan & staten island +What colour is the left hand circle of the Olympic rings = blue +For which state was Al Gore a senator = tennessee +Which knight of the Round Table fought the Green Knight = sir gawain +In which musical is the song Day by Day = godspell +In which country is Bukhara = usbekistan +In which palace was Queen Elizabeth I born = greenwich +What is the name of the straits that separate Sicily from Italy = messina +According to the Old Testament, who was the wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac = sarah +Who is the new President of Yugoslavia = vojislav kostunica +Which eponymous animal in a children's story had friends called Merrylegs and Ginger = black beauty +Don John of Austria, the victorious admiral at Lepanto, was the illegitimate son of which Holy Roman Emperor = charles v +If a dish is described as "a la forestiere" which ingredient must it contain = mushrooms +Name Dolly Parton's Smokey Mountain theme park = dollywood +Name the fourth book of the Old Testament = numbers +What type of fruit are "Lancashire Lad" & "Langley Gage" = gooseberries +In the key of D major, which note is "Me" = f sharp +What is the capital of Slovenia = ljubljana +What is the main grape used in Chianti = sangiovese +What structure consisting of many blood cells, feeds the foetus during pregnancy = placenta +Which inert gas is a fission product of uranium nuclear reactors = xenon +Mexico shares a southern border with Guatamala and which other country = belize +Who makes the last speech in Shakespeare's "Macbeth" = malcolm +Traditionally what anniversary is your 55th = emerald +What car did Caractacus Potts drive = chitty chitty bang bang +Which European capital city has a bridge called the "Halfpenny Bridge" = dublin +What is the name of the staff carried by a bishop = crosier +Which British town did the Romans call DUBRIS = dover +Who composed "Ein Heldenleben" = richard strauss +Which Gilbert & Sullivan operetta contains the aria "The moon and I" = mikado +How many BTU's in a therm = 100,000 +The love story of which writer is portrayed in the film ""Shadowlands" = c s lewis +Which two cities are linked by the M8 = glasgow & edinburgh +Which South American national flag consists of nine blue and white horizontal stripes with a golden sun in the top left corner = uruguay +Name 10 CC's first UK No 1 = rubber bullets +Who painted "Van Gogh painting sunflowers" = paul gauguin +What was the then title of the man who married Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923 = duke of york +The common garden flower TAGETES is a variety of which popular plant = marigold +Ramon Mercador assassinated whom = leon trotsky +Who makes the last speech in Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar" = octavian +Which Roman fortification ran from the Firth of Clyde to the Firth of Forth = antonine wall +Which Gilbert & Sullivan operetta contains the aria "Oh, Foolish Fay" = iolanthe +What is the capital of Macedonia = skopje +Why was Naga Jolokia in the news in August this year = the hottest chilli known +A dish described as "Lyonnaise" has which ingredient = onions +Don Carlos, subject of an opera by Verdi, was the half brother of which king of Spain = philip iii +What name is given to the small sac or cavity from which a hair grows = follicle +Which father and daughter starred in the film "Tiger Bay" = john & hayley mills +Which European city has a bridge called the "Donkey Bridge" = amsterdam +Name the fifth largest of the Channel Islands. = herm +The Timor sea and the Arafura sea are off the north coast of which country = australia +By what name was Robert Stroud better known = birdman of alcatraz +Which nation recently won the Alfred Dunhill Cup at St. Andrews = spain +What name is given to the cap worn by a cardinal = biretta +Which birth sign precedes Cancer = gemini +Who composed "Emilia de Liverpool" = donizetti +What is the key signature of E flat major = 3 flats +How many inches in a cubit = eighteen = 18 +In country music, who is the "Coalminer's Daughter" = loretta lynn +What type of fruit are "Malling Jet" & "Wellington XXX" = blackcurrants +What is the main grape used in Barolo and Barbaresco = nebbiolo +What food did Tigga in Winnie the Pooh finally find he liked = extract of malt +Who is the second highest wicket taker in Test Cricket history = kapil dev +In which American state is the Three Mile Island nuclear reactor = pennysilvania +Which group's first album was called "Piper at the Gates of Dawn" = pink floyd +To which instrument does an orchestra normally tune = oboe +How precisely is the bird CYGNUS CYGNUS better known = whooper swan +Who in 1497 established the first Portuguese colony in India = vasco da gama +In Greek myth how were the children of Uranus & Gaea collectively known = the titans +Who wrote in 'Sonnets from the Portuguese "How do I love thee = let me count the ways."' = elizabeth browning +Which German city was the target of the first 'thousand bomber raid = cologne +Which battle took place in Leicestershire in 1485 = bosworth field +Oberon is a moon of which planet = uranus +Who was the husband of Jennie Van Westphalen = karl marx +On which Spanish costa would you find the resort of Alicante = costa blanca +Which king was known as 'The Hammer of the Scots' = edward i +Who wrote "The Nine Tailors" = dorothy l sayers +Which element, atomic number 74, takes its name from the Swedish for Heavy Stone = tungsten +Which holiday company is currently using the song "The Time of My Life" from "Dirty Dancing" to advertise its holidays = sandals +Fort Baxter, Kansas was the fictional setting for which TV series = seargant bilko = phil silvers show +As at 29 October 2000 who is the Prime Minister of Canada = jean chretien +Which part of the body is affected by the condition stomatitis = mouth +In which town does the comic hero Desperate Dan live = cactusville +Which crime fiction writer's titles have an alphabetical theme. e.g A is for Alibi and E is for evidence. = sue grafton +In the Bible, who sold his birthright for a mess of potage = esau +A radian is a unit used to measure what = angle +As at 29 October 2000 who is the Prime Minister of Australia = john howard +Which film role links Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Olivia de Havilland and Audrey Hepburn = maid marian +Which crime fiction writer's titles have a numerical theme. e.g. 1 for the money, 2 for the Dough = janet evanovich +Name the English king who met King Francis 1st of France on the Field of the Cloth of Gold. = henry vii +Circle, Parabola and Hyperbola are three 3 of the four curves known as the conic sections. Name the fourth. = ellipse +In which U.S. state is Fort Knox = kentucky +In the Bible, who built the Golden Calf for the Israelites to worship = aaron +Which part of the body is affected by the condition nephritis = kidneys +Which element, atomic number 55, takes its name from the Greek for heavy = barium +Who wrote "The Four Just Men" = edgar wallace +Charter 77 was an association of individuals devoted to the assertion of lost human rights in which European country = czechoslovakia +Which internet company is currently using the song "Puppy Love" to advertise its search engine = lycos +Which film and TV role links, Leslie Howard, David Niven, Barry K Barnes and Anthony Andrews = the scarlet pimpernel +Which European city is served by Cointrin airport = geneva +Where would you find the only freshwater seals in the world = lake baikal +What is the common name of the herb Melissa Officanalis = lemon balm +The Beach Boys had two British number one hits, "Good Vibrations" and which other = do it again +Who painted " Girl with Red Scarf and Black Trousers" = l s lowry +In which county is the National Trust property "Cotehele" = cornwall +Whose face was described as being "like a woollen mat" = noel coward +Name the seaport of Tokyo = yokohama +The prefix 'thio' in chemical compounds indicates the presence of which element = sulphur +Which actress appeared in "A Handful of Dust", "The English Patient" and "The Horse Whisperer" = kirstin scott thomas +Who designed the Palace of Westminster = sir charles barry +According to the Beatles, how many holes are there in Blackburn = 4000 +Whose recent biography is entitled "Out of the Frying Pan" = keith floyd +Which Planet is 228 million kilometres from the Sun and has an orbital time of 1.88 years = mars +The English translation is "Ocean of Wisdom". How do we know the more common original = dalai lama +What was the pen-name of Eric Arthur Blair = george orwell +Who painted Six Bells, Abertillery, Rhondda = l s lowry +What does the SI prefix 'pico' mean = one millionth millionth +In which county is the National Trust property "Arlington Court" = devon +The United Nations building in New York was designed by whom = le corbusier +Which actor appeared in "Pulp Fiction", Reservoir Dogs" and "The Piano" = harvey keitel +According to the Beatles, upon what will there be a show for the benefit of Mr. Kite = trampoline +What is the name of the seaport of Perth, Western Australia = freemantle +An English translation is "Wind and Water". How do we know the more common original = feng shui +Which Planet is 2872 million kilometres from the Sun and has an orbital time of 84 years = uranus +Whose recent biography is entitled "Life in the Jungle" = michael hezeltine +Who was the last Danish king of England = hardicanute +Who directed John Wayne's last film "The Shootist" = don siegel +In what year was Joan of Arc burned at the stake = 1431 +With what branch of the arts is Rudolf Von Laban associated = dance = ballet +Who won this year's Nobel peace prize = kim dae jung +Who was known as "The King of Swing" = benny goodman +In Greek mythology who was the wife of Orpheus, the subject of the earliest surviving opera by Peri = eurydice +Name The Year: Pres. Reagan shot and wounded by John W. Hinckley Jr. = 1981 +Name The Year: Third Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 3 returns to Earth. = 1982 +Name The Year: U.S. ends participation in multinational peace force in Lebanon. = 1984 +Name The Year: Portugal regains independence after 60 years of Spanish rule. = 1640 +Name The Year: Charles and M.N. Roberts ascend 2,000' in a hydrogen balloon. = 1783 +Name The Year: Santo Domingo (Dominican Rep) proclaims independence from Spain. = 1821 +Name The Year: Dom Pedro crowned emperor of Brazil. = 1822 +Name The Year: Sino-Portuguese treaty recognizes Portugal's control of Macao. = 1887 +Name The Year: Continuous moving assembly line introduced by Ford (1 car every 2.5 minutes). = 1913 +Name The Year: Iceland becomes independent state under the Danish crown. = 1918 +Name The Year: Lady Astor sworn-in as 1st female member of British Parliament. = 1919 +Name The Year: BINGO invented by Edwin S Lowe. = 1929 +Name The Year: Sergei Kirov Josef Stalin's collaborator, assassinated in Leningrad. = 1934 +Name The Year: Woody Allen [Allen Stuart Konigsberg] (Zelig, Annie Hall, Manhattan Murder Mystery), born. = 1935 +Name The Year: Lee Trevino, golfer (US Open 1968,71), born. = 1939 +Name The Year: Bell Labs tests coaxial cable for TV use. = 1936 +Name The Year: Richard Pryor, comedian/actor (Lady Sings the Blues, Stir Crazy), born. = 1940 +Name The Year: Bette Midler, singer/actress (Do You Want to Dance?), born. = 1945 +Name The Year: Aleister Crowley, occultist dies at 74. = 1947 +Name The Year: Central African Rep made autonomous member of French Commonwealth (Nat'l Day). = 1958 +Name The Year: 12 nations sign a treaty for scientific peaceful use of Antarctica. = 1959 +Name The Year: 1st color photograph of Earth from outer space. = 1959 +Name The Year: Australia grants self-government to Papua New Guinea. = 1973 +Name The Year: David Ben-Gurion founding father of Israel dies in Tel Aviv at 87. = 1973 +Name The Year: Digging begins to link England and France under the English Channel. = 1987 +Name The Year: Benazir Bhutto named 1st female PM of a Moslem country (Pakistan). = 1988 +Name The Year: East Germany drops the communist monopoly from its constitution. = 1989 +Name The Year: USSR Pres Mikhail S Gorbachev meets Pope John Paul II at the Vatican. = 1989 +Name The Year: British and French workers meet in English Channel's tunnel (Chunnel). = 1990 +Name The Year: Iraq accepts Bush's offer for talks. = 1990 +Name The Year: Lithauania, Estonia and Latvia hold their 1st joint session. = 1990 +Name The Year: Inaugural AIDS awareness day. = 1991 +Name The Year: Ukranian people vote for independence. = 1991 +Name The Year: Napoleon becomes 1st French emperor, placing crown on his own head. = 1804 +Name The Year: Napoleon defeats Russians & Austrians at Austerlitz. = 1805 +Name The Year: Franz Josef I becomes emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. = 1848 +Name The Year: 2nd French empire established; Louis Napoleon becomes emperor. = 1852 +Name The Year: Georges Seurat France, painter/pointillist (Grande Jatte), born. = 1859 +Name The Year: Peter Carl Goldmark, developed color TV & LP records, born. = 1906 +Name The Year: The opera "Samson et Dalila" is produced (Rouen). = 1877 +Name The Year: Gillette patents 1st disposable razor. = 1901 +Name The Year: Randolph Hearst newspaper publisher, born. = 1915 +Name The Year: 1st controlled nuclear chain reaction (University of Chicago). = 1942 +Name The Year: Benelux treaty signed by Belgium, Netherlands & Luxembourg. = 1958 +Name The Year: Fidel Castro declares he's a Marxist, & will lead Cuba to Communism. = 1961 +Name The Year: Soviet Mars 3 is 1st to soft land on Mars. = 1971 +Name The Year: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujeira, Sharjah & Umm ak Qiwain form the United Arab Emirates. = 1971 +Name The Year: Monica Seles tennis star (French Open-1990), born. = 1973 +Name The Year: Laos People's Democratic Republic founded (National Day). = 1975 +Name The Year: 1st permanent artificial heart successfully implanted (U of Utah) in retired dentist Barney Clark; lived 112 days with the Jarvic-7 heart. = 1982 +Name The Year: Desi Arnaz actor (Ricky Ricardo-I Love Lucy), dies at 69. = 1986 +Name The Year: "Naked Gun" premieres, a movie based on TV's "Police Squad". = 1988 +Name The Year: 1st parlimentary election in newly reunified Germany. = 1990 +Name The Year: Charles VI [the Well-Beloved], king of France (1380-1422), born. = 1368 +Name The Year: Sir Thomas Herriot introduces potatoes to England, from Colombia. = 1586 +Name The Year: Galileo perfects the telescope. = 1621 +Name The Year: Edmund Halley receives MA from Queen's College, Oxford. = 1678 +Name The Year: Ludvig Baron Holberg, a founder of Danish & Norwegian literature, born. = 1684 +Name The Year: Sir Rowland Hill introduced 1st adhesive postage stamp (1840). = 1795 +Name The Year: John Backus, inventor (FORTRAN computer language), born. = 1924 +Name The Year: Tennessee Williams play "A Streetcar Named Desire", opens. = 1947 +Name The Year: Ozzy Osbourne heavy metal musician, born. = 1948 +Name The Year: Mel Smith author/comedian, born. = 1952 +Name The Year: 1st human heart transplant performed (Dr Christian Barnard, S Africa). = 1967 +Name The Year: Pioneer 10 passes Jupiter (1st fly-by of an outer planet). = 1973 +Name The Year: 2,000 die from Union Carbide poison gas emission in Bhopal, India. = 1984 +Name The Year: A new war government takes office in France. = 1793 +Name The Year: The Bulgarian Government adopts a Communist Constitution. = 1947 +Name The Year: (AUSTRIA) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, composer, dies aged 37. = 1791 +Name The Year: (USA) Walt Disney born. = 1901 +Name The Year: (FRANCE) Claude Monet, imperssionist painter, dies. = 1926 +Name The Year: (USA) Ira Gershwin, composer, born. = 1896 +Name The Year: NASA launch Pioneer III. = 1958 +Name The Year: The Roman politician, Cicero, is slain. = 43BC +Name The Year: USA declares war on the Prussian-Hungarian forces, joining World War One on the side of the Allies. = 1917 +Name The Year: Japanese bomb Pearl Harbour. The USA join Allies in fighting the Axis forces soon after. = 1941 +Name The Year: (USA) Rube Goldberg, inventor and cartoonist, dies. = 1971 +Name The Year: Weekly airmail route starts between Australia and the United Kingdom. = 1934 +Name The Year: The Allies, along with Free France declare war on Japan. = 1941 +Name The Year: Saidi, great Persian poet (Orchard, Rose Garden) dies. = 1292 +Name The Year: Gustavus II Adolphus, king who made Sweden a major power (1611-32) = 1594 +Name The Year: John Milton, poet and puritan (Paradise Lost) born. = 1608 +Name The Year: Emmett Kelly, circus clown (Weary Willie) born. = 1898 +Name The Year: Margaret Hamilton, actor (Wizard of Oz -- Wicked Witch of the West) born. = 1902 +Name The Year: Douglas Fairbanks, Jr, actor (Ghost Story) born. = 1909 +Name The Year: Kirk Douglas, actor (Gunfight at the OK Corral, 7 Days in May) = 1918 +Name The Year: Redd Foxx, actor (Sanford and Son), comedian, born. = 1922 +Name The Year: Robert J.L. Hawke (Labor), prime minister of Australia (1983-1991) born. = 1929 +Name The Year: Donny Osmond, singer born. = 1957 +Name The Year: UN Gen Assembly unanimously approves Convention on Genocide. = 1948 +Name The Year: Tanganyika gains independence from Britain. = 1961 +Name The Year: Pioneer Venus 2 drops 5 probes into atmosphere of Venus. = 1978 +Name The Year: Martin Luther publicly burned papal edict demanding that he recant. = 1520 +Name The Year: Thomas H. Gallaudet, pioneer of educating the deaf, born. = 1787 +Name The Year: Cesar Franck (in Belgium), composer, born. = 1822 +Name The Year: George Macdonald, Scottish novelist (Lilith), born. = 1824 +Name The Year: Emily Dickinson (in Amherst, Mass), poet, born. = 1830 +Name The Year: Melvil Dewey, created the Dewey Decimal System for libraries = 1851 +Name The Year: Alfred Nobel dies; Swedish Nobel Prize ceremony on this date. = 1896 +Name The Year: Spanish-American War ends -- U.S. acquires Guam, Puerto Rico, the Phillipines, and Cuba from Spain. = 1898 +Name The Year: First Nobel Peace Prizes (to Jean Henri Dunant, Frederic Passy). = 1901 +Name The Year: Pres. Theodore Roosevelt (first American) awarded Nobel Peace Prize. = 1906 +Name The Year: Dorothy Lamour (in New Orleans, LA), actor (Road to Bali), born. = 1914 +Name The Year: UN General Assembly adopts Universal Declaration on Human Rights. = 1948 +Name The Year: First Human Rights Day. = 1949 +Name The Year: Susan Dey, actor (First Love, LA Law), born. = 1952 +Name The Year: Nia Peeples born. = 1961 +Name The Year: Zanzibar gains independence from Britain. = 1963 +Name The Year: Israeli hmuel Yosef Agnon wins Nobel Prize for literature. = 1966 +Name The Year: Singer Otis Redding dies in plane crash at 26. = 1967 +Name The Year: Soyuz 26 carries 2 cosmonauts to Salyut 6 space station. = 1977 +Name The Year: Soyuz T-5 returns to Earth, 211 days after take-off. = 1982 +Name The Year: South African Bishop Desmond Tutu received his Nobel Peace Prize. = 1984 +Name The Year: (US) Gugliemo Marconi sends the first wireless message across the Atlantic. = 1911 +Name The Year: (Ireland) Martial Law Declared. = 1920 +Name The Year: A general election results in a hung Parliament in the UK. James MacDonald, of the UK Labor Party wins the follow-up election next year. = 1923 +Name The Year: (UK) King George V crowned Emperor of India and founds New Dehli to replace Calcutta as the capital. = 1911 +Name The Year: (Germany) Hugo Junkers completes the first all metal airplane. = 1915 +Name The Year: The first "motel" opens in California's San Luis Obispo. = 1925 +Name The Year: Kenyan Independance Day. = 1964 +Name The Year: US, Japan, UK & France sign a treaty aimed at controlling naval build-up in the Pacific Ocean. = 1921 +Name The Year: Lebanon and Syria are made independent. = 1945 +Name The Year: Amundsen of Norway reaches the south pole. = 1911 +Name The Year: Women get the vote in Turkey = 1934 +Name The Year: Portugese President Sidonio Paes is assassinated. = 1918 +Name The Year: (Geneva, Switzerland) China and Austria added to Leauge of Nations = 1920 +Name The Year: Catherine of Aragon, first wife of Henry VIII, born. = 1485 +Name The Year: English Parliament adopts Bill of Rights after Cromwell's Revolution. = 1689 +Name The Year: Ludwig von Beethoven (in Bonn, Germany), composer, born. = 1770 +Name The Year: Big Tea Party in Boston Harbor. Indians welcome. British unwelcome. = 1773 +Name The Year: Jane Austen (in England), novelist (Pride and Prejudice), born. = 1775 +Name The Year: George Santayana, philosopher, poet, humanist, born. = 1863 +Name The Year: Anton Dvorak's "New World Symphony" premieres. = 1893 +Name The Year: Sir Noel Coward, playwright, born. = 1899 +Name The Year: "Variety", covering all phases of show business, first published. = 1905 +Name The Year: South Pole first reached, by Norwegian Roald Amundsen. = 1911 +Name The Year: Arthur C. Clarke, science-fiction author (2001, Childhood's End), born. = 1917 +Name The Year: Liv Ullman (in Tokyo, Japan), actor (Cries and Whispers), born. = 1939 +Name The Year: Battle of the Bulge begins. = 1944 +Name The Year: Gemini VI returns to Earth. = 1965 +Name The Year: Pope Paul III excommunicated England's King Henry VIII. = 1538 +Name The Year: France recognizes the independance of the 13 US colonies. = 1777 +Name The Year: Sir Humphry Davy, discovered several chemical elements = 1778 +Name The Year: Aztec calendar stone discovered in Mexico City. = 1790 +Name The Year: New York City traffic regulation creates the first one-way street. = 1791 +Name The Year: "A Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens published in London. = 1843 +Name The Year: Violent bread riots at Montreal. = 1875 +Name The Year: At 10:35AM, for 12 seconds, first sustained motorized aircraft flight (36 meters) by Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk, NC. = 1903 +Name The Year: Willard Frank Libby, invented carbon-14 "atomic clock", born. = 1908 +Name The Year: Japan receives League of Nations mandate over Pacific islands. = 1920 +Name The Year: First movie opening simultaneously in major cities "On The Beach". = 1959 +Name The Year: Budweiser rocket car reaches 1190 kph (record for wheeled vehicle). = 1979 +Name The Year: Charles Wesley, cofounder of Methodist movement = 1707 +Name The Year: Elizabeth, empress of Russia (to Peter the Great and Catherine I) = 1709 +Name The Year: Antonio Stradivari, violin maker, dies. = 1737 +Name The Year: Joseph Grimaldi, English pantomimist, "greatest clown in history" = 1779 +Name The Year: William Bond obtains first photograph of moon through a telescope. = 1849 +Name The Year: Paul Klee, Swiss abstract painter = 1879 +Name The Year: Edwin Armstrong, radio pioneer (invented FM) = 1890 +Name The Year: Auto speed record set -- 63 kph. = 1898 +Name The Year: George Grant wins patent for his golf tee. = 1899 +Name The Year: Willy Brandt (SD), chancellor of West Germany (1969-74) (Nobel '71) = 1913 +Name The Year: Betty Grable (in St. Louis, MO), actor = 1916 +Name The Year: Mohammed Ali, boxer = 1942 +Name The Year: Keith Richard, guitarist (Rolling Stones) = 1943 +Name The Year: Uruguay joined the United Nations. = 1945 +Name The Year: Steven Spielberg, director (Jaws, Raiders of the Lost Ark, etc.) = 1947 +Name The Year: Japan admitted to the United Nations. = 1956 +Name The Year: Niger gains autonomy within French Community (National Day). = 1958 +Name The Year: India annexes Portuguese colonies of Goa, Damao and Diu. = 1961 +Name The Year: Borman and Lovell Splash down in Atlantic. Ends two week Gemini VII flight. = 1965 +Name The Year: The British parliament voted for the abolition of death penalty. = 1969 +Name The Year: US began its heaviest bombing of North Vietnam. = 1972 +Name The Year: Soyuz 13 launched into earth orbit for 8 days. = 1973 +Name The Year: Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin suffered a fatal heart attack at 76. = 1980 +Name The Year: UN Security Council unanimously condemns 'acts of hostage-taking'. = 1985 +Name The Year: Philip V, first Bourbon king of Spain (1700-46) = 1683 +Name The Year: Robinson Crusoe leaves his island after 28 years (as per Defoe). = 1686 +Name The Year: Benjamin Frankin begins publication of "Poor Richard's Almanack". = 1732 +Name The Year: Vitus Bering, Dutch navigator and explorer, died. = 1741 +Name The Year: Thomas Paine publishes his first 'American Crisis' essay. = 1776 +Name The Year: Sir William Parry, British Arctic explorer = 1790 +Name The Year: Mary Ashton Livermore, American reformer, women's suffrage leader = 1821 +Name The Year: Leonid Brezhnev (in Ukraine), Soviet statesman, in the Ukraine = 1906 +Name The Year: Jean Genet, French novelist and playwright (The Blacks) = 1910 +Name The Year: British Broadcasting Corp. began transmitting overseas. = 1932 +Name The Year: War broke out in Indochina as Ho Chi Minh attacked the French. = 1946 +Name The Year: Jennifer Beals (in Chicago), actor (Flashdance) = 1963 +Name The Year: Alyassa Milano, actor (Who's the Boss) = 1972 +Name The Year: Apollo 17 returns to Earth. = 1972 +Name The Year: USSR frees dissident Andrei Sakharov from internal exile. = 1986 +Name The Year: Russian calendar adjusted so Russian New Year occurs on January 1st, instead of September 1st. = 1699 +Name The Year: Turkey cedes the island of Crete to the Egyptians. = 1832 +Name The Year: Assorted Russian republics form together to found the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. = 1922 +Name The Year: (USA) John Steinbeck, author, died. = 1968 +Name The Year: Five year truce between England and Scotland began. = 1491 +Name The Year: Benjamin Disraeli, British Statesman, born. = 1804 +Name The Year: Josef Stalin, Russian dictator, born. = 1879 +Name The Year: (England) F. Scott Fitzgerald, author, died. = 1940 +Name The Year: Ecuador and Iraq join the United Nations. = 1945 +Name The Year: N.A.S.A. launch Apollo 8 to fly around the moon. = 1968 +Name The Year: Dominican Order of Friars confirmed by the Pope. = 1216 +Name The Year: J. Arthur Rank, USA filmmaker, born. = 1888 +Name The Year: Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia, died. = 1913 +Name The Year: Coelacanth, a fish thought to have been extinct for 65 million years caught of the coast of South Africa. = 1938 +Name The Year: St. Philip of Moscow martyred by Ivan the Terrible. = 1569 +Name The Year: (Italy) Giovanni Cassini discovers Rhea, a satellite of Saturn. = 1672 +Name The Year: (England) John Flamsteed observes Uranus but doesn't realize it's undiscovered. = 1690 +Name The Year: (Scotland) Richard Arkwright, invented spinning frame. = 1732 +Name The Year: Alexander I, tsar of Russia (1801-25), born. = 1777 +Name The Year: George Washington resigned as US Army's commander-in-chief. = 1783 +Name The Year: Jean-Francois Champollion, deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics. = 1790 +Name The Year: (USA) Joesph Smith, founder of the Mormon church, born. = 1805 +Name The Year: Joseph Hansom of London receives patent for Hansom cabs. = 1834 +Name The Year: (Italy) Jose Greco, dancer, born. = 1918 +Name The Year: Ireland divided into two parts, each with its own parliament. = 1920 +Name The Year: (USA) Transistor invented by Bardeen, Brattain and Shockley in Bell Labs. = 1947 +Name The Year: PM Tojo, 6 other Japanese hung for war crimes by US. = 1948 +Name The Year: Borman, Lovell and Anders first men to orbit moon. = 1968 +Name The Year: Earthquake destroys central Managua, Nicaragua. = 1972 +Name The Year: Six Persian Gulf nations double their oil prices. = 1973 +Name The Year: (USA) Rutan and Yeager make first around-the-world flight without refueling. = 1986 +Name The Year: Vasco da Gama Portuguese navigator dies in Cochin, India. = 1524 +Name The Year: "Silent Night" composed by Franz Joseph Gruber; 1st sung next day. = 1818 +Name The Year: James Prescott Joule, physicist, born. = 1818 +Name The Year: Giusseppi Verdi's "Aida" premieres in Cairo, at Suez canal opening. = 1871 +Name The Year: Bicycle with a back-pedal brake patented. = 1889 +Name The Year: Howard Hughes, reclusive billionaire/inventor, born. = 1905 +Name The Year: Fritz Leiber, writer, born. = 1910 +Name The Year: Anwar El Sadat, president of Egypt, born. = 1918 +Name The Year: Ava Gardner, actress, born. = 1922 +Name The Year: Albania becomes a republic. = 1924 +Name The Year: FDR appoints Gen Eisenhower supreme commander of Allied forces. = 1943 +Name The Year: 4th French republic established. = 1946 +Name The Year: United Kingdom of Libya gains independence from Italy via the UN. = 1951 +Name The Year: Laos gains its independence. = 1954 +Name The Year: Shooting begins on "The Cage" the pilot for Star Trek. = 1964 +Name The Year: Saddam says Israel will be Iraq's 1st target. = 1990 +Name The Year: Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as head of the Soviet Union. = 1991 +Name The Year: 1st Spanish settlement in New World founded by Columbus = 1492 +Name The Year: Charles Babbage, English inventor (calculating machine), born = 1792 +Name The Year: Jimmy Connors, tennis player, born = 1952 +Name The Year: Lars Ulrich, Danish/US heavy metal drummer (Metallica-Kill 'em All), born = 1963 +Name The Year: Beatles release "I Want To Hold Your Hand/I Saw Her Standing There" = 1963 +Name The Year: Harry Truman, 33rd US Pres (1945-53), dies in KC Mo at 88 = 1972 +Name The Year: 2 Skylab 3 astronauts walk in space for a record 7 hours = 1973 +Name The Year: (USA) Plane broke height altitude record at 11474 feet. = 1910 +Name The Year: (England) Charles Babbage, mathematician and developer of the speedometer, born. = 1791 +Name The Year: (USA) Coffee Percolator invented. = 1865 +Name The Year: Louis Pasteur, French bacteriologist, born. = 1822 +Name The Year: (France) Ether first used as an anasthetic in childbirth = 1845 +Name The Year: (Germany) Marlene Dietrich, actress, born. = 1901 +Name The Year: (France) Gerard Depardieu, actor, born. = 1948 +Name The Year: Thomas Beckett, archbishop, assassinated by 4 knights of King Henry II = 1170 +Name The Year: Bowling ball invented = 1862 +Name The Year: Mary Tyler Moore, Brooklyn, actress (Mary Tyler Moore, Ordinary People), born = 1937 +Name The Year: Jon Voight, Yonkers, NY, actor (Deliverance, Midnight Cowboy), born = 1938 +Name The Year: Germany begins dropping incendiary bombs on London (WW II) = 1940 +Name The Year: Ted Danson, SD Calif, actor (Sam Malone-Cheers, 3 Men & a Baby), born = 1947 +Name The Year: Nikolai Andrianov, USSR, gymnist (Olympic-gold-1972, 76, 80), born = 1952 +Name The Year: Star Trek's "Trouble With Tribbles" 1st airs = 1967 +Name The Year: Andrei Tarkovski, Russian director (Stalker), dies at 54 = 1986 +Name The Year: Frank Thring, Australian actor (El Cid, Ben-Hur), dies at 68 = 1994 +Name The Year: Shane Warne takes a hat-trick v England at cricket MCG = 1994 +Name The Year: (USA) Richard Clayderman, pianist, born. = 1953 +Name The Year: (USA) Denzel Washington, actor, born. = 1954 +Name The Year: (Messina, Italy) Earthquake (nearly 80,000 died). = 1908 +Name The Year: Chinese troops crossed the 38th Parallel in Korea. = 1950 +Name The Year: John Wycliffe English religious reformer, bible translator, dies. = 1384 +Name The Year: (France) Henri Matisse, impressionist painter, born. = 1869 +Name The Year: (USA) Edison gives 1st public demonstration of his incandescent lamp. = 1879 +Name The Year: (USA) The opera "The Pirates of Penzance" is produced (NYC). = 1879 +Name The Year: Ellis Island (NYC) opens as a US immigration depot. = 1890 +Name The Year: Brooklyn's last day as a city, it incorporates into NYC (1/1/1898). = 1897 +Name The Year: (USA) For the 1st time a ball drops at Times Square to signal the new year. = 1907 +Name The Year: (Wales) Anthony Hopkins, actor, born. = 1937 +Name The Year: (England) Ben Kingsley, Scarborough, actor, born. = 1943 +Name The Year: (USA) John Denver singer, born. = 1943 +Name The Year: (USA) Ratification of UN Charter completed. = 1945 +Name The Year: (USA) President Truman officially proclaims end of WW-II. = 1946 +Name The Year: (USA) 1st battery to convert radioactive energy to electrical announced. = 1951 +Name The Year: (USA) Val Kilmer, actor, born. = 1959 +Name The Year: (USA) 1st performance of the Beach Boys. = 1961 +Name The Year: Katanga becomes part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. = 1962 +Name The Year: Donald Woods, a banned white editor flees South Africa. = 1977 +Name The Year: Brunei gains complete independence from Britain. = 1983 +Name The Year: Clark Gable, actor (didn't give a damn about Scarlet O'Hara) = 1901 +Name The Year: The first armored car is introduced. = 1920 +Name The Year: First telecast of atomic explosion. = 1951 +Name The Year: First X-ray moving picture process demonstrated. = 1951 +Name The Year: Rick James, musician = 1952 +Name The Year: Princess Stephanie of Monaco = 1965 +Name The Year: Lisa Marie Presley, actress = 1968 +Name The Year: Sonny and Cher resumes on TV despite real life divorce. = 1976 +Name The Year: Talleyrand, French statesman and diplomat, born. = 1754 +Name The Year: First shipload of Chinese immigrants arrives in San Francisco, CA. = 1848 +Name The Year: Mexico sells U.S. Texas, California, New Mexico and Arizona. = 1848 +Name The Year: National Baseball League formed with 8 teams. = 1876 +Name The Year: S.S. Strathleven arrives in London with first successful shipment of frozen mutton from Australia. = 1880 +Name The Year: James Joyce, writer, born. = 1882 +Name The Year: Lie detector first used in court at Portage, WI. = 1935 +Name The Year: Farrah Fawcett-Major (in Texas), actress (Charlie's Angels), born. = 1947 +Name The Year: Christie Brinkley, model, born. = 1954 +Name The Year: 8 of the 9 planets aligned for the first time in 400 years. = 1962 +Name The Year: "Late Night with David Letterman" premiers. = 1981 +Name The Year: Horace Greeley, editor (told young men to go west), born. = 1811 +Name The Year: World's first commercial cheese factory is established in Switzerland. = 1815 +Name The Year: Gertrude Stein, writer, born. = 1874 +Name The Year: Norman Rockwell, artist, born. = 1894 +Name The Year: James Michener, writer, born. = 1907 +Name The Year: Yalta Conference agreed that Russia would enter WWII against Japan. = 1945 +Name The Year: Morgan Fairchild (in Dallas, TX), actress, born. = 1950 +Name The Year: "Meet the Beatles" goes gold. = 1964 +Name The Year: Luna 9, first lunar landing. = 1966 +Name The Year: Tenth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 4 is launched. = 1984 +Name The Year: J.W. Goodrich introduces rubber galoshes to the public. = 1824 +Name The Year: At Montgomery, Alabama, the Confederate States are organized. = 1861 +Name The Year: Charles A. Lindburgh, 'Lucky Lindy', born. = 1902 +Name The Year: First Winter Olympics held at Lake Placid, NY. = 1932 +Name The Year: First radioactive substance produced synthetically (radium E). = 1936 +Name The Year: Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin began a conference at Yalta. = 1945 +Name The Year: Dan Quayle, U.S. Vice-president (1989-1992), alleged twit, born. = 1947 +Name The Year: Alice Cooper, musician, born. = 1948 +Name The Year: Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) gains independence from Britain. = 1948 +Name The Year: The Reshef - Israel's missile boat - is unveiled. = 1973 +Name The Year: Abolhassan Bani-Sadr was installed as president of Iran. = 1980 +Name The Year: Dwight Lyman Moody, evangelist, born. = 1837 +Name The Year: John Boyd Dunlop, developed the pneumatic rubber tire, born. = 1840 +Name The Year: Belle Starr, entertainer of the wild west, born. = 1848 +Name The Year: Andre-Gustave Citroen, French automaker, born. = 1878 +Name The Year: Giuseppe Verdi's opera "Otello" premiers. = 1887 +Name The Year: Adlai E. Stevenson, statesman, born. = 1900 +Name The Year: Red Buttons, comedian, actor, born. = 1919 +Name The Year: N.Y. Yankees purchase 20 acres in the Bronx for Yankee Stadium. = 1921 +Name The Year: FDR proposes enlarging Supreme Court, plan failed because critics feared it would allow "court packing" in his favor. = 1937 +Name The Year: Charlotte Rampling (in England), actress, born. = 1946 +Name The Year: Barbara Hershey (in Atlanta, Georgia), actress, born. = 1948 +Name The Year: Bobby Brown, singer, married to Whitney Houston, born. = 1969 +Name The Year: New Zealand Day = 1840 +Name The Year: English Admiral Robert Fitzroy issues storm warnings for ships putting out to sea, creating the first "weather forecast." = 1861 +Name The Year: George Herman 'Babe' Ruth, born. = 1895 +Name The Year: Spanish-American War ends. = 1900 +Name The Year: Ronald Reagan, 40th President (1981-1989), born. = 1911 +Name The Year: Zsa Zsa Gabor (in Budapest), actress, ex-con, born. = 1919 +Name The Year: Tom Brokaw, journalist, born. = 1940 +Name The Year: Natalie Cole (in Los Angeles, CA), singer, born. = 1950 +Name The Year: Elizabeth II becomes queen of Great Britain. = 1952 +Name The Year: Jean-Claude "Papa Doc" Duvalier is forced to leave Haiti. = 1986 +Name The Year: John Deere, pioneer manufacturer of agricultural implements, born. = 1804 +Name The Year: Charles Dickens (in England), author, born. = 1812 +Name The Year: Ballet introduced to the U.S. at Bowery Theatre, New York City. = 1827 +Name The Year: Last bare knuckle champion John L. Sullivan KOs Paddy Ryan in Miss. = 1882 +Name The Year: The assault on Anzio begins. = 1944 +Name The Year: Garth Brooks, C&W singer, born. = 1962 +Name The Year: Soyuz 24 is launched. = 1977 +Name The Year: Mary Queen of Scots executed. = 1587 +Name The Year: Jules Verne (in France), author who pioneered what later became science fiction, born. = 1828 +Name The Year: Louis Waterman begins experiments that invent the fountain pen. = 1883 +Name The Year: Chester F. Carlson, invented xerography, born. = 1906 +Name The Year: Gypsy Rose Lee (in Seattle, WA), stripper, born. = 1914 +Name The Year: Lana Turner (in Wallace, Idaho), actress, born. = 1920 +Name The Year: Radio arrives in the White House. = 1922 +Name The Year: Jack Lemmon, actor, born. = 1925 +Name The Year: James Dean, actor (Rebel Without a Cause), born. = 1931 +Name The Year: Nick Nolte, actor, born. = 1940 +Name The Year: Mia Farrow (in Los Angeles, CA), actress, born. = 1945 +Name The Year: Gary Coleman, actor, born. = 1968 +Name The Year: Skylab 4's astronauts land. = 1974 +Name The Year: Soyuz T-10 is launched. = 1984 +Name The Year: Christian V became King of Denmark and Norway. = 1670 +Name The Year: Russian cruisers Variag and Korietz sunk off Korean coast by Japanese. = 1904 +Name The Year: (USA) Gypsy Rose Lee, stripper, born. = 1914 +Name The Year: Treaty of Paris ends the French and Indian War. = 1763 +Name The Year: Charles Lamb (in England), writer, born. = 1775 +Name The Year: YWCA is founded in New York City. = 1870 +Name The Year: Jimmy Durante, comedian, born. = 1893 +Name The Year: Bertolt Brecht, born. = 1898 +Name The Year: Robert Wagner, actor, born. = 1930 +Name The Year: Roberta Flack (in North Carolina), singer, born. = 1940 +Name The Year: Glenn Miller's "Chattanooga Choo Choo" goes gold. = 1942 +Name The Year: Mark Spitz, swimmer, born. = 1950 +Name The Year: Greg Norman, golfer, born. = 1955 +Name The Year: Thomas Alva Edison (in New Jersey), inventor who lit up your life, born. = 1847 +Name The Year: Major streets lit by coal gas for first time. = 1854 +Name The Year: Eva Gabor (Budapest, Hungary), actress (Green Acres), born. = 1921 +Name The Year: Vatican City (world's Smallest Country) is made an enclave of Rome. = 1929 +Name The Year: Pumping begins to build Treasure Island, San Francisco. = 1936 +Name The Year: Burt Reynolds, actor, born. = 1936 +Name The Year: Sergio Mendes, artist, born. = 1941 +Name The Year: Tenth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 4 returns to Earth. = 1984 +Name The Year: Santiago, Chile founded. = 1541 +Name The Year: Abraham Lincoln, 16th President (1861-1865), born. = 1802 +Name The Year: Charles Darwin, evolutionist, born. = 1809 +Name The Year: First New York to Paris auto race (via Alaska and Siberia) begins. George Schuster wins after 88 days behind the wheel. = 1908 +Name The Year: Lorne Greene, actor (Bonanza, Battlestar Galactica), born. = 1915 +Name The Year: Cornerstone laid for Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC. = 1915 +Name The Year: Gershwin's "Rhapsody In Blue" premieres in Carnegie Hall. = 1924 +Name The Year: Maud Adams (in Sweden), born. = 1946 +Name The Year: Joanna Kerns, actress, born. = 1953 +Name The Year: "Blue Danube" waltz premiers in Vienna. = 1867 +Name The Year: Emanuel Ungaro, fashion designer, born. = 1933 +Name The Year: George Segal, actor, banjo player, born. = 1934 +Name The Year: "Prince Valiant" comic strip appears; known for historical detail and fine detail drawing. Thanks Hal. = 1937 +Name The Year: Stockard Channing (in New York), born. = 1944 +Name The Year: Israel acquires 4 of the 7 dead sea scrolls = 1955 +Name The Year: Alexander Graham Bell files an application for a patent for the telephone. = 1876 +Name The Year: John Barrymore, actor, born. = 1882 +Name The Year: Benjamin Kubelski (AKA Jack Benny), actor, comedian, born. = 1894 +Name The Year: James Pike, clergyman, born. = 1913 +Name The Year: Jimmy Hoffa, missing labor leader, born. = 1913 +Name The Year: USSR calendar conversion. = 1918 +Name The Year: St. Valentine's Day Massacre in Chicago, 7 gangsters killed by rivals disguised as cops (The Night Chicago Died). = 1929 +Name The Year: Florence Henderson (in Indiana), actress (Alice in The Brady Bunch), born. = 1934 +Name The Year: Gregory Hines, actor, dancer, born. = 1946 +Name The Year: Element 103, lawrencium, first produced in Berkeley, California lab. = 1961 +Name The Year: Mrs. Kennedy gives the TV audience a tour of the White House. = 1962 +Name The Year: John and Yoko guest-host The Mike Douglas Show for the entire week. = 1972 +Name The Year: Galileo Galilei, astronomer, born. = 1564 +Name The Year: English standing army first founded. = 1645 +Name The Year: Henry Engelhard Steinway, piano maker, born. = 1797 +Name The Year: Susan B. Anthony, Woman's suffaregette, born. = 1820 +Name The Year: John Barrymore, actor, born. = 1882 +Name The Year: First Teddy Bear introduced in America. Made by Morris and Rose Michtom, Russian immigrants. = 1903 +Name The Year: Cesar Romero, actor who played the Joker in the TV version of Batman, born. = 1907 +Name The Year: Yuan Shik-K'ai elected the first President of the Republic of China. = 1912 +Name The Year: Harvey Korman, actor, born. = 1927 +Name The Year: Jane Seymour [Joyce Frankenberg], Middlesex England, actress (Dr Quinn, East of Eden, Lassiter), born. = 1951 +Name The Year: Production announced-first pilot plant to produce man-made diamonds. = 1955 +Name The Year: Li Hung Chang, chinese statesman, born. = 1823 +Name The Year: Ladies Home Journal begins publication. = 1883 +Name The Year: Robert Flaherty, father of the documentary film, born. = 1884 +Name The Year: First airplane flight to Los Angeles from San Francisco. = 1914 +Name The Year: Howard Carter finds the Pharoah Tutankhamun. = 1923 +Name The Year: First radio-telescope news messages transmitted from U.S. to England. = 1923 +Name The Year: Nylon patented by W. H. Carothers. = 1937 +Name The Year: US forces land on Corregidor (complete conquest on March 3). = 1945 +Name The Year: First commercially designed helicopter tested at Bridgeport, CT. = 1946 +Name The Year: James Ingram. actor, born. = 1956 +Name The Year: Fidel Castro became Premier of Cuba. = 1959 +Name The Year: John McEnroe, tennis player, brat, born. = 1959 +Name The Year: Andy Taylor, guitarist with Duran Duran, born. = 1961 +Name The Year: First all solid propellant rocket put into orbit from Wallops Island, VA. = 1961 +Name The Year: Beatles second appearance on Ed Sullivan. = 1964 +Name The Year: Heathen religions banned in Poland. = 1387 +Name The Year: Moliere, French Dramatist, died = 1673 +Name The Year: Frederick Krupp, Arms manufacturer, born = 1854 +Name The Year: Samuel S. McClure, organizer of the first news syndicate, born = 1857 +Name The Year: Sardines were first canned, in Eastport, Maine. = 1876 +Name The Year: First telephone exchange in San Francisco opens with 18 phones. = 1878 +Name The Year: Geronimo, Apache Indian Chief, died = 1909 +Name The Year: Battle of Eniwetok Atoll (U.S. victory on Feb 22). = 1944 +Name The Year: St. Clare of Assissi declared patron saint of television. = 1958 +Name The Year: Hal Holbrook, actor, born. = 1925 +Name The Year: Alan Bates, actor, born. = 1934 +Name The Year: Pat Morrow (in Los Angeles), actor (Peyton Place), born. = 1945 +Name The Year: Lou Diamond Philips, actor, born. = 1962 +Name The Year: Michael Jordan, gravity-defying hoopster, born. = 1963 +Name The Year: Queen Mary I, first reigning queen of Great Britain, born. = 1516 +Name The Year: Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, invented the electric battery, born. = 1745 +Name The Year: Louis Comfort Tiffany, glassmaker, born. = 1848 +Name The Year: C.S.A. President Jefferson Davis is inaugurated at Montgomery, AL. = 1861 +Name The Year: Andres Segovia, guitarist, born. = 1894 +Name The Year: Jack Palance, actor (Believe It......Or Not), born. = 1920 +Name The Year: Helen Gurly Brown in Portland Maine, publisher (Cosmopolitan), born. = 1922 +Name The Year: Planet Pluto discovered by Clyde W. Tombaugh. = 1930 +Name The Year: Yoko Ono (in Tokyo, Japan), singer, wife of John Lennon, born. = 1933 +Name The Year: Kim Novak (in Chicago, Illinois), actress, born. = 1933 +Name The Year: Golden Gate International Exposition opens on Treasure Island (built for the occasion) in San Francisco Bay. = 1939 +Name The Year: Cybill Shepherd (in Memphis, TN), actress (Moonlighting, Sybil), born. = 1950 +Name The Year: Premier of first 3-D feature film, "Bwana Devil", at NY city. = 1953 +Name The Year: John Travolta, actor, born. = 1954 +Name The Year: Vanna White (in South Carolina), game show hostess (Wheel of Fortune), born. = 1957 +Name The Year: Matt Dillon, actor, born. = 1964 +Name The Year: Gambian National Day = 1965 +Name The Year: Molly Ringwald (in Los Angeles, CA), actress (Pretty in Pink), born. = 1968 +Name The Year: Nicolaus Copernicus (in Poland), astronomer, born. = 1473 +Name The Year: Thomas Alva Edison patents the phonograph. = 1878 +Name The Year: Merle Oberon (in Tasmania), born. = 1911 +Name The Year: Lee Marvin, actor, born. = 1924 +Name The Year: Smokey Robinson, singer, born. = 1940 +Name The Year: Marines land on Iwo Jima. = 1945 +Name The Year: Margaux Hemingway (in Portland, Oregon), actress, daughter of Ernest, born. = 1955 +Name The Year: Prince Andrew, Second eldest son of HRH Queen Elizabeth II, born. = 1960 +Name The Year: Hana Mandlikova, tennis player, born. = 1962 +Name The Year: Justine Bateman (in Rye, NY), actress (Family Ties), born. = 1966 +Name The Year: President Ford pardons Iva Toguri D'Aquino ("Tokyo Rose"). = 1977 +Name The Year: Enzo Ferrari, car designer and manufacturer, born. = 1898 +Name The Year: Ansel Adams, knows how to handle a camera, born. = 1902 +Name The Year: Alexei Kosygin, Soviet Premier, born. = 1904 +Name The Year: Gloria Vanderbilt, fashion designer (Don't my jeans look great!), born. = 1924 +Name The Year: Sydney Poitier, actor, born. = 1924 +Name The Year: Robert Altman, director (M = A = S = H), born. = 1925 +Name The Year: Bobby Unser, auto racer, born. = 1934 +Name The Year: First automobile/airplane combination tested, Santa Monica, Ca = 1937 +Name The Year: John Glenn aboard Friendship 7, is first American to orbit the Earth. = 1962 +Name The Year: Charles Barkley, Star player for the Pheonix Suns and Houston Rockets basketball teams, born. = 1963 +Name The Year: President Nixon visits China. = 1972 +Name The Year: Clarence Nash, the voice of Donald Duck, died. = 1985 +Name The Year: First self-propelled locomotive on rails demonstrated, in Wales. = 1804 +Name The Year: First electric burglar alarm is installed in Boston, Mass. = 1858 +Name The Year: First Telephone book is issued, in New Haven, Conn. = 1878 +Name The Year: WW I Battle of Verdun begins. = 1916 +Name The Year: Larry Hagman, actor, born. = 1931 +Name The Year: Camera exposure meter patented, W. N. Goodwin. = 1932 +Name The Year: Nina Simone (in Tyron, NC), born. = 1933 +Name The Year: David Geffen, record company president, born. = 1943 +Name The Year: Tyne Daly (in Madison, WI), actress (Cagney and Lacey), born. = 1946 +Name The Year: First instant develop camera demonstrated in NY City by E. H. Land. = 1947 +Name The Year: Malcolm X assassinated. = 1965 +Name The Year: Richard Nixon first American president to visit China. = 1972 +Name The Year: Charles Rocket clearly says a four-letter word on Saturday Night Live. = 1981 +Name The Year: Popcorn is introduced by an Indian named Quadequina to the English colonists at their first Thanksgiving dinner. = 1630 +Name The Year: George Washington, father figure for U.S., President (1789-1796), born. = 1732 +Name The Year: Johann Nikolaus Forkel, musicologist and first biographer of Bach, born. = 1749 +Name The Year: Empress of China sets sail on first New York to China route. = 1784 +Name The Year: Frederic Chopin, composer, born. = 1810 +Name The Year: Lord Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Boy Scouts, born. = 1857 +Name The Year: Edna St. Vincent Millay, poet, born. = 1892 +Name The Year: Hawaii becomes a U.S. territory. = 1900 +Name The Year: Julius "Magic" Erving, basketball player, born. = 1950 +Name The Year: Drew Barrymore, actress, member of the Barrymore clan, born. = 1975 +Name The Year: USA beats the Russians in Olympic Hockey (4-3). = 1980 +Name The Year: Gutenberg Day = 1584 +Name The Year: George Frideric Handel, Baroque composer in Germany, born. = 1685 +Name The Year: Alamo is besieged by Santa Anna, entire garrison eventually killed. = 1836 +Name The Year: Rotary Club is founded by four men in Chicago. = 1905 +Name The Year: First rocket air mail flight, Greenwood Lake, NY. = 1935 +Name The Year: Peter Fonda, actor, son of Henry, born. = 1940 +Name The Year: US Marines raise flag on Iwo Jima, famous photo and statue. = 1945 +Name The Year: Howard Jones, musician, born. = 1955 +Name The Year: Wilhelm Karl Grimm, story teller, born. = 1786 +Name The Year: Admiral Chester Nimitz, in charge of Pacific Fleet in WWII, born. = 1885 +Name The Year: First rocket to reach outer space launched at White Sands, NM. = 1949 +Name The Year: Steven Jobs, co-founder of Apple Computer, born. = 1955 +Name The Year: Cassius Clay beats Sonny Liston for the heavyweight championship. = 1964 +Name The Year: USA beats Finland and wins the Olympic Gold Medal (4-2). = 1980 +Name The Year: Voyager 2, first Uranus flyby. = 1986 +Name The Year: Funeral for Japan's Emperor Hirohito costs his government $80-billion dollars, attracts all major world leaders. = 1989 +Name The Year: United Airlines 747 jet rips open in flight from Honolulu to New Zealand, 9 passengers sucked out of plane, many injuries. = 1989 +Name The Year: A London pedestrian walks 20 miles backward and 20 miles forward in 8 hours. = 1838 +Name The Year: Renoir, painter, born. = 1841 +Name The Year: Enrico Caruso (in Italy), singer, born. = 1873 +Name The Year: First aircraft carrier "Ranger" launched. = 1933 +Name The Year: George Harrison, singer (Beatles), born. = 1943 +Name The Year: Paul McCartney releases "Give Ireland back to the Irish" single. = 1972 +Name The Year: Soyuz 24 returns to Earth. = 1977 +Name The Year: Soyuz 32 is launched. = 1979 +Name The Year: Victor Hugo, French author, born. = 1802 +Name The Year: William "Buffalo Bill" Cody (near Davenport, Iowa), frontiersman, born. = 1846 +Name The Year: Second French Republic was proclaimed. = 1848 +Name The Year: John Harvey Kellogg, English Corn Flake inventor. = 1852 +Name The Year: First New York City subway line was opened to the public. = 1870 +Name The Year: S.S. Ceylon begins first round-the-world cruise from Liverpool. = 1881 +Name The Year: Jackie Gleason, Comedian, born. = 1916 +Name The Year: U.S. Congress established Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona. = 1919 +Name The Year: Tony Randall, actor (The Odd Couple), born. = 1920 +Name The Year: Fats Domino, singer, born. = 1928 +Name The Year: Johnny Cash, singer, The Man in Black, born. = 1932 +Name The Year: Golden Gate Bridge ground-breaking ceremony held at Crissy Field. = 1933 +Name The Year: PM Winston Churchill announced that Britain had its own atomic bomb. = 1952 +Name The Year: First typesetting machine (photo engraving) used at Quincy, Mass. = 1954 +Name The Year: First aviator to bail out at supersonic speed - G. F. Smith. = 1955 +Name The Year: Levi Eshkol dies, Golda Meir becomes premier of Israel. = 1969 +Name The Year: Beatles release "Beatles Again" a.k.a. "Hey Jude" album. = 1970 +Name The Year: Philippines President Ferdinand E. Marcos flees in defeat, takes up residence in Hawaii with wife Imelda. = 1986 +Name The Year: Barings Bank disaster. Nick Leeson loses billions of Pounds Sterling in offshore investments, ruining Barings Bank. = 1995 +Name The Year: Constantine = 1583 +Name The Year: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (in Portland, Maine), poet, born. = 1807 +Name The Year: Dominican Republic gains it's independence. = 1844 +Name The Year: Oscar Hammerstein patents first practical cigar-rolling machine. = 1883 +Name The Year: John Steinbeck, writer, born. = 1902 +Name The Year: U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld the 19th Amendment (woman's right to vote). = 1922 +Name The Year: Joanne Woodward (in Thomasville, GA), actress, wife of Paul Newman, born. = 1930 +Name The Year: Elizabeth Taylor (in London, England), actress, had many husbands, born. = 1932 +Name The Year: Reichstag building in Berlin was set afire, Nazis blame Communists. = 1933 +Name The Year: Chaim Weizmann becomes the first Israeli president. = 1949 +Name The Year: President Nixon and Chinese Premier Chou En-lai issued the Shanghai Communique. = 1972 +Name The Year: American Indian Movement occupy Wounded Knee in South Dakota. = 1973 +Name The Year: American Republican Party formed at Ripon, Wisconsin. = 1854 +Name The Year: First vaudeville theater opens. = 1883 +Name The Year: Zero Mostel, actor (Fiddler on the Roof), born. = 1915 +Name The Year: Svetlana Stalina, daughter of Josef Stalin, born. = 1926 +Name The Year: Gavin MacLeod, actor (Love Boat, Mary Tyler Moore Show), born. = 1930 +Name The Year: Stephane Beacham, actrss, born. = 1947 +Name The Year: Bernadette Peters (in Queens, New York), actress, Tony winner, born. = 1948 +Name The Year: Forrester issued a patent for computer core memory. = 1956 +Name The Year: The final episode of TV show "M_A_S_H." = 1983 +Name The Year: It was made legal in Scotland for women to propose to men. = 1288 +Name The Year: Pope Paul III, born. = 1468 +Name The Year: Pope Hilarius, born. = 1584 +Name The Year: Britian and US signed treaty on seal hunting in Bering Sea. = 1892 +Name The Year: Jimmy Dorsey, bandleader, born. = 1904 +Name The Year: Howard Nemerov, poet, born. = 1916 +Name The Year: Al Rosen, baseball player and executive, born. = 1924 +Name The Year: Arthur Wellsley Duke of Wellington, British PM (C) (1828-30), born. = 1769 +Name The Year: Mozart's opera "Marriage of Figaro" premiers in Wien (Vienna). = 1786 +Name The Year: Chardonnet, France inventor (rayon), born. = 1839 +Name The Year: 1st adhesive postage stamps ("Penny Blacks" from England) issued. = 1840 +Name The Year: 1st International Workers Day, according to the 2nd International. = 1889 +Name The Year: Walter Susskind, Praha (Prague) Czechoslovakia, conductor, born. = 1913 +Name The Year: Harry Belefonte calypso singer (The Banana Boat Song), born. = 1927 +Name The Year: Paul Doumer Pres of France, assassinated by Russia's Paul Gargalov. = 1932 +Name The Year: Philippine legislature accepts US proposal for independence. = 1934 +Name The Year: Batman Comics hit the street. = 1939 +Name The Year: Judy Collins, singer (Send in the Clowns, Clouds), born. = 1939 +Name The Year: "Citizen Kane," directed & starring Orson Welles, premiers in NY. = 1941 +Name The Year: Joanna Lumley, Kashmir India, actress (Absolutely Fabulous, The Avengers), born. = 1946 +Name The Year: Ray Parker Jr rocker (Ghostbusters theme), born. = 1954 +Name The Year: Oscar Torp, Norwegian premier, dies. = 1959 +Name The Year: Russia shoots down Francis Gary Powers' U-2 spy plane over Sverdlovsk. = 1960 +Name The Year: Fidel Castro announces there will be no more elections in Cuba. = 1961 +Name The Year: Tanganyika granted full internal self-government by Britain. = 1961 +Name The Year: Indonesia takes control of Irian Jaya (west New Guinea) from Netherlands. = 1963 +Name The Year: 1st BASIC program run on a computer (Dartmouth). = 1964 +Name The Year: Priscilla & Elvis Presley wed. = 1967 +Name The Year: Elton John becomes 1st pop star to perform in Israel. = 1979 +Name The Year: Home rule introduced to Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland). = 1979 +Name The Year: Marshall Islands (in the Pacific) become self-governing. = 1979 +Name The Year: 135 acre Disney's MGM studio officially opens to the public. = 1989 +Name The Year: Leonardo Da Vinci artist/scientist, dies at 67. = 1519 +Name The Year: Alessandro Scarlatti, Palermo Italy, composer (Tigrane), born. = 1660 +Name The Year: Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, ends War of Devolution. = 1668 +Name The Year: Catherine II (the Great) empress of Russia (1762-96), born. = 1729 +Name The Year: France & Spain agree to donate arms to American rebels. = 1776 +Name The Year: William Herschel discovers 1st binary star, Xi Ursae Majoris. = 1780 +Name The Year: Uprising against French occupation begins in Madrid. = 1808 +Name The Year: Leo XIII, 257th Roman Catholic pope (1878-1903), born. = 1810 +Name The Year: Theodor Herzl, founded Zionist movement, born. = 1840 +Name The Year: Congo Free State established by King Leopold II of Belgium. = 1885 +Name The Year: Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen [the Red Baron], German WW I ace, born. = 1892 +Name The Year: Benjamin Spock, pediatrician/author (Common Sense Book of Baby Care), born. = 1903 +Name The Year: Bing Crosby (claimed this to be his Birthdate: True Date May 3 1903), crooner/actor (Going My Way), born. = 1904 +Name The Year: Faisal II, King of Iraq, born. = 1935 +Name The Year: Russia takes Berlin. = 1945 +Name The Year: Prisoners revolt at Alcatraz, 5 die. = 1946 +Name The Year: 1st commercial jet plane, BOAC Comet. = 1952 +Name The Year: US Lab detects high-temperature microwave radiation from Venus. = 1956 +Name The Year: Joseph McCarthy commie hunting senator, dies at 47. = 1957 +Name The Year: Beatles' Second album goes #1 & stays #1 for for 5 weeks. = 1964 +Name The Year: Apple records closes down (Beatles first record company). = 1975 +Name The Year: "Quadrophenia" premieres in London. = 1979 +Name The Year: Joseph Doherty & 3 other IRA men arrested for murder. = 1980 +Name The Year: David Rappaport 3'11' actor (wizard), shoots himself at 38. = 1990 +Name The Year: First regular steam train passenger service starts. = 1830 +Name The Year: Francois Coty, perfumemaker, born = 1874 +Name The Year: Golda Meir, Israeli leader, born = 1898 +Name The Year: James Brown, singer (I Feel Good . . . HEH!), born. = 1933 +Name The Year: Frankie Valli, seasonal singer, born = 1947 +Name The Year: First landing by an airplane at geographic North Pole. = 1952 +Name The Year: Alexander VI divides non-Christian world between Spain & Portugal. = 1493 +Name The Year: Indians sell Manhattan Island for $24 in cloth & buttons. = 1626 +Name The Year: French manufacturer debuts 1st folding umbrella (Paris). = 1715 +Name The Year: Thomas Henry Huxley scientist/humanist/Darwinist, born. = 1825 +Name The Year: War of the Reform (Mexico); Liberals establish capital at Vera Cruz. = 1858 +Name The Year: Haymarket riot in Chicago; bomb kills 7 policemen. = 1886 +Name The Year: Sherlock Holmes "dies" at Reichenbach Falls. = 1891 +Name The Year: Kakuei Tanaka Japanese PM convicted of bribe-taking, born. = 1918 +Name The Year: Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences forms. = 1927 +Name The Year: Audrey Hepburn (Hepburn-Ruston Edda van Heemstra), Brussels, Belguim (Breakfast at Tiffany's, My Fair Lady), born. = 1929 +Name The Year: Douglas Hyde (a protestant) becomes 1st president of Eire. = 1938 +Name The Year: Keith Haring Kutztown Pa, graffiti artist (Vanity Fair, Paris Review), born. = 1958 +Name The Year: Randy Travis country singer (Always & Forever), born. = 1959 +Name The Year: 4 students at Kent State University killed by Ohio National Guard during anti-war protest. = 1970 +Name The Year: Kiss performs their 1st concert. = 1976 +Name The Year: Margaret Thatcher becomes prime minister of England. = 1979 +Name The Year: Angela Bowie reveals that ex husband David slept with Mick Jagger. = 1990 +Name The Year: Latvia's parliment votes 138-0 (1 abstention) for Independence. = 1990 +Name The Year: Pres Bush is hospitalized for erratic heartbeat. = 1991 +Name The Year: 2nd Council of Constantinople (5th ecumenical council) opens. = 553 +Name The Year: Leopold I Emperor of Holy Roman Empire, dies at 64. = 1705 +Name The Year: Síren Kierkegaard Denmark, philosopher, founded Existentialism, born. = 1813 +Name The Year: Karl Marx philospher (Communist Manifesto, Das Kapital), born. = 1818 +Name The Year: Battle of Puebla; Mexicans defeat Maximilian's forces (Cinco de Mayo). = 1867 +Name The Year: Carnegie Hall opens in NYC with Tchaikovsky as guest conductor. = 1891 +Name The Year: Spencer Tracy actor (Guess Who's Coming to Dinner), born. = 1900 +Name The Year: Rex Harrison England, actor (My Fair Lady, Cleopatra), born. = 1908 +Name The Year: 5th modern Olympic games opens in Stockholm. = 1912 +Name The Year: Tyrone Power actor (Mark of Zorro, Alexander's Ragtime Band), born. = 1913 +Name The Year: John T Scopes arrested for teaching evolution in Tennessee. = 1925 +Name The Year: 1st woman to fly solo from England to Australia takes-off (Amy Johnson). = 1930 +Name The Year: Michael Palin comedian (Monty Python, Fish Called Wanda), born. = 1943 +Name The Year: Netherlands & Denmark liberated from Nazi control. = 1945 +Name The Year: 1st large-scale US Army ground units arrive in South Vietnam. = 1965 +Name The Year: Bobby Sands IRA activists dies in his 66th day of his hunger strike. = 1981 +Name The Year: Paul Hogan & Linda Koslowski wed in Byron Bay, Eastern Australia. = 1990 +Name The Year: conjunction of Sun, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn & Moon. = 2000 +Name The Year: Sack of Rome - End of the Renaissance. = 1527 +Name The Year: Karl Marx, author of the Communist Manifesto, born = 1818 +Name The Year: Patent granted to Dr. John Farrie for a "refrigeration machine". = 1851 +Name The Year: Sigmund Freud, cigar smoker, psychiatrist, born = 1856 +Name The Year: Rudolph Valentino, silent film star, sheik = 1895 +Name The Year: T. H. White, writer, born = 1915 +Name The Year: Orson Welles, actor (Citizen Kane), director, genius, born = 1915 +Name The Year: The dirigible Hindenburg explodes in flames at Lakehurst, NJ. = 1937 +Name The Year: Roger Bannister breaks the 4 min mile in 3:59:4 = 1954 +Name The Year: Seventeenth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 7 returns to Earth. = 1985 +Name The Year: Robert Browning, poet, born. = 1812 +Name The Year: Beethoven's Ninth Symphony presented for first time. = 1824 +Name The Year: Johannes Brahms, composer, born. = 1833 +Name The Year: Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky, composer, born. = 1840 +Name The Year: Gary Cooper, actor (High Noon, The Plainsman), born. = 1901 +Name The Year: Edwin Land, founded instant photography (Polaroid), born. = 1909 +Name The Year: Eva Peron, Argentine first lady, born = 1919 +Name The Year: World War II ends in Europe. Nazis surrender to General Eisenhower at Reims, France. = 1945 +Name The Year: Traci Lords, actress, born. = 1968 +Name The Year: John II ends his reign as Catholic Pope. = 535 +Name The Year: St Boniface IV ends his reign as Catholic Pope. = 615 +Name The Year: St Benedict II ends his reign as Catholic Pope. = 685 +Name The Year: Jack Cade's Rebellion-Kentishmen revolt against King Henry VI. = 1450 +Name The Year: Hernando de Soto discovers Mississippi River. = 1541 +Name The Year: Edward Gibbon England, historian (Decline & Fall of Roman Empire), born. = 1737 +Name The Year: Miguel Hidalgo father of Mexican independence, born. = 1753 +Name The Year: William Walker filibuster, president of Nicaragua (1856-57), born. = 1824 +Name The Year: Jean Henri Dunant Switzerland, founded Red Cross, YMCA (Nobel 1901), born. = 1828 +Name The Year: Australian Rules Football is created. = 1866 +Name The Year: Harry S Truman Missouri, 33rd US President (D) (1945-1949), born. = 1884 +Name The Year: Atlanta pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents Coca Cola. = 1886 +Name The Year: China cedes Taiwan to Japan under Treaty of Shimonoseki. = 1895 +Name The Year: Richard F Attenborough environmentalist/zoologist/filmmaker (BBC), born. = 1926 +Name The Year: Gary Snyder beat poet (Rip Rap & Cold Mountain Poems), born. = 1930 +Name The Year: Gary Glitter [Paul Gadd] England, rocker (Rock & Roll Part II), born. = 1944 +Name The Year: Nazi General Von Keitel surrenders to Russian Marshal Zhukov near Berlin. = 1945 +Name The Year: V-E Day; Germany signs unconditional surrender, WW II ends in Europe. = 1945 +Name The Year: Beatles release "Let it Be" album. = 1970 +Name The Year: USSR announces it will not participate in LA Summer Olympics. = 1984 +Name The Year: Robert A Heinlein sci-fi writer, dies of heart failure at 80. = 1988 +Name The Year: Columbus left Spain on his 4th and final trip to the New World. = 1502 +Name The Year: James M. Barrie (in Scotland), Author (Peter Pan) = 1860 +Name The Year: Howard Carter, Egyptologist who found King Tutankhamen = 1873 +Name The Year: Albert Finney, actor (Oliver, The Twelve Chairs) = 1936 +Name The Year: Italy annexed Ethiopia. = 1936 +Name The Year: Czechoslovak National Day. = 1945 +Name The Year: Candice Bergen (in Beverly Hills), actor (Murphy Brown) = 1946 +Name The Year: Billy Joel (in the Bronx, NY), singer, pianoman = 1949 +Name The Year: EEC Anniversary. = 1950 +Name The Year: House Judiciary Committee begin formal hearings on Nixon impeachment. = 1974 +Name The Year: John Wilkes Booth assassin of Abraham Lincoln, born. = 1838 +Name The Year: Sir Thomas Lipton tea magnate (Lipton Tea), born. = 1850 +Name The Year: Gen Stonewall Jackson dies from wounds received at Chancellorsville. = 1863 +Name The Year: Victoria Woodhull becomes 1st woman nominated for US president. = 1872 +Name The Year: Meteor falls near Estherville, Iowa. = 1879 +Name The Year: Fred Astaire Omaha Neb, tap dancer/actor (Easter Parade, Swingtime), born. = 1899 +Name The Year: David O Selznick Pittsburgh Pa, producer (Gone With the Wind), born. = 1902 +Name The Year: 1st Mother's Day held (Phila). = 1908 +Name The Year: Comet Halley's closest approach to Earth. = 1910 +Name The Year: William Huggins discoverer of stellar nature of Andromeda, dies. = 1910 +what is the best IRC Network = www.nothingbutstyle.net +Name The Year: Winston Churchill succeeds Neville Chamberlain as British PM. = 1940 +Name The Year: England's House of Commons detroyed in a blitz. = 1941 +Name The Year: Donovan (Leitch) Scotland, rock singer (Mellow Yellow), born. = 1943 +Name The Year: Mark David Chapman assassin of John Lennon, born. = 1955 +Name The Year: Sid Vicious [John Beverly], bassist (Sex Pistols), born. = 1957 +Name The Year: Bono aka Paul Hauson, rocker (U2), born. = 1960 +Name The Year: Decca signs the Rolling Stones on advice of Beatle George Harrison. = 1963 +Name The Year: Tommy Lee drummer of Motley Crue marries Heather Locklear. = 1986 +Name The Year: Constantinople (later Istanbul) founded. = 330 +Name The Year: Waltz introduced into English ballrooms. Most observers consider it disgusting & immoral. No wonder it caught on! = 1812 +Name The Year: Irving Berlin [Isadore Balin], Temun, Russia, composer (White Xmas), born. = 1888 +Name The Year: Dame Margaret Rutherford, England, actress (Murder Most Foul), born. = 1892 +Name The Year: Salvador Dali, Spain, surrealist artist (Crucifixion), born. = 1904 +Name The Year: Einstein's Theory of General Relativity presented. = 1916 +Name The Year: Britain grants Royal Letters Patent to New Zealand. = 1917 +Name The Year: Jackie Milburn, English soccer star (Newcastle United). = 1924 +Name The Year: Mort Sahl comedian/political satirist/beatnik (Big Party). = 1927 +Name The Year: Eric Burdon, rocker (Animals-House of the Rising Sun). = 1941 +Name The Year: Laos accepts constitution for parliamentary democracy. = 1947 +Name The Year: By a vote of 37-12, Israel becomes 59th member of UN. = 1949 +Name The Year: Siam renames itself Thailand. = 1949 +Name The Year: Jay Forrester patents computer core memory. = 1951 +Name The Year: Elvis Presley's 1st entry on UK charts with "Heartbreak Hotel". = 1959 +Name The Year: Israeli soldiers capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires. = 1960 +Name The Year: John D Rockefeller Jr philanthropist, dies at 86. = 1960 +Name The Year: Bob Marley reggae singer, dies at 36 of brain & lung cancer. = 1981 +Name The Year: Emilio Estevez actor (Breakfast Club, Young Guns). = 1962 +Name The Year: Bangladesh windstorm kills 17,000. = 1965 +Name The Year: Israel signs an agreement with European Economic Market. = 1975 +Name The Year: Ted Turner manages an Atlanta Braves game. = 1977 +Name The Year: St Stephen I begins his reign as Catholic Pope. = 254 +Name The Year: Edward Lear England, landscape painter, writer of nonsense verse, born. = 1812 +Name The Year: Florence Nightingale Florence, Italy, nurse (Crimean War), born. = 1820 +Name The Year: Treaty of Bardo, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate. = 1881 +Name The Year: Burt Bacharach composer (I'll Never Fall in Love Again), born. = 1929 +Name The Year: George VI's coronation in Great Britain. = 1936 +Name The Year: Beryl Burton UK, won record (7) women's cycling titles, born. = 1937 +Name The Year: Nazi blitz conquest of France began by crossing Muese River. = 1940 +Name The Year: Axis forces in North Africa surrender. = 1943 +Name The Year: Steve Winwood England, rocker (A Higher Love), born. = 1948 +Name The Year: West begins Berlin Airlift to get supplies around Soviet blockade. = 1949 +Name The Year: Shozo Fujii judo champion, born. = 1950 +Name The Year: Elvis Presley appears on a Frank Sinatra TV special. = 1960 +Name The Year: Emilio Estevez actor (Young Guns), born. = 1962 +Name The Year: Bob Dylan walks off Ed Sullivan Show. = 1963 +Name The Year: Israel & West Germany exchange letters beginning diplomatic relations. = 1965 +Name The Year: Paul McCartney & Wings release "Mary Had a Little Lamb". = 1972 +Name The Year: 1st quadrophonic concert (Pink Floyd in London). = 1977 +Name The Year: In Fatima Portugal, a Spanish priest with a bayonet is stopped prior to his attempt to attack Pope John Paul II. = 1982 +Name The Year: South African prisoner Nelson Mandela sees his wife for 1st time in 22 years. = 1984 +Name The Year: Nora Dunn & Sinead O'Connor boycott Saturday Night Live to protest Andrew "Dice" Clay's hosting. = 1990 +Name The Year: St Agapitus I begins his reign as Catholic Pope. = 535 +Name The Year: Innocent XIII, 244th Roman Catholic pope (1721-24), born. = 1655 +Name The Year: Empress Maria Theresa, Austria (Wife of Napolean), born. = 1717 +Name The Year: Sir Arthur Sullivan, London, England, of Gilbert & Sullivan fame, born. = 1842 +Name The Year: Peter Henry Emerson, 1st to promote photography as an independent art, born. = 1856 +Name The Year: Brazil abolishes slavery. = 1888 +Name The Year: Daphne du Maurier novelist (Rebecca, The Parasites), born. = 1907 +Name The Year: Royal Flying Corps established in England. = 1912 +Name The Year: 1st 4 engine aircraft built & flown (Igor Sikorsky-Russia). = 1913 +Name The Year: Jim Jones, reverend, poisoned over 100 in Guyana, born. = 1931 +Name The Year: Churchill says "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears & sweat". = 1940 +Name The Year: Ritchie Valens, singer (Donna, La Bamba), born. = 1941 +Name The Year: Peter Gabriel, rocker (Genesis-Against All Odds), born. = 1950 +Name The Year: Diner's Club issues its 1st credit cards. = 1950 +Name The Year: Stevie Wonder, singer/songwriter (You are The Sunshine of My Love), born. = 1950 +Name The Year: Gary Cooper, 2 time Academy award winning actor, dies at 60. = 1961 +Name The Year: Rolling Stones record "Satisfaction". = 1965 +Name The Year: Rolling Stones release "Paint it Black". = 1966 +Name The Year: Beatles movie "Let it Be" premiers. = 1970 +Name The Year: Pope John Paul II shot, wounded by assailant in St Peter's Square. = 1981 +Name The Year: Chet Baker jazz trumpeter fell to death out of a hotel window at 59. = 1988 +Name The Year: Approx 2,000 students begin hunger strike in Tiananmen Square, China. = 1989 +Name The Year: George Lucas director (Star Wars), born. = 1944 +Name The Year: David Byrne Dunbartin Scotand, rocker (Talking Heads-Psycho Killer) , born. = 1952 +Name The Year: Skylab launched, the 1st Space Station. = 1973 +Name The Year: Rita Hayworth actress, dies at 68 of Alzheimer's disease. = 1987 +Name The Year: Cape Cod was discovered by the English navigator Batholomew Gosnold. = 1602 +Name The Year: Whitsunday Term Day. = 1753 +Name The Year: American poet Emily Dickinson died. = 1886 +Name The Year: US Airmail begins between Wash DC, Philadelphia and New York. = 1918 +Name The Year: Wladziu Valentino Liberace, pianist, born = 1919 +Name The Year: US Dept of Justice offers $25,000 reward for Dillinger, dead or alive. = 1934 +Name The Year: Paul Zindel, playwright, born = 1936 +Name The Year: Nylon stockings on sale for the first time in the United States. = 1940 +Name The Year: Brian Eno, singer, songwriter, born = 1948 +Name The Year: Lee Horsley, actor, born = 1955 +Name The Year: The Soviet Union launched Sputnik III. = 1958 +Name The Year: Marie Antoinette married the future King Louis XVI of France. = 1770 +Name The Year: William H. Seward, who bought Alaska at $0.02/acre, born. = 1801 +Name The Year: Henry Fonda (in Grand Island, Nebraska), actor, born. = 1905 +Name The Year: Joan of Arc was canonized in Rome. = 1920 +Name The Year: Pierce Brosnan (in Israel), actor (current James Bond), born. = 1952 +Name The Year: Debra Winger (in Columbus, Ohio), actor, born. = 1955 +Name The Year: Olga Korbut (in Russia), gymnast, born. = 1955 +Name The Year: Janet Jackson, singer, Michael's sister, born. = 1966 +Name The Year: Venera 5, Venus landing. First successful landing on another planet. = 1969 +Name The Year: Gabriela Sabatini, tennis professional, raqueteer, born. = 1970 +Name The Year: Japanese Junko Tabei became first woman to reach Mt Everest's summit. = 1975 +Name The Year: Sammy Davis, Jr., "The Complete Entertainer", dies of throat cancer. = 1990 +Name The Year: Later that day, Jim Henson, creator of the Muppets, dies from pneumonia and complications. = 1990 +Name The Year: 7th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. = 218 +Name The Year: Liberius begins his reign as Catholic Pope. = 352 +Name The Year: St Adrian III begins his reign as Catholic Pope. = 884 +Name The Year: Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (Birth of Venus), born. = 1444 +Name The Year: 1st merry-go-round seen at a fair (Philippapolis, Turkey). = 1620 +Name The Year: Italian Jesuit Niccolo Zucchi, 1st to see 2 belts on Jupiter surface. = 1630 +Name The Year: Frontenac becomes governor of New France (Canada). = 1672 +Name The Year: Edward Jenner England, physician, started vaccination, born. = 1749 +Name The Year: Papal States annexed by France. = 1809 +Name The Year: Joseph Norman Lockyer discovered Helium/founded Nature magazine, born. = 1836 +Name The Year: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini Iran's spiritual leader, born. = 1900 +Name The Year: 9th modern Olympic games opens in Amsterdam. = 1928 +Name The Year: Dennis Hopper actor (True Grit, Blue Velvet, Easy Rider), born. = 1936 +Name The Year: Germany occupies Brussels, Belgium & begins invasion of France. = 1940 +Name The Year: Taj Mahal NYC, singer/songwriter (The Real Thing), born. = 1942 +Name The Year: Christian Lacroix, French couturier, born. = 1950 +Name The Year: "Sugar" Ray Leonard welter/middle/light-heavyweight boxing champion, born. = 1956 +Name The Year: Brigitte Nielsen actress (Red Sonja, Rocky IV, Domino), born. = 1963 +Name The Year: Thor Heyerdahl crosses the Atlantic on reed raft 'Ra'. = 1970 +Name The Year: 10cc releases "I'm Not in Love". = 1975 +Name The Year: Israel & Lebanon sign a peace treaty. = 1983 +Name The Year: Nelson Mandela recieves a BA from University of South Africa. = 1989 +Name The Year: St John I ends his reign as Catholic Pope. = 526 +Name The Year: Napoleon became Emperor of France. = 1804 +Name The Year: Edwin Budding of England signs an agreement for manufacture of his invention, the lawn mower. = 1830 +Name The Year: Nicholas II last Russian tsar (1894-1917), born. = 1868 +Name The Year: Bertrand Russell England, mathematician/philosopher (Nobel 1950), born. = 1872 +Name The Year: Frank Capra movie director (Its a Wonderful Life, Arsenic & Old Lace), born. = 1897 +Name The Year: Britain proclaims protectorate over kingdom of Tonga. = 1900 +Name The Year: Passage of Earth through tail of Halley's Comet causes near-panic. = 1910 +Name The Year: Perry Como singer/TV (Perry Como Show, What did Delaware?), born. = 1912 +Name The Year: Pope John Paul II 264th Roman Catholic pope (1978- ), born. = 1918 +Name The Year: Dame Margot Fonteyn England, ballerina (partner of Nureyev), born. = 1919 +Name The Year: Yannick Noah France, tennis player (French 1983), born. = 1960 +Name The Year: Gene Roddenberry suggests 16 names including Kirk for Star Trek Captain. = 1965 +Name The Year: Ian Curtis musician (Joy Division), dies. = 1980 +Name The Year: Mount St Helens blows its top in Washington State. = 1980 +Name The Year: St Gregory II begins his reign as Catholic Pope. = 715 +Name The Year: Anne Boleyn wife of Henry VIII, beheaded. = 1536 +Name The Year: Spanish Armada sets sail for Lisbon, bound to England. = 1588 +Name The Year: Innocent XI 240th Roman Catholic pope (1676-89), born. = 1611 +Name The Year: About midday, near-total darkness descends on much of New England to this day it's cause is still unexplained. = 1780 +Name The Year: Ho Chi Minh trail blazer/leader of Vietnam (1946, 1969), born. = 1890 +Name The Year: Malcolm X Omaha NB, assassinated leader of black muslims, born. = 1925 +Name The Year: "Firedamp" explodes in Mather Pa coal mine killing 195 of 273 miners. = 1928 +Name The Year: T.E. Lawrence (of Arabia) dies in a motorcycle crash. = 1935 +Name The Year: Peter Townsend singer (Who-Tommy), born. = 1945 +Name The Year: US diplomats find at least 40 secret mics in the Moscow embassy. = 1964 +Name The Year: Tortoise reportedly given to Tonga's king by Capt. Cook (1773), dies. = 1966 +Name The Year: Ogden Nash poet/TV panelist (Masquerade Party), dies at 68. = 1971 +Name The Year: USSR launches Mars 2, 1st spacecraft to crash land on Mars. = 1971 +Name The Year: Gold ownership legalized in Australia. = 1976 +Name The Year: Guitarist Eric Clapton marries Patti Boyd. = 1979 +Name The Year: NASA launches Intelsat V. = 1983 +Name The Year: Syzygy: 8 of 9 planets aligned on same side of sun. = 2161 +Name The Year: Earthquake kills 250,000 in Antioch, Syria. = 526 +Name The Year: Christopher Colombus explorer, dies in poverty in Spain at 55. = 1506 +Name The Year: England passes Act of Grace, forgiving followers of James II. = 1690 +Name The Year: Honore de Balzac France, novelist (Pere Goriot), born. = 1799 +Name The Year: John Stuart Mill philosopher/political economist/Utilitarian, born. = 1806 +Name The Year: Levi Strauss markets blue jeans with copper rivets, price $13.50 doz. = 1874 +Name The Year: 2nd modern Olympic games opens in Paris (lasted 5 months). = 1900 +Name The Year: Jimmy Stewart, actor (Mr Smith Goes to Wash, Wonderful Life), born. = 1908 +Name The Year: Moshe Dayan Israeli general/politician, born. = 1915 +Name The Year: Thomas Edison says Americans prefer silent movies over talkies. = 1926 +Name The Year: Great Britain via treaty grants Saudi Arabia's kingdom independence. = 1927 +Name The Year: Joe Cocker England, rock musician (You can leave your hat on), born. = 1944 +Name The Year: Cher, rocker/actress (I got you babe, Jack Lalane, Mask), born. = 1946 +Name The Year: Atomic fusion (thermonuclear) bomb dropped from plane-Bikini Atoll. = 1956 +Name The Year: BBC bans Beatle's "A Day in the Life" (drug references). = 1967 +Name The Year: The Beatles' "Let it Be" movie premiers in UK. = 1970 +Name The Year: Republic of Cameroon declared as constitution is ratified. = 1972 +Name The Year: 1st western pop star to tour the USSR-Elton John. = 1979 +Name The Year: FBI arrests John A Walker Jr, convicted of spying for USSR. = 1985 +Name The Year: China declares martial law in Beijing. = 1989 +Name The Year: Gilda Radner comedienne (Sat Night Live), dies at 42 of cancer. = 1989 +Name The Year: B.C. Plato (Aristocles), philosopher/writer, Athens, born. = 427 +Name The Year: Albrecht Dürer Nörnberg Germany, Renaissance painter/print maker, born. = 1471 +Name The Year: Philip II king of Spain (1556-98) & Portugal (1580-98), born. = 1527 +Name The Year: Alexander Pope England, poet, born. = 1688 +Name The Year: Fats Waller jazz pianist, composer (Ain't Misbehavin'), born. = 1904 +Name The Year: Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), Soccer's World governing body forms. = 1904 +Name The Year: Lindburgh lands in Paris, after 1st solo air crossing of Atlantic. = 1927 +Name The Year: Leo Sayer [Gerard], England, singer (When I Need Love), born. = 1948 +Name The Year: Mr T [Lawrence Tero], Chicago, actor, (A-Team, Rocky III, T & T), born. = 1952 +Name The Year: "Empire Strikes Back" premieres. = 1980 +Name The Year: David Bowie's "Let's Dance" single goes #1. = 1983 +Name The Year: Rajiv Gandhi Indian Prime Minster, assassinated. = 1991 +Name The Year: 14th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. = 760 +Name The Year: Townsend Speakman 1st sells fruit-flavored carbonated drinks (Phila). = 1807 +Name The Year: Richard Wagner Leipsig Germany, composer (Ring, Flying Dutchman, Ride of the Valkries), born. = 1813 +Name The Year: Confederaci¢n Granadina (now Colombia) forms. = 1858 +Name The Year: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle UK, brought Sherlock Holmes to life twice, born. = 1859 +Name The Year: Great Train Robbery; 7 men make off with $98,000 in cash. = 1868 +Name The Year: Charles Aznavour Paris France, singer (Monsieur Carnavel), born. = 1924 +Name The Year: Hitler & Mussolini sign "Pact of Steel". = 1939 +Name The Year: Morrissey, (Steven Patrick) British rocker (The Smiths & solo artist), born. = 1959 +Name The Year: Beatles' "Ticket to Ride," single goes #1. = 1965 +Name The Year: Egyptian president Nassar closes Straits of Tiran to Israel. = 1967 +Name The Year: Ceylon becomes Republic of Sri Lanka as its constitution is ratified. = 1972 +Name The Year: Final European scheduled run of the Orient Express (94 years). = 1977 +Name The Year: Rocky Graziano boxer, dies at 71, of heart failure. = 1990 +Name The Year: Joan of Arc captured by Burgundians who sold her to the English. = 1430 +Name The Year: King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon marriage declared null and void by the newly formed Church of England. = 1533 +Name The Year: Captain Kidd is hanged in London after convicted of piracy and murder. = 1701 +Name The Year: Douglas Fairbanks, first and greatest of Hollywood's swashbucklers, born = 1883 +Name The Year: Canada's North West Mounted Police force (The Mounties) first established. = 1873 +Name The Year: Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary in World War I. = 1915 +Name The Year: Joan Collins (in London), actor, born = 1933 +Name The Year: Bonnie and Clyde shot in Louisana ambush. = 1934 +Name The Year: Industrialist John D. Rockfeller died in Ormond Beach, FL. = 1937 +Name The Year: Nazi Himmler committed suicide while in prison at Luneburg, Germany. = 1945 +Name The Year: West Germany was proclaimed. = 1949 +Name The Year: 'Marvelous' Marvin Hagler (in New Jersey), boxer, born = 1952 +Name The Year: Israel announced capture of Nazi Adolf Eichmann in Argentina. = 1960 +Name The Year: Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, invented the thermometer = 1686 +Name The Year: Jean-Paul Marat, philosopher = 1743 +Name The Year: Queen Victoria, British ruler = 1819 +Name The Year: Samuel F.B. Morse taps out "What Hath God Wrought". = 1844 +Name The Year: The first auto repair shop opens in Boston, MA. = 1899 +Name The Year: Robert Zimmerman (a.k.a. Bob Dylan) (in Minnesota), folk singer = 1941 +Name The Year: Patti Labelle, singer = 1944 +Name The Year: Priscilla Presley, actor, wife of Elvis = 1945 +Name The Year: First rocket to exceed 150 mile altitude - White Sands, NM. = 1954 +Name The Year: First house with built-in bomb shelter exhibited, Pleasant Hills, Pa. = 1959 +Name The Year: M. Scott Carpenter aboard Aurora 7 is launched. = 1962 +Name The Year: Beatles' third appearance on Ed Sullivan. = 1964 +Name The Year: Soyuz 18B is launched. = 1975 +Name The Year: B.C. 1st known prediction of a solar eclipse. = 585 +Name The Year: St Gregory VII, pope (1073-85), dies (birth date unknown). = 1085 +Name The Year: Alfonso VI of Castile captured Toledo, Spain, and brought the Moorish center of science into Christian hands. = 1085 +Name The Year: Ralph Waldo Emerson US, essayist/philosopher, born. = 1803 +Name The Year: Argentina declares independence from Napoleonic Spain (Natl Day). = 1810 +Name The Year: Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, actor (Stormy Weather, Little Colonel), born. = 1878 +Name The Year: Igor Sikorsky developed a working helicopter, born. = 1889 +Name The Year: Revolution in Mexico overthrows President Diaz. = 1911 +Name The Year: British House of Commons passes Irish Home Rule. = 1914 +Name The Year: Miles Davis trumpeter; pioneered cool jazz (Porgy & Bess), born. = 1926 +Name The Year: Robert Ludlum spy novelist (Bourne Identity), born. = 1927 +Name The Year: Henry Ford stops producing Model T car (begins Model A). = 1927 +Name The Year: Jesse Owens equals or breaks 6 world records in one hour. = 1935 +Name The Year: 5,000 drown in a storm at Ganges Delta region in India. = 1941 +Name The Year: Sally Jesse Raphael TV talk show host (Sally), born. = 1943 +Name The Year: Frank Oz Heresford England, puppeteer (Sesame St, Muppet Show), born. = 1944 +Name The Year: Arther C Clarke proposes relay satellites in geosynchronous orbit. = 1945 +Name The Year: Jordan gains independence from Britain (Natl Day). = 1946 +Name The Year: Paul Weller guitar (Jam-This is the Modern World, Style Council), born. = 1958 +Name The Year: John Lennon takes delivery of his psychedelic painted Rolls Royce. = 1967 +Name The Year: "Star Wars" released. = 1978 +Name The Year: "Return of the Jedi" (Star Wars 3) released. = 1983 +Name The Year: William of Ockham forced to flee from Avignon by Pope John XXII. = 1328 +Name The Year: Abraham De Moivre French mathematician (De Moivre's theorem), born. = 1667 +Name The Year: Alexander S Pushkin Russia, writer (Eugene Onegin), born. = 1799 +Name The Year: Al Jolson jazz singer/silent film actor (Mamie, Swanee), born. = 1886 +Name The Year: Last Czar of Russia, Nicholas II, crowned. = 1896 +Name The Year: John Wayne "Duke", [Marion Michael Morrison] actor (True Grit), born. = 1907 +Name The Year: Peter Cushing England, actor (Hound of the Baskervilles), born. = 1913 +Name The Year: Georgian Social Democratic Republic declared independence from Russia. = 1918 +Name The Year: 1st Le Mans Grand Prix d'Endurance was run. = 1923 +Name The Year: San Francisco Bay's Golden Gate Bridge opens. = 1937 +Name The Year: Patent filed in US for H-Bomb. = 1946 +Name The Year: Stevie Nicks Phoenix Az, rocker (Fleetwood Mac-Bella Donna), born. = 1946 +Name The Year: South Africa elects a nationalist govt with apartheid policy. = 1948 +Name The Year: Siouxsie [Susan Ballion], (Siouxsie & the Bandshee-Wild Thing), born. = 1957 +Name The Year: British Guiana gains independence, takes the name Guyana. = 1966 +Name The Year: Apollo 10 returns to Earth. = 1969 +Name The Year: John & Yoko begin their 2nd bed-in (Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal). = 1969 +Name The Year: Achsah Young becomes 1st woman known to be executed as a witch (MA). = 1647 +Name The Year: Wild Bill Hickok cowboy, born. = 1837 +Name The Year: Samuel F.B. Morse completes 1st telegraph line. = 1844 +Name The Year: Vincent Price St Louis Mo, actor (The Fly, Laura), born. = 1911 +Name The Year: Ropert L Ripley cartoonist (Believe It or Not), dies at 55 in NY. = 1949 +Name The Year: Neil Finn rocker (Split Enz-I Got You, Crowded House), born. = 1958 +Name The Year: Pat Cash tennis player (Wimbeldon 1987), born. = 1965 +Name The Year: Dr. Joseph Guillotin, guess what he invented, born. = 1738 +Name The Year: First indoor swimming pool opens at Goodman's Fields, London. = 1742 +Name The Year: Jim Thorpe, Olympic athlete, born. = 1886 +Name The Year: Ian Fleming, writer (James Bond series) = 1908 +Name The Year: First all color talking picture "On With The Show" exhibited, NYC. = 1929 +Name The Year: Gladys Knight, singer, born. = 1944 +Name The Year: Premier of first animated 3-D cartoon in Technicolor - "Melody". = 1953 +Name The Year: First animals fired into space and rescued, Cape Canaveral. = 1959 +Name The Year: Amnesty International Anniversary. = 1961 +Name The Year: Mars 3 launched. First spacecraft to soft land on Mars. = 1971 +Name The Year: St Paul I begins his reign as Catholic Pope. = 757 +Name The Year: Constantinople falls to Muhammad II (Turks); ends Byzantine Empire. Also considered the end of the Middle Ages. = 1453 +Name The Year: Charles II king of England (1660-85), born. = 1630 +Name The Year: Ebenezer Butterick inventor (tissue paper dress pattern), born. = 1826 +Name The Year: Birth of Charles W. Fry, the English musician who, along with his three sons, formed the first Salvation Army brass band. = 1837 +Name The Year: Trademark "Escalator" registered by Otis Elevator Co.. = 1900 +Name The Year: 1st running of the Indianapolis 500. = 1911 +Name The Year: John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th U.S. President (1961-1963), born. = 1917 +Name The Year: Ecuador becomes independent. = 1922 +Name The Year: Al Unser, auto racer (Indianapolis 500-1970, 71), born. = 1939 +Name The Year: Hillary & Tenzing become 1st humans to reach top of Mt Everest. = 1953 +Name The Year: Annette Bening, actress (Bugsy, Valmont), born. = 1958 +Name The Year: Sue Press is 1st woman golfer to hit consecutive holes-in one. = 1977 +Name The Year: Larry Bird beats out Magic Johnson for NBA rookie of year. = 1980 +Name The Year: Eric Morecambe comedian (Morecambe & Wise), dies at 58. = 1984 +Name The Year: 35 die in rioting between British & Italians at European Cup soccer. = 1985 +Name The Year: Michael Jackson attempts to buy Elephant Man's remains. = 1987 +Name The Year: Joan of Arc burned at the stake in Rouen, France at age 19. = 1431 +Name The Year: The French philosopher Voltaire died. = 1778 +Name The Year: Benny Goodman, bandleader, king of swing, born = 1909 +Name The Year: Indianapolis 500 car race run for first time. Winning driver Ray Harroun takes it with a blazing 75 mph. = 1911 +Name The Year: Christine Jorgensen, pioneer transsexual, born = 1926 +Name The Year: Mariner 9 launched. = 1971 +Name The Year: Three Japanese PFL terrorists kill 24, wound 72 at Tel Aviv's Lydda airport. = 1972 +Name The Year: Spain became the 16th member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization . = 1982 +Name The Year: Lady Godiva takes a ride through Coventry. = 1678 +Name The Year: Composer Franz Josef Hayden died in Vienna, Austria. = 1809 +Name The Year: Walt Whitman (in West Hills, NY), poet, born. = 1819 +Name The Year: First recorded bicycle race, 2 kilometers in Paris. = 1868 +Name The Year: First electric railway opens at Berlin Trades Exposition. = 1879 +Name The Year: Don Ameche, actor (Cocoon, Trading Places), born. = 1908 +Name The Year: Union of South Africa was founded. = 1910 +Name The Year: During WW I British and German fleets fought the Battle of Jutland. = 1916 +Name The Year: Prince Rainier of Monaco, born. = 1923 +Name The Year: Clint Eastwood, actor (Dirty Harry, Heartbreak Ridge, City Heat), born. = 1930 +Name The Year: Tom Berenger, actor, born. = 1950 +Name The Year: South Africa became an independent republic. = 1961 +Name The Year: WW II Gestapo official Adolf Eichmann hung in Israel. = 1962 +Name The Year: Brooke Shields (in New York City), actor, model, born. = 1965 +Name The Year: Tens of thousands of people in Peru died in an earthquake . = 1970 +Name The Year: Israel and Syria sign an agreement concerning the Golan Heights. = 1974 +Name The Year: Martin Luther, protestant reformer = 1699 +Name The Year: Spencer Perceval (Tory), British PM (1809-12) = 1762 +Name The Year: Viscount Goderich (Tory), British PM (1827-28) = 1782 +Name The Year: Sir Benjamin Lee, Baronet Guinness, Irish brewer, Dublin mayor = 1798 +Name The Year: First published reference to the game of Poker describes it as a Mississippi riverboat game. = 1834 +Name The Year: Jose' Santos Zelaya (L), ruler of Nicaragua (1893-1910) = 1853 +Name The Year: Stephen Crane, poet (Red Badge of Courage) = 1871 +Name The Year: Carlos Saavedra Lamas, Argentine jurist (Nobel Peace Prize 1936) = 1878 +Name The Year: Sholem Asch, Yiddish novelist, playwright (Three Cities) = 1880 +Name The Year: Hermann Broch, Austrian novelist (Sleepwalkers, Bewitchment) = 1886 +Name The Year: Philip John Noel-Baker, statesman, disarmament advocate (Nobel '59) = 1889 +Name The Year: Alexander Alekhine of Russia, world chess champion (1927-46) = 1892 +Name The Year: Wernher von Braun named head of German liquid-fuel rocket program. = 1932 +Name The Year: Gary Player (in South Africa), golfer = 1935 +Name The Year: Larry Flint, publisher (Hustler) = 1942 +Name The Year: First black player in National Basketball Association, Fort Wayne, IN. = 1950 +Name The Year: First atomic explosion witnessed by troops, NM. = 1951 +Name The Year: First hydrogen device exploded at Eniwetok Atoll in the Pacific. = 1952 +Name The Year: Daniel Boone frontiersman/explorer, born. = 1734 +Name The Year: Marie-Antoinette Queen of France, born. = 1755 +Name The Year: Burt Lancaster NYC, actor (From Here to Eternity, Elmer Gantry), born. = 1913 +Name The Year: Ken Rosewall, Sydney, Australia, tennis star (US Open 1956), born. = 1934 +Name The Year: Montgomery (Br) defeats Rommel (Ger) in battle of Alamein (WW II). = 1942 +Name The Year: Howard Hughes' "Spruce Goose" flies for 1st (and last) time. = 1947 +Name The Year: Hungary appeals for UN assistance against Soviet invasion. = 1956 +Name The Year: Crew of Soyuz 29 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 31. = 1978 +Name The Year: President Reagan signs a bill establishing Martin Luther King day. = 1983 +Name The Year: Mexican radio station erronously reports Mike Tyson dies in car crash. = 1988 +Name The Year: Jermaine Jackson releases "Word to the Badd!!" anti Michael song. = 1991 +Name The Year: Great panic occurs in Europe over the close approach of a comet. = 1679 +Name The Year: John Montague 4th Earl of Sandwich, inventor of sandwich, born. = 1718 +Name The Year: 1st opium war-2 British frigates engage several Chinese junks. = 1839 +Name The Year: Jack the Ripper kills last victim. = 1888 +Name The Year: Columbia grants Panama independence. = 1903 +Name The Year: Austro-Hungarian Empire disolves. = 1918 +Name The Year: Poland proclaims independence from Russia after WW I. = 1918 +Name The Year: Charles Bronson Penns, actor (Death Wish, Dirty Dozen), born. = 1922 +Name The Year: Turkey switches from Arabic to Roman alphabet. = 1928 +Name The Year: 1st commercially produced synthetic rubber manufactured. = 1931 +Name The Year: George II returns to Greece and regains monarchy. = 1935 +Name The Year: Roy Emerson Australia, tennis player (Wimbeldon '64, '65), born. = 1936 +Name The Year: Lulu, Glasgow, Scotland, singer/actress (To Sir With Love), born. = 1948 +Name The Year: Clarence Birdseye markets frozen peas. = 1952 +Name The Year: Roseanne Barr Arnold Salt Lake City, comedienne/TV star (Roseanne), born. = 1952 +Name The Year: Adam Ant [Stuart Goddard], punk rocker (If I Strip For You), born. = 1954 +Name The Year: Australia takes control of the Cocos Islands. = 1955 +Name The Year: USSR launches Sputnik 2 with a dog (Laika), 1st animal in orbit. = 1957 +Name The Year: Dolph Lundgren actor, born. = 1959 +Name The Year: Body of assassinated Indian PM Indira Gandhi cremated. = 1984 +Name The Year: Lebanese magazine Ash Shirra reveals secret US arms sales to Iran. = 1986 +Name The Year: Soviet Union agrees to allow teaching of Hebrew. = 1988 +Name The Year: Bill Clinton elected US President. = 1992 +Name The Year: King William III of Orange = 1650 +Name The Year: Lighthouse established on Alcatraz Island. = 1854 +Name The Year: Eden Phillpotts, English novelist, poet, playwright = 1862 +Name The Year: Kingdom of Italy annexes Venetia. = 1866 +Name The Year: James Ritty patents the first cash register, to combat stealing by bartenders in his Dayton, Ohio saloon. = 1879 +Name The Year: Art Carney, actor (Honeymooners, Harold and Maude) = 1918 +Name The Year: Howard Carter discovers the tomb of Tutankhamen. = 1922 +Name The Year: Loretta Swit (in Passaic, NJ), actor (M = A = S = H) = 1937 +Name The Year: First air conditioned automobile (Packard) exhibited, Chicago, IL. = 1939 +Name The Year: UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization formed. (UNESCO) = 1946 +Name The Year: Israeli troops reach the Suez Canal for the first time. = 1956 +Name The Year: Nicaragua holds first free elections in 56 years; Sandinistas win 63%. = 1984 +Name The Year: Christopher Columbus learns of maize (corn) from the Indians of Cuba. = 1492 +Name The Year: Gunpowder Plot; Catholics try to blow up English Parliament. Plot uncovered & leader Guy Fawkes hanged. = 1605 +Name The Year: El Salvador's 1st battle against Spain for independence. = 1811 +Name The Year: Honduras declares independence of Central American Federation. = 1838 +Name The Year: Italy attacks Turkey, takes Tipoli & Cyrenaica. = 1911 +Name The Year: Ludwig III crowned king of Bavaria. = 1913 +Name The Year: Vivien Leigh, actress (Gone With Wind), born. = 1913 +Name The Year: Britain annexes Cyprus. = 1914 +Name The Year: Parker Brothers launches game of Monopoly. = 1935 +Name The Year: Art Garfunkel, singer/actor (Sounds of Silence, Carnal Knowledge), born. = 1942 +Name The Year: US launches Mariner 3 toward Mars; no data returned. = 1964 +Name The Year: Iranian PM Jaafar Sharif-Emami resigns to Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. = 1978 +Name The Year: Jacques Tati actor/director, dies of pulmonary embolism. = 1982 +Name The Year: Iceberg twice the size of Rhode Island sighted in Antarctic. = 1987 +Name The Year: Charles II, last Habsburg king of Spain (1665-1700) = 1661 +Name The Year: Colley Cibber, English dramatist, poet laureate (Love's Last Shift) = 1671 +Name The Year: Aloys Senefelder, inventor of lithography = 1771 +Name The Year: Spain grants Dominican Rep independence. = 1844 +Name The Year: Charles Henry Dow, co-founder of Dow Jones, first editor of the Wall Street Journal = 1851 +Name The Year: John Phillip Souza, march king (Stars and Stripes Forever, etc) = 1854 +Name The Year: Ignace Jan Paderewski, Polish composer, pianist, patriot = 1860 +Name The Year: James A. Naismith, inventor of basketball = 1861 +Name The Year: Marie Curie, discoverer of radium = 1867 +Name The Year: Heinrich Himmler, Nazi SS leader = 1900 +Name The Year: Bolshevik revolution begins. = 1917 +Name The Year: Joan Sutherland, opera star = 1926 +Name The Year: Joni Mitchell, singer = 1943 +Name The Year: Sally Field (in Pasadena, CA), actor (Flying Nun, Norma Rae) = 1946 +Name The Year: US explodes world's first hydrogen bomb at Eniwetok Atoll. = 1952 +Name The Year: Maria Shriver, Newscaster, married to Arnold Schartznegger = 1955 +Name The Year: Pres Reagan was elected to a second term, winning 49 states. = 1984 +Name The Year: 22nd Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 9 returns to Earth. = 1985 +Name The Year: Muhammad ibn Hazm, historian, jurist, writer of Islamic Spain = 994 +Name The Year: Francisco de Zurbarin, Spanish Baroque painter = 1598 +Name The Year: Abolitionist Elijah Lovejoy murdered by mob at Alton, Ill. = 1837 +Name The Year: London Gazette, oldest surviving journal, is founded. = 1865 +Name The Year: Madame Marie Sklodowska Curie, discovered radium (Nobel 1903, 1911) = 1867 +Name The Year: Mary Celeste sails from NY to Genoa; found abandoned 4 weeks later. = 1872 +Name The Year: Verney Cameron is first European to cross equatorial Africa from sea to sea. = 1875 +Name The Year: Leon Trotsky, Russian Communist theorist, Bolshevik = 1879 +Name The Year: Konrad Lorenz, zoologist, ethologist, writer (Nobel 1973) = 1903 +Name The Year: Bolsheviks overthrew Russian govt in St Petersburg. = 1914 +Name The Year: October Revolution overthrows Russian Provisional Government. = 1917 +Name The Year: Goddard demonstrates tube-launched solid propellant rockets. = 1918 +Name The Year: Al Hirt, trumpet player = 1922 +Name The Year: Richard Nixon's first time quiting politics - "You won't have Nixon to kick around", he tells the press. = 1962 +Name The Year: Dana Plato (in Maywood, CA) = 1964 +Name The Year: "Gone With the Wind" is shown on TV. = 1976 +Name The Year: Bomb explodes in U.S. Capitol, causing heavy damage but no injuries. = 1983 +Name The Year: Colombian troops ends 27-hour siege of Bogota's Palace of Justice. = 1985 +Name The Year: Sir Edmond Halley, astronomer, first to calculate a comet's orbit = 1656 +Name The Year: Bourbon Whiskey is first distilled from corn by Reverend Elijah Craig in Bourbon County, Kentucky. = 1789 +Name The Year: The Louvre, in Paris, was opened to the public. = 1793 +Name The Year: Gottlob Frege, German mathematician, logician, philosopher = 1848 +Name The Year: Abraham Lincoln was elected to his second term as President. = 1864 +Name The Year: Wilhelm Rintgen discovers x-rays. = 1895 +Name The Year: Margaret Mitchell, author (Gone With the Wind) = 1900 +Name The Year: Katherine Hepburn (in Connecticut), actor (African Queen, On Golden Pond) = 1909 +Name The Year: Peter Weiss, German dramatist, novelist (Marat/Sade) = 1916 +Name The Year: Dr. Christiaan Barnard, performed first human heart transplantation = 1922 +Name The Year: Hitler's "Beer Hall Putsch" failed; writes "Mein Kampf" while in jail. = 1923 +Name The Year: Edward G. Gibson, astronaut (Skylab 4) = 1936 +Name The Year: "Life with Father", longest running Broadway drama, opens (closes in 1947). = 1939 +Name The Year: Allied forces invade North Africa. = 1942 +Name The Year: Bonnie Raitt (in Los Angeles, CA), guitarist, singer = 1949 +Name The Year: Christie Hefner, daughter of Hugh Hefner = 1952 +Name The Year: Rickie Lee Jones (in Chicago), singer = 1954 +Name The Year: Walt Disney's "Robin Hood" is released. = 1973 +Name The Year: Fourteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 2 is launched. = 1984 +Name The Year: Judge overturned Rubin "Hurricane" Carter's conviction. (The case that inspired Bob Dylan's song "The Story Of The Hurricane") = 1985 +Name The Year: George Bush becomes the first sitting vice-president of the U.S. in 150 years to win a presidential election. = 1988 +Name The Year: Napoleon becomes dictator (1st consul) of France = 1799 +Name The Year: Ivan Turgenev, Russia, novelist/poet/playwright (Fathers and Sons), born. = 1818 +Name The Year: Edward VII, king of England (1901-10), born. = 1841 +Name The Year: Israel Bak created 1st hebrew printing press, dies. = 1874 +Name The Year: Hedy Lamarr, actress (Ecstacy, Samson and Delilah), born. = 1913 +Name The Year: Bavaria proclaims itself a republic. = 1918 +Name The Year: Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates after German defeat in WW I. = 1918 +Name The Year: Carl Sagan, NYC, astronomer/author/professor (Cosmos, Broca's Brain), born. = 1934 +Name The Year: "Kristallnacht" (Crystal Night)-Nazi stormtroopers attacked Jews. = 1938 +Name The Year: Germany invades Norway and Denmark in WW II. = 1940 +Name The Year: Chaim Weizmann 1st pres of Israel, dies at 57. = 1952 +Name The Year: Abdul-Aziz ibn Sa'ud founder of Saudi Arabia, dies (born c 1880). = 1953 +Name The Year: Cambodia (now Kampuchea) gains independence within French Union. = 1953 +Name The Year: Dylan Thomas author-poet, dies in NY at 39. = 1953 +Name The Year: Charles DeGaulle French pres, dies at 79. = 1970 +Name The Year: Gary Kasparov (USSR) becomes World Chess Champion at age of 22. = 1985 +Name The Year: East Berlin opens its borders. = 1989 +Name The Year: President Bush announces DOUBLING of US forces in Gulf. = 1990 +Name The Year: Yves Montand actor, dies at 70 from a heart attack. = 1991 +Name The Year: Martin Luther, Eisleben, Germany, founded Protestantism, born. = 1483 +Name The Year: George II king of England (1727-60), born. = 1683 +Name The Year: Austrian Archduke Maximilian became emperor of Mexico. = 1864 +Name The Year: Claude Rains London, actor (Invisible Man, Casablanca), born. = 1889 +Name The Year: 41 suffragists are arrested in front of the White House. = 1917 +Name The Year: Independence of Poland proclaimed by Jozef Pilsudski. = 1918 +Name The Year: Moise Tshombe, president of Katanga, then premier of the Congo (Zaire), born. = 1919 +Name The Year: Richard Burton, Wales, actor (Cleopatra, Virginia Woolf), born. = 1925 +Name The Year: Hirohito enthroned as Emperor of Japan. = 1928 +Name The Year: Roy Scheider Orange NJ, actor (All That Jazz, Jaws), born. = 1935 +Name The Year: Kemal Atarok 1st pres of Turkey, dies. = 1938 +Name The Year: 1st long distance telephone call without operator assistance. = 1951 +Name The Year: "Sesame Street" premieres on PBS TV. = 1969 +Name The Year: Leonid Brezhnev, Soviet 1st sectretary, dies of a heart attack at 75. = 1982 +Name The Year: River Rhine (Germany) polluted by chemical spill. = 1986 +Name The Year: Berlin Wall opens in East Germany. = 1989 +Name The Year: Guerrillas battle with government forces in El Salvador. = 1989 +Name The Year: Germans begin punching holes in the Berlin Wall. = 1989 +Name The Year: Transit of Earth as seen from Mars. = 2084 +Name The Year: Henry IV, Holy Roman emperor (1036-1106) = 1050 +Name The Year: 41 Pilgrims signed a compact aboard Mayflower. = 1620 +Name The Year: Yen Jo-chu, Chinese scholar of Ch'ing dynasty = 1636 +Name The Year: Dutch and French agree to divide St. Maarten, Leeward Islands. = 1648 +Name The Year: Charles IV, king of Spain (1788-1808) = 1748 +Name The Year: Chrysanthemums are introduced into England from China. = 1790 +Name The Year: Fyodor Dostoyevsky (in Russia), author (Crime and Punishment) = 1821 +Name The Year: George S. Patton, U.S. military leader = 1885 +Name The Year: Armistice Day -- WW I ends (at 11AM on Western Front). = 1918 +Name The Year: Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., author (Slaughterhouse Five, Sirens of Titan) = 1922 +Name The Year: During WWII Germany completed their occupation of France. = 1942 +Name The Year: Daniel Ortega Saavedra, president of Nicaragua (1984- ) = 1945 +Name The Year: Jigme Singye Wangchuk, king of Bhutan (1972- ) = 1955 +Name The Year: Demi Moore, actor (Ghost) = 1963 +Name The Year: Rhodesia proclaimed independence from Britain by PM Ian D. Smith. = 1965 +Name The Year: Gemini XII launched on four-day flight (the final Gemini flight). = 1966 +Name The Year: John Lennon and Yoko Ono appear nude on cover of "Two Virgins" album. = 1968 +Name The Year: US Army turned over Long Bihn base to South Vietnamese army. = 1972 +Name The Year: Portugal grants Angola independence (Natl Day). = 1975 +Name The Year: The crew of Soyuz 35 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 37. = 1980 +Name The Year: 5th Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 5 is launched (first commercial flight). = 1982 +Name The Year: Rev Martin Luther King Sr, dies in Atlanta at 84. = 1984 +Name The Year: Van Gogh's "Irises" sells for record $53.6 million at auction. = 1987 +Name The Year: Baha'Ullah (Mirza Husayn Ali), founded Baha'i faith = 1817 +Name The Year: Aleksandr Borodin, Russian composer = 1833 +Name The Year: Auguste Rodin, sculptor (Kiss) = 1840 +Name The Year: Jules Leotard performs the first Flying Trapeze circus act in Paris. He also designed the garment that bears his name. = 1859 +Name The Year: Sun Yat-sen, father of modern China (ROC and PRC) = 1866 +Name The Year: Harry A. Blackmun, U.S. Supreme Court justice = 1908 +Name The Year: Austria becomes a republic. = 1918 +Name The Year: Trotsky expelled from Soviet CP; Stalin becomes undisputed dictator. = 1927 +Name The Year: Grace Kelly (in Philadelphia, PA), actor, Princess of Monaco = 1929 +Name The Year: First Sunday football game in Philadelphia (previously illegal). = 1933 +Name The Year: First known photo of Loch Ness monster (or whatever) is taken. = 1933 +Name The Year: Richard H. Truly, U.S. astronaut (STS-2, 8) = 1937 +Name The Year: Stefanie Powers (in Hollywood, CA), actor (Hart to Hart) = 1942 +Name The Year: German battleship Tirpitz was sunk off Norway. = 1944 +Name The Year: Neil Young, singer/songwriter = 1945 +Name The Year: The first "autobank" (banking by car) was established, in Chicago. = 1946 +Name The Year: Walt Disney's "Song Of The South" released. = 1946 +Name The Year: Japanese premier Tojo sentenced to death by war crimes tribunal. = 1948 +Name The Year: Nadia Comaneci (in Romania), Olympic gymnist = 1961 +Name The Year: Venera 2 launched by Soviet Union toward Venus. = 1965 +Name The Year: New Orleans elects first black mayor, Ernest `Dutch' Morial. = 1977 +Name The Year: US space probe Voyager I approaches 77,000 miles of Saturn. = 1980 +Name The Year: First balloon crossing of Pacific completed (Double Eagle V). = 1981 +Name The Year: Second Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 2 is launched. First time a spacecraft is launched twice. = 1981 +Name The Year: Yuri V. Andropov succeeds Leonid Brezhnev. = 1982 +Name The Year: Space shuttle astronauts snared a satellite first space salvage. = 1984 +Name The Year: St. Augustine of Hippo (in Numidia, Algeria) = 354 +Name The Year: St Nicholas I (the Great), pope (858-67) dies. = 867 +Name The Year: English king Ethelred II launches massacre of Danish settlers. = 1002 +Name The Year: Edward III, king of England (1327-77) = 1312 +Name The Year: Edward John Trelawney, English traveler, author = 1792 +Name The Year: Edwin Booth, American actor = 1833 +Name The Year: Robert Louis Stevenson (in Scotland), writer (Treasure Island) = 1850 +Name The Year: First shipment of canned pineapple from Hawaii. = 1895 +Name The Year: 250 miners die in a fire at St. Paul Mine at Cherry, Ill. = 1909 +Name The Year: "The Sheik", starring Rudolph Valentino, is released. = 1921 +Name The Year: The Holland Tunnel, first underwater vehicular tunnel, opened between New York and New Jersey. = 1927 +Name The Year: NBC forms first full sized symphony orchestra exclusively for radio. = 1937 +Name The Year: Walt Disney's "Fantasia" is released. = 1940 +Name The Year: British aircraft carrier Ark Royal sank in Mediterranean. = 1941 +Name The Year: U.S. Supreme Court struck down segregation of races on public buses. = 1956 +Name The Year: Cyclone kills estimated 300,000 in Bangladesh. = 1970 +Name The Year: Mariner 9, first orbit of another planet, first orbit of Mars. = 1971 +Name The Year: Karen Silkwood killed in a car crash. = 1974 +Name The Year: First manned balloon flight across Pacific Ocean ended. = 1981 +Name The Year: Korean boxer Duk Koo Kim fatally injured when KOed by Ray Mancini. = 1982 +Name The Year: Vietnam War Memorial dedicated in Washington, DC. = 1982 +Name The Year: Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupts in Colombia, kills 25,000. = 1985 +Name The Year: Soviets launch first unmanned Space Shuttle in two-day test. = 1988 +Name The Year: Samuel Pepys reports on first blood transfusion (between dogs). = 1666 +Name The Year: William Pitt the Elder (Whig), British PM (1756-61, 1766-68) = 1708 +Name The Year: Robert Fulton, built first commercial steamboat = 1765 +Name The Year: Henri Dutrochet, discovered & named process of osmosis = 1776 +Name The Year: Sir Charles Lyell, geologist = 1797 +Name The Year: Claude Monet, impressionist painter = 1840 +Name The Year: "Moby Dick", by Herman Melville, is published. = 1851 +Name The Year: Jawaharlal Nehru, first Indian PM (1947-64), made fashion statement = 1889 +Name The Year: Power plant at Niagara Falls begins operation. = 1896 +Name The Year: Louise Brooks, silent screen star (American Venus, Pandora's Box) = 1906 +Name The Year: Rosemary DeCamp (in Arizona) = 1910 +Name The Year: First airplane flight from the deck of a ship. = 1910 +Name The Year: Barbara Hutton, actress = 1912 +Name The Year: Veronica Lake, actress = 1919 +Name The Year: Brian Keith, actor = 1921 +Name The Year: BBC began domestic radio service. = 1922 +Name The Year: McLean Stevenson, actor (M = A = S = H) = 1929 +Name The Year: Edward H. White II, astronaut (Gemini 4) = 1930 +Name The Year: Fred Haise, astronaut (Apollo 13) = 1933 +Name The Year: Hussein I, king of Jordan (1953- ) = 1935 +Name The Year: During WW II, German planes destroyed most of Coventry, England. = 1940 +Name The Year: Charles Phillip Arthur George Windsor, Prince of Wales = 1948 +Name The Year: Kilauea Volcano's most spectacular eruption (in Hawaii). = 1959 +Name The Year: Apollo 12 is launched. = 1969 +Name The Year: Dow Jones closes above 1,000 for first time (1003.16). = 1972 +Name The Year: Britain's Princess Anne marries a commoner, Capt. Mark Phillips. = 1973 +Name The Year: Second Space Shuttle Mission, Columbia 2, returns to Earth. = 1981 +Name The Year: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission imposes a record $100 million penalty against inside-trader Ivan Boesky. = 1986 +Name The Year: Johannes Kepler, planetary law-maker, dies. = 1630 +Name The Year: Sir William Herschel, astronomer discovered Uranus = 1738 +Name The Year: Gerhart Hauptmann, German writer (Before Dawn) (Nobel 1912) = 1862 +Name The Year: Dom Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil, deposed; republic proclaimed. = 1889 +Name The Year: Erwin Rommel, German field marshall, brilliant tactician = 1891 +Name The Year: League of Nations holds first meeting, in Geneva. = 1920 +Name The Year: Ed Asner, actor (Lou Grant) = 1929 +Name The Year: Petula Clark (in England), singer = 1932 +Name The Year: Walt Disney Art School created. = 1932 +Name The Year: Anni-Frid (in Lyngsdtad, Sweden), singer (ABBA) = 1945 +Name The Year: Actor Tyrone Power dies of a heart attack at 44. = 1958 +Name The Year: Gemini XII returns to Earth. = 1966 +Name The Year: Michael Adams in X-15 reaches altitude of 80 km. = 1967 +Name The Year: 250,000 protesters peacefully demonstrate against Vietnam War. = 1969 +Name The Year: President Jimmy Carter welcomes Shah of Iran. = 1977 +Name The Year: Pope John Paul II began 5 day visit to West Germany. = 1980 +Name The Year: Funeral services held in Moscow's Red Square for Leonid I. Brezhnev. = 1982 +Name The Year: Baby Fae, who received a baboon's, heart died at a California medical center. = 1984 +Name The Year: Soviet unmanned Space Shuttle completes 2 day test, lands just 8 miles from launch site in central Asia. = 1988 +Name The Year: Pizarro seizes Incan emperor Atahualpa. = 1532 +Name The Year: Rodolphe Kreutzer, French composer, virtuoso violinist = 1766 +Name The Year: N.E. Guerin of New York receives a patent for his cork filled life preserver. = 1841 +Name The Year: William Handy, blues musician, established the popularity of the blues in band music = 1873 +Name The Year: 6,000 Armenians massacred by Turks in Kurdistan. = 1894 +Name The Year: Paul Hindemith (in Germany), composer = 1895 +Name The Year: Burgess Meredith, actor (Batman, Rocky) = 1908 +Name The Year: Roosevelt establishes diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. = 1933 +Name The Year: Donna McKechnie (in Pontiac, Michigan) = 1942 +Name The Year: The United Nations gets approval from the U.S. government for issuing postage stamps. = 1950 +Name The Year: First speed-boat to exceed 200 miles per hour (D.M. Campbell, pilot). = 1955 +Name The Year: First public announcement about Walt Disney World. = 1965 +Name The Year: Venera 3 launched. (Later, the first man-made object to land on another planet when it crashed into Venus.) = 1965 +Name The Year: Dr. Sam Sheppard freed after 9 years in jail, by a jury. = 1966 +Name The Year: Lisa Bonet (in San Francisco, CA), actor (Cosby Show) = 1967 +Name The Year: Donald Wolf, computer game creator = 1971 +Name The Year: Skylab 4 and its crew are launched into earth orbit (The final Skylab mission). = 1973 +Name The Year: Fifth Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 5 returns to Earth. = 1982 +Name The Year: Fourteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 2 returns to Earth. = 1984 +Name The Year: Il Bronzino, Florentine painter = 1503 +Name The Year: Elizabeth I ascends English throne upon death of Queen Mary. = 1558 +Name The Year: Joost van den Vondel, Dutch poet, dramatist = 1587 +Name The Year: Jean d'Alembert, French mathematician, scientist, philosopher = 1717 +Name The Year: Louis XVIII, first post-revolutionary king of France (1814-24) = 1755 +Name The Year: August Ferdinand Mobius, mathematician, inventor of Mobius strip = 1790 +Name The Year: The Suez Canal opens. = 1869 +Name The Year: Field Marshal Viscount Montgomery of Alamein (in Moville, Ireland) = 1887 +Name The Year: Isamu Noguchi, sculptor = 1904 +Name The Year: The Panama Canal opens for use. = 1913 +Name The Year: Sculptor August Rodin died in Meudon, France. = 1917 +Name The Year: Rock Hudson (in Winnetka, Ill), actor (Pillow Talk, A Farewell to Arms, McMillan and Wife) = 1925 +Name The Year: Peter Cook, British actor, comedian = 1937 +Name The Year: Gordon Lightfoot, folksinger = 1938 +Name The Year: Martin Scorsese, director (Mean Streets, NY, NY) = 1942 +Name The Year: Lauren Hutton (in South Carolina), model, actor (American Gigolo, Lassiter) = 1943 +Name The Year: Danny DeVito, actor (Taxi, Ruthless People, Twins), director (War of the Roses) = 1944 +Name The Year: Britain's House of Commons voted to nationalize steel industry. = 1948 +Name The Year: Jeff Buckley (singer, son of Tim Buckley) = 1966 +Name The Year: Russia lands unmanned remote-controlled vehicle on Moon. = 1970 +Name The Year: Pres Nixon told AP "...people have got to know whether or not their pres is a crook. Well, I'm not a crook." = 1973 +Name The Year: Egyptian President Sadat formally accepts invitation to visit Israel. = 1977 +Name The Year: South Korean boxer Duk Koo Kim was legally declared dead. = 1982 +Name The Year: Bartolomeu Dias discovers Cape of Good Hope. = 1497 +Name The Year: Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre, developed a method of photography = 1789 +Name The Year: Battle of Vertieres, in which Haitians defeat French. = 1803 +Name The Year: Antarctica discovered by U.S. Navy Captain Nathaniel B. Palmer. = 1820 +Name The Year: Sir W.S. Gilbert, playwright (of Gilbert and Sullivan fame) = 1836 +Name The Year: U.S. and Canada begin the use of standard time zones (standard time zones established by the railroads in both countries). = 1883 +Name The Year: Oahu Railway begins public service in Hawaii. = 1889 +Name The Year: George H. Gallop, pollster (what's your opinion?) = 1901 +Name The Year: Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, gives US exclusive canal rights through Panama. = 1903 +Name The Year: U.S. invades Nicaragua, later overthrows President Zelaya. = 1909 +Name The Year: Lincoln Deachey performs first airplane loop-the-loop. = 1913 +Name The Year: Latvia declares independence from Russia. = 1918 +Name The Year: Alan B. Shepard, Jr., first American in space (Freedom 7, Apollo 14) = 1923 +Name The Year: Mickey Mouse, cartoon character, sired by Walt Disney's pen = 1928 +Name The Year: Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse debuts in New York in "Steamboat Willie". = 1928 +Name The Year: William "Pete" Knight, X-15 pilot, born. = 1929 +Name The Year: Brenda Vaccaro (in Brooklyn, NY) actor (Midnight Cowboy) = 1939 +Name The Year: "Flowers and Trees" awarded first Academy Award for a cartoon. = 1932 +Name The Year: Main span of San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge joined. = 1936 +Name The Year: Linda Evans, actor (Dynasty), born. = 1942 +Name The Year: First ambassador to Canada, Ray Atherton, nominated. = 1943 +Name The Year: Christopher Columbus discovers Puerto Rico. = 1493 +Name The Year: Puerto Rico Discovery Day. = 1582 +Name The Year: Charles I, king of England (1625-49); later executed by Parliament = 1600 +Name The Year: Pilgrims reach Cape Cod on the Mayflower. = 1620 +Name The Year: First protestant ministry society in New England. = 1644 +Name The Year: Ferdinand de Lesseps, French diplomat, built Suez Canal = 1805 +Name The Year: President Lincoln delivers his famous address at Gettysburg, PA. = 1863 +Name The Year: Jose Raul Capablanca of Cuba, world chess champion (1921-27) = 1888 +Name The Year: The pencil is invented. = 1895 +Name The Year: Tommy Dorsey, band leader = 1905 +Name The Year: Indira Gandhi, Indian prime minister (1966-77, 1980-84) = 1917 +Name The Year: Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations rejected by U.S. Senate. = 1919 +Name The Year: Dan Haggerty, actor (Grizzly Adams) = 1941 +Name The Year: Calvin Klein, clothes designer = 1942 +Name The Year: Kathleen Quinlan (in Mill Valley, CA), actor (Twilight Zone) = 1954 +Name The Year: Ford Motor Company cancels the Edsel. = 1959 +Name The Year: Jodie Foster (in Los Angeles, CA), actor (Silence of the Lambs, Nell, The Accused) = 1962 +Name The Year: Egyptian President Anwar Sadat arrives in Israel. = 1977 +Name The Year: Rev Jim Jones leads 911 people in suicide in Jonestown, Guyana. = 1978 +Name The Year: Otto von Guericke, invented the air pump. = 1602 +Name The Year: Britain declares war against Holland. = 1780 +Name The Year: Andres Bello, Venezuelan diplomat, author, humanist = 1781 +Name The Year: William Bundy invents the first timecard clock. = 1888 +Name The Year: Edwin Hubble, US astronomer, discoverer of galaxies, red shift = 1889 +Name The Year: Chester Gould, cartoonist (gave Dick Tracy a job) = 1900 +Name The Year: Revolution broke out in Mexico, led by Francisco I. Madero. = 1910 +Name The Year: The U.S. State Department starts requiring photographs for passports. = 1914 +Name The Year: Maya Plisetkaya, prima ballerina = 1925 +Name The Year: Robert Kennedy (in Brookline, Mass), Democratic Senator from New York, U.S. Attorney General; later assassinated = 1925 +Name The Year: Veronica Hamel (in Philadelphia, PA), actor (Hill Street Blues) = 1943 +Name The Year: International War Crimes Tribunal opens trial of Nazi leaders in Nuremberg. = 1945 +Name The Year: Britain's Princess Elizabeth, marries Duke Philip Mountbatten in London's Westminster Abbey. = 1947 +Name The Year: Bo Derek (in Long Beach, CA), actor? (10; Tarzan, Ape Man) = 1956 +Name The Year: Spain's Gen. Francisco Franco dies in Madrid at 82. = 1975 +Name The Year: Egyptian President Anwar Sadat became first Arab leader to address Israel's Knesset. = 1977 +Name The Year: Steve Ptacek in Solar Challenger makes first solar-powered flight. = 1980 +Name The Year: Anatoly Karpov, USSR retains world chess championship. = 1981 +Name The Year: UN's WHO announces first global effort to combat AIDS. = 1986 +Name The Year: Mayflower Compact signed by Pilgrims in Providencetown, MA harbor. = 1620 +Name The Year: Jakob Bohme, German philosophical mystic, dies (birth date unknown). = 1624 +Name The Year: Voltaire, thinker = 1694 +Name The Year: Pilftre de Rozier and Marquis d'Arlandes make first free balloon flight. = 1783 +Name The Year: William Beaumont, surgeon, studied digestion = 1785 +Name The Year: Sir Samuel Cunard, founded first regular Atlantic steamship line = 1787 +Name The Year: Benedict XV, 258th Roman Catholic pope (1914-22) = 1854 +Name The Year: Rene Magritte, painter (This is Not a Pipe) = 1898 +Name The Year: Coleman Hawkins, virtually created the tenor saxophone for jazz = 1904 +Name The Year: Vivian Blaine, actor (Guys and Dolls) = 1923 +Name The Year: Henry W. "Hank" Hartsfield, U.S. astronaut (STS-4, 41D, 61A) = 1933 +Name The Year: First US ambassador to the USSR (W.C. Bullitt). = 1933 +Name The Year: Marlo Thomas (in Detroit, Michigan), actor (That Girl) = 1938 +Name The Year: Natalia Maskarova (in Lenningrad), ballerina = 1940 +Name The Year: Juliet Mills (in London, England) = 1941 +Name The Year: Goldie Hawn (in Washington, DC), actor (Butterflies Are Free, Foul Play, Private Benjamin) = 1945 +Name The Year: Jack Benny (Violin) and Richard Nixon (Piano) play their famed duet. = 1959 +Name The Year: The Verrazanno Narrows Bridge (Brooklyn to Staten Island) opens, becoming the world's longest suspension bridge. = 1964 +Name The Year: The "Who Shot JR" episode of "Dallas" begins the tradition of season-ending cliff-hangers. = 1980 +Name The Year: Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, composer, son of J.S. Bach = 1710 +Name The Year: George Eliot (in England), novelist (Silas Marner) = 1819 +Name The Year: Tarzan of the Apes, according to Edgar Rice Burroughs' novel. = 1888 +Name The Year: Charles de Gaulle, pres of France (1958-69), general = 1890 +Name The Year: International Radio Telegraphic Convention adopts "SOS" as new call for help. = 1906 +Name The Year: Benjamin Britten, English composer = 1913 +Name The Year: Geraldine Page (in Kirksville, MO), actor (Trip to Bountiful) = 1924 +Name The Year: Owen K. Garriott, astronaut (Skylab 3, STS-9) = 1930 +Name The Year: Robert Vaughn, actor (Man from U.N.C.L.E) = 1932 +Name The Year: Billie Jean King (in California), tennis pro = 1943 +Name The Year: Lebanon gains independence from France (National Day). = 1943 +Name The Year: Jamie Lee Curtis (in Los Angeles, CA), actor, (Halloween, Trading Places, True Lies), Tony Curtis and Janet Leigh's daughter = 1958 +Name The Year: Mariel Hemingway (in Ketchum, Idaho), actor (Star 80, Manhattan, Personal Best) = 1961 +Name The Year: President John Kennedy assasinated in Dallas; Lee Harvey Oswald is assumed to have been the assasin. = 1963 +Name The Year: UN Security council passes resolution 242, declaring that Israel must give back land won in the 6 day war. = 1967 +Name The Year: Beatles release "The Beatles", their only double album. = 1968 +Name The Year: Otto I (the Great), German king, Holy Roman emperor (962-73) = 912 +Name The Year: Alfonso X (the Wise), king of Castile and Leon (1252) = 1221 +Name The Year: Just past midnight, a sharp jolt causes Lake Merced to drop 30 feet. = 1852 +Name The Year: Billy the Kid (William H. Bonney), criminal = 1859 +Name The Year: Karl Branting, Swedish statesman, diplomat (Nobel Peace Prize 1921) = 1860 +Name The Year: Battle of Chattanooga begins. = 1863 +Name The Year: Patent granted for a process of making color photographs. = 1863 +Name The Year: Boris Karloff, actor (Frankenstein, Isle of the Dead) = 1887 +Name The Year: The first jukebox is installed, at a saloon in San Francisco. = 1889 +Name The Year: Post Hospital at Presidio renamed Letterman General Hospital. = 1911 +Name The Year: Krzysztof Penderecki, Polish composer (Hiroshima Threnody) = 1933 +Name The Year: Vladislav N. Volkov, Soviet cosmonaut (Soyuz 7, 11) = 1935 +Name The Year: Lens to provide zoom effects patented (F.G. Back). = 1948 +Name The Year: Francie Larrieu, track runner = 1952 +Name The Year: Merle Oberon dies at age 68. = 1979 +Name The Year: Mae West dies at age 88. = 1980 +Name The Year: 25th Anniversary of "Dr. Who" - And still going strong. "Anyone seen a Tardis around here?" = 1988 +Name The Year: Destructive eruption of Vesuvius. = 1759 +Name The Year: South Carolina passes Ordinance of Nullification. = 1832 +Name The Year: Henre de Toulouse-Lautrec (in France), painter = 1864 +Name The Year: Dale Carnegie, author (How to Win Friends and Influence People) = 1888 +Name The Year: Charles Schultz, Peanuts Creator = 1922 +Name The Year: Oscar "Big O" Robertson, basketball player = 1938 +Name The Year: Agatha Christie's "The Mousetrap" opens in London. At last report, it is still running. = 1952 +Name The Year: First US Presidential airplane christened. = 1954 +Name The Year: First and only live murder on TV - Jack Ruby shoots Lee Harvey Oswald. = 1963 +Name The Year: Apollo 12 returns to Earth. = 1969 +Name The Year: Britain evacuated New York, their last military position in U.S. = 1783 +Name The Year: Andrew Carnegie, steel industrialist, library builder = 1835 +Name The Year: Carry Nation, scourge of barkeepers and drinkers = 1846 +Name The Year: Alfred Nobel invents dynamite. = 1867 +Name The Year: John XXIII (born Angelo Roncalli near Bergamo, Italy), 261st pope (1958-63) = 1881 +Name The Year: John B. Meyenberg of St Louis patented evaporated milk. = 1884 +Name The Year: Ricardo Montalban, actor (Fantasy Island, Star Trek II) = 1920 +Name The Year: First Soviet liquid rocket attains altitude of 261 ft. = 1933 +Name The Year: John Larroquette, actor (Night Court, Star Trek III) = 1937 +Name The Year: Tina Turner (in Brownsville, Texas), singer, actor = 1941 +Name The Year: John F. Kennedy, Jr. = 1960 +Name The Year: First atomic reactor for research and development, Richland, Wa. = 1960 +Name The Year: Greek Pres George Papadopoulos ousted in a bloodless military coup. = 1973 +Name The Year: UN Secretary-General U Thant dies in NY of cancer at 65. = 1974 +Name The Year: Netherlands grants Surinam independence (Natl Day). = 1975 +Name The Year: O.J. Simpson gains 273 yards for Buffalo vs. Detroit. = 1976 +Name The Year: Sugar Ray Leonard regains WBC welterweight championship. = 1980 +Name The Year: Soyuz T-9 returns to Earth, 149 days after take-off. = 1983 +Name The Year: William Schroeder, becomes second to receive Jarvik-7 artificial heart. = 1984 +Name The Year: John Harvard, English clergyman, scholar, founder of Harvard U. = 1607 +Name The Year: First lion to be seen in America was exhibited in Boston. = 1716 +Name The Year: William Cowper, English poet = 1731 +Name The Year: Captain Cook discovers Maui (in the Sandwich Islands). = 1778 +Name The Year: Sarah Moore Grimke, American antislavery, women's rights advocate = 1792 +Name The Year: Republican calendar replaces Gregorian calendar in France. = 1793 +Name The Year: Louisa May Alcott, author (Little Women) = 1832 +Name The Year: "Alice in Wonderland" is published. = 1865 +Name The Year: The first baseball game played in enclosed field in San Francisco, at 25th and Folsom. = 1868 +Name The Year: Willis Haviland Carrier, developed air-conditioning equipment = 1876 +Name The Year: First Meteor photograph. = 1885 +Name The Year: Norbert Wiener, inventor of cybernetics, absentminded-professor = 1894 +Name The Year: Eugene Ionesco, French dramatist (Rhinoceros) = 1912 +Name The Year: Robert Goulet (in Canada), singer, actor = 1933 +Name The Year: Boris Yegorov, Soviet cosmonaut (Voskhod 1) = 1937 +Name The Year: Rich Little (in Canada), impressionist = 1938 +Name The Year: Nazis force 4.5 mil Warsaw Jews to live in walled ghetto. = 1940 +Name The Year: India adopts a constitution as a British Commonwealth Republic. = 1949 +Name The Year: China enters Korean conflict. = 1950 +Name The Year: The fab fours' first recording session under the name Beatles (they were formerly the Silver Beatles). = 1962 +Name The Year: France launches first satellite, a 92-pound A1 capsule. = 1965 +Name The Year: First major tidal power plant opened at Rance estuary, France. = 1966 +Name The Year: Federal jury found Lynette Fromme guilty of attempted assassination. = 1975 +Name The Year: Yasuhiro Nakasone elected PM of Japan succeeding Zenko Suzuki. = 1982 +Name The Year: 23rd Space Shuttle Mission - Atlantis 2 is launched. = 1985 +Name The Year: Pope Urban II preaches first Crusade. = 1095 +Name The Year: Anders Celsius, scientist, invented centigrade temperature scale = 1701 +Name The Year: Sir Julius Benedict, composer = 1804 +Name The Year: Cracow declared a free republic. = 1815 +Name The Year: Chaim Weizmann, Israeli statesman = 1874 +Name The Year: Charles A. Beard, American historian = 1874 +Name The Year: Alfred Nobel establishes Nobel prize. = 1895 +Name The Year: NY's Penn Station opens as world's largest railway terminal. = 1910 +Name The Year: Alexander Dubcek, head of Czech Communist Party (1968-69) = 1921 +Name The Year: Benigno Aquino, Jr., Philippine opposition leader; assassinated = 1932 +Name The Year: Eddie Rabbitt, singer = 1941 +Name The Year: Jimi Hendrix, guitarist = 1942 +Name The Year: French navy at Toulon scuttled its ships and submarines to prevent them from falling into hands of Nazis. = 1942 +Name The Year: Gen George C. Marshall named special U.S. envoy to China. = 1945 +Name The Year: First rocket to intercept an airplane, White Sands, NM. = 1951 +Name The Year: Playwright Eugene O'Neill dies in Boston at 65. = 1953 +Name The Year: Beatles release "Magical Mystery Tour." = 1967 +Name The Year: George Harrison releases 3 album set "All Things Must Pass." = 1970 +Name The Year: Pope Paul VI wounded in chest during a visit to Philippines by a dagger-wielding Bolivian painter disguised as a priest. = 1970 +Name The Year: Mars 2, Mars landing. First crash landing on Mars. = 1971 +Name The Year: San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and City Supervisor Harvey Milk shot by Dan White. = 1978 +Name The Year: Soyuz T-3 is launched. = 1980 +Name The Year: Republic of Ireland gains consultative role in Northern Ireland. = 1985 +Name The Year: Space shuttle Atlantis makes second flight, carries 7 (1 Mexican). = 1985 +Name The Year: Magellan begins crossing the Pacific Ocean. = 1520 +Name The Year: John Bunyan, English cleric, author (Pilgrim's Progress) = 1628 +Name The Year: Jean Baptiste Lully, French composer, musician = 1632 +Name The Year: William Blake, poet (Songs of Innocence and Experience) = 1757 +Name The Year: Washington and his troops cross the Delaware River. = 1776 +Name The Year: Friedrich Engels, Marx's collaborator = 1820 +Name The Year: America's first auto race starts; 6 cars, 55 miles, winner averages a blazing 7 MPH. = 1895 +Name The Year: Claude Levi-Strauss, Belgian social anthropologist = 1908 +Name The Year: Admiral R.E. Byrd makes first South Pole flight. = 1929 +Name The Year: Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met at Tehran. = 1943 +Name The Year: Randy Newman, singer (Raindrops), songwriter = 1943 +Name The Year: Alexander Godunov, composer = 1949 +Name The Year: Paul Schaeffer, musician (Saturday Night Live, David Letterman), actor (This Is Spinal Tap), Thunder Bay, Ont. = 1949 +Name The Year: Mauritania gains independence from France (National Day). = 1960 +Name The Year: Mariner 4 launched. First spacecraft to fly by Mars. = 1964 +Name The Year: Ninth Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 6 is launched. = 1983 +Name The Year: Reagan administration exceeds SALT II arms limitations for first time. = 1986 +Name The Year: Cardinal Thomas Wolsey adviser to England's King Henry VIII, died. = 1530 +Name The Year: Christian Doppler, discovered Doppler Effect (color shift) = 1803 +Name The Year: Sir Ambrose Fleming, inventor of the diode = 1849 +Name The Year: Colorado militia kills 150 peaceful Cheyenne Indians. = 1864 +Name The Year: Antonio Egas Moniz, Portuguese lobotomist (Nobel 1949) = 1874 +Name The Year: U.S. receives rights to Pearl Harbor, on Oahu, Hawaii. = 1887 +Name The Year: U.S. declares martial law in Dominican Republic. = 1916 +Name The Year: King Tut's Tomb is discovered in Egypt. = 1922 +Name The Year: Italian composer Giacomo Puccini died in Brussels. = 1924 +Name The Year: Richard Byrd and crew flies over the South Pole. = 1929 +Name The Year: Diana Ladd = 1932 +Name The Year: John Mayall, blues singer = 1933 +Name The Year: Chuck Mangione, jazz musician, composer = 1940 +Name The Year: Albania liberated from Nazi control (National Day). = 1944 +Name The Year: Yugoslav Republic Day. = 1945 +Name The Year: U.N. General Assmebly allows for a Jewish state in Palestine. = 1947 +Name The Year: First underground atomic explosion, Frenchman Flat, Nevada. = 1951 +Name The Year: President-elect Eisenhower visits Korea to assess the war. = 1952 +Name The Year: Howie Mandel, actor (St Elsewhere, Walk Like a Man), comedian = 1955 +Name The Year: Mercury 5 launches a chimp (Ham/Enos). = 1961 +Name The Year: Beatles release "I Want to Hold Your Hand." = 1963 +Name The Year: LBJ sets up Warren comm to investigate assassination of JFK. = 1963 +Name The Year: Actor Natalie Wood drowns off Santa Catalina, Calif., at 43. = 1981 +Name The Year: Cary Grant, dies in Davenport, Iowa, at 82. = 1986 +Name The Year: .C. Cleopatra died = 30 B +Name The Year: Andrea Doria, Genovese statesman, admiral = 1466 +Name The Year: Jonathan Swift, satirist (Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal) = 1667 +Name The Year: Johann Lukas Schonlein, helped establish scientific medicine = 1793 +Name The Year: Oliver Fisher Winchester, rifle maker = 1810 +Name The Year: Samuel Clemens (a.k.a. Mark Twain) (at Hannibal, MO), author (Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn) = 1835 +Name The Year: Sir Winston Churchill (C), Brit. PM (1940-45, 1951-55) (Nobel 1953) = 1874 +Name The Year: Virginia Mayo (in St Louis, MO) = 1920 +Name The Year: Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., actor (77 Sunset Strip, The Untouchables) = 1923 +Name The Year: Richard Crenna, actor = 1927 +Name The Year: Dick Clark, America's oldest teenager (American Bandstand) = 1929 +Name The Year: G. Gordon Liddy, tough guy, Watergate celebrity = 1930 +Name The Year: Abbie Hoffman, inventor of LSD = 1936 +Name The Year: The Soviet Union invades Finland over a border dispute. = 1939 +Name The Year: Only one day after the U.N. decrees Israel's right to exist, Jewish settlements are attacked. = 1947 +Name The Year: First meteorite known to have struck a woman - Sylacauga, Alabama. = 1954 +Name The Year: Billy Idol, rocker (White Wedding) = 1955 +Name The Year: First guided missile destroyer launched, the Dewey, Bath, Me. = 1958 +Name The Year: USSR launches Zond 2 towards Mars. = 1964 +Name The Year: Barbados gains independence from Britain (National Day). = 1966 +Name The Year: BC Alexander of Macedon defeats Persian army at Gaugamela. = 331 +Name The Year: Henry III, king of England (1216-72) = 1207 +Name The Year: Charles VI, Holy Roman emperor (1711-40) = 1685 +Name The Year: Maria Mitchell discovers a non-naked-eye comet. = 1847 +Name The Year: First postcards are issued in Vienna. = 1869 +Name The Year: William Edward Boeing, founded aircraft company = 1881 +Name The Year: Vladimir Horowitz, pianist = 1904 +Name The Year: Walter Matthau, actor (Odd Couple, Bad News Bears, Hopscotch) = 1920 +Name The Year: Tom Bosley, actor (Happy Days, Murder She Wrote) = 1927 +Name The Year: George Peppard, actor (Breakfast at Tiffany's, Blue Max, A-Team) = 1928 +Name The Year: Start of USSR experimental calender. = 1929 +Name The Year: Julie Andrews, actor, singer (Sound of Music, Mary Poppins, S.O.B.) = 1935 +Name The Year: Germany annexes Sudetenland (1/3 of Czechoslovakia). = 1938 +Name The Year: First jet propelled airplane tested. = 1942 +Name The Year: People's Rep of China proclaimed (National Day). = 1949 +Name The Year: First treaty signed by female ambassador - Eugenie Anderson. = 1951 +Name The Year: First ultra high frequency (UHF) television station, Portland, OR. = 1952 +Name The Year: Nigeria gains independence from Britain (National Day). = 1960 +Name The Year: France, the U.S.S.R., Great Britain, and the U.S. signed away their control over a partitioned Germany. = 1990 +Name The Year: BC Aristotle dies of indigestion = 322 +Name The Year: Hans Lippershey offers the Dutch government a new invention -- the telescope. = 1608 +Name The Year: Darwin returns to England aboard the HMS Beagle. = 1836 +Name The Year: Ferdinand Foch, believed to be the leader responsible for Allies winning World War I = 1851 +Name The Year: Mahatma K. Ghandi (at Porbandar, Kathiawad, India), pacifist = 1869 +Name The Year: Italy annexes Rome and the Papal States; Rome made Italian capital. = 1870 +Name The Year: Groucho Marx, comedian = 1895 +Name The Year: Graham Greene, prolific English novelist (Brighton Rock) = 1904 +Name The Year: Robert Runcie, archbishop of Canterbury = 1921 +Name The Year: Spanky McFarland, actor, little rascal = 1928 +Name The Year: Yuri N. Glazkov, Soviet cosmonaut (Soyuz 24) = 1939 +Name The Year: Don McLean, singer, songwriter (American Pie, Vincent) = 1945 +Name The Year: First self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction demonstrated in one of the squash court under Stagg Field, University of Chicago. = 1942 +Name The Year: First "Peanuts" Comic Strip featuring Charlie Brown and Snoopy appears, in 9 newspapers = 1950 +Name The Year: Sting, musician (Police), actor (Dune) = 1951 +Name The Year: "Alfred Hitchcock Presents" premiers. = 1955 +Name The Year: First atomic power clock exhibited -- New York City. = 1956 +Name The Year: Rod Serling's "Twilight Zone" premieres on CBS. = 1959 +Name The Year: Chubby Check (musician) born. = 1941 +Name The Year: John Lennon's "Imagine" documentary premieres. = 1988 +Name The Year: Louis X (the Stubborn), king of France (1314-16) = 1289 +Name The Year: Richard Cromwell, lord protector of England (1658-59) = 1626 +Name The Year: Mexico becomes a republic. = 1824 +Name The Year: Battle of Corinth ends. = 1862 +Name The Year: The 'Orient Express' begins its first run, linking Turkey to Europe by rail. = 1883 +Name The Year: Charlton Heston, actor (Ten Commandments, Ben Hur, Planet of the Apes) = 1923 +Name The Year: The comic strip "Dick Tracy" debuts. = 1931 +Name The Year: Patty LaBelle, singer = 1944 +Name The Year: Susan Sarandon (in New York City), actor (Great Waldo Pepper) = 1946 +Name The Year: Armand Assante, actor (Q&A, Judge Dredd) = 1949 +Name The Year: "Leave It to Beaver" debuts on CBS. = 1957 +Name The Year: USSR launches Sputnik I, the first artificial earth satellite. = 1957 +Name The Year: USSR Luna 3 sent back first photos of Moon's far side. = 1959 +Name The Year: Lesotho (Basutoland) gains independence from Britain (National Day). = 1966 +Name The Year: Janis Joplin dies at age 27. = 1970 +Name The Year: 21st Space Shuttle Mission - Atlantis 1 is launched. = 1985 +Name The Year: Graham Chapman, member of the Monty Python team, dies from cancer. = 1989 +Name The Year: Gregorian calendar introduced in Italy, other Catholic countries. = 1582 +Name The Year: Louis Lumiere with brother Auguste made 1st motion picture in 1895, born. = 1864 +Name The Year: Last day of Julian calendar in Alaska. = 1867 +Name The Year: Ray Kroc Illinois, founder of MacDonalds/baseball team owner (San Diego Padres), born. = 1902 +Name The Year: Bulgaria declares independence from Turkey, Ferdinand I becomes Tsar. = 1908 +Name The Year: Portugal overthrows monarchy, proclaims republic. = 1910 +Name The Year: Present constitution of Liechtenstein comes into effect. = 1921 +Name The Year: Sir Bob Geldof pop musician (Boomtown Rats, Band Aid), born. = 1951 +Name The Year: Clive Barker, novelist (Hell Raiser) = 1952 +Name The Year: Michael Andretti Indy-car racer/Auto Hall of Fame (elected 1986), born. = 1962 +Name The Year: Lech Walesa wins the Nobel Peace Prize. = 1983 +Name The Year: Cincinnati jury acquits art gallery of obsentity (Mappelthorpe photos). = 1990 +Name The Year: Li Ta-chao cofounder with Mao Tse-tung of Chinese Communist Party, born. = 1888 +Name The Year: Thomas Edison shows his 1st motion picture. = 1889 +Name The Year: Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina. = 1908 +Name The Year: Thor Heyerdahl Norway, anthropologist/explorer (Kon Tiki, Aku-Aku), born. = 1914 +Name The Year: USSR adopts experimental calendar. = 1923 +Name The Year: Chiang Kai-Shek becomes president of China. = 1928 +Name The Year: Hitler announces he has no intention of war with Britain and France. = 1939 +Name The Year: Stephanie Zimbalist NYC, actress (Remington Steele, Centennial), born. = 1956 +Name The Year: Soviet Luna 3, 1st successful photographic spacecraft, impacts Moon. = 1959 +Name The Year: Yom Kippur War begins as Syria and Egypt attack Israel. = 1973 +Name The Year: John Hathaway completes a bicycle tour of every continent in the world and cycling 50,600 miles. = 1976 +Name The Year: Pres Ford says there is "no Soviet domination in Eastern Europe". = 1976 +Name The Year: Pope John Paul II is 1st Pope to visit the White House. = 1979 +Name The Year: Anwar Sadat assassinated. = 1981 +Name The Year: Bette Davis dies at 81. = 1989 +Name The Year: Elizabeth Taylor weds for the 8th time (Larry Fortensky). = 1991 +Name The Year: Turkish fleet defeated by Spanish and Italians in Battle of Lepanto. = 1571 +Name The Year: Edgar Allen Poe dies in Baltimore at 40. = 1849 +Name The Year: Niels Bohr, physicist, expanded quantum physics (Nobel 1922), born. = 1885 +Name The Year: Spain abolishes slavery in Cuba. = 1886 +Name The Year: Crete unites with Greece. = 1908 +Name The Year: Georgia Tech defeats Cumberland College 222-0 in gridiron (record). = 1915 +Name The Year: Al Martino, singer, born. = 1927 +Name The Year: First infra-red photograph, Rochester, NY. = 1931 +Name The Year: Desmond Tutu, Anglican Archbishop of South Africa (Nobel Peace Prize 1982), born. = 1931 +Name The Year: Oliver North, arms dealer, born. = 1943 +Name The Year: Dem. Rep of Germany (East) formed (National Day). = 1949 +Name The Year: U.S. forces invade Korea by crossing the 38th parallel. = 1950 +Name The Year: John Cougar Mellencamp, singer, born. = 1951 +Name The Year: Yo-Yo Ma, cellist, born. = 1955 +Name The Year: "Route 66" premiers. = 1960 +Name The Year: Motion Picture Association of America adopts film rating system. = 1968 +Name The Year: 21st Space Shuttle Mission - Atlantis 1 returns to Earth. = 1985 +Name The Year: The supernova called "Kepler's nova" is first sighted. = 1604 +Name The Year: J. Frank Duryea, with his brother, invented first auto built and operated in the US. = 1869 +Name The Year: Ejnar Hertzsprung, Danish astronomer (Hertzsprung-Russell diagram), born. = 1873 +Name The Year: Eddie Rickenbacker, aviator, born. = 1890 +Name The Year: Juan Peron, president of Argentina (1946-55, 1973-74), born. = 1895 +Name The Year: Rouben Mamoulian, movie director, born. = 1897 +Name The Year: Karl Nessler demonstrates the first 'permanent wave' for hair, in London. = 1906 +Name The Year: Sgt. Alvin York single-handedly kills 25, captures 132 Germans. = 1918 +Name The Year: Frank Herbert, sci-fi writer (Dune), born. = 1920 +Name The Year: Ozzie and Harriet Nelson married. = 1935 +Name The Year: David Carradine, actor (Kung fu, Death Race 2000), born. = 1940 +Name The Year: Chevy Chase, comedian, actor (SNL, Vacation, Fletch, Caddyshack), born. = 1943 +Name The Year: "Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet" debut on CBS radio. = 1944 +Name The Year: President Truman announced atomic bomb secret shared with Britain and Canada. = 1945 +Name The Year: Sigourney Weaver (in Los Angeles), actor (Aliens, GhostBusters), born. = 1949 +Name The Year: Johnny Ramone, rock guitarist, born. = 1951 +Name The Year: N. Korea reports 100% election turnout, 100% vote for Workers' Party. = 1962 +Name The Year: Soviet author Alexander I. Solzhenitsyn awarded Nobel Prize for Lit. = 1970 +Name The Year: Kenneth Warby sets world speed record on water (514 kph). = 1978 +Name The Year: Pres. Reagan greeted predecessors Jimmy Carter, Gerald R. Ford and Richard Nixon before their trip to Egypt for Anwar Sadat's funeral. = 1981 +Name The Year: OJ Simpson acquitted for double murder of his Ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman. = 1995 +Name The Year: Husain ibn 'Ali, Shi'i religious leader, enters martyrdom. = 680 +Name The Year: Leif Ericson discovers "Vinland" (possibly America). = 1000 +Name The Year: Korean Hangual alphabet devised. = 1446 +Name The Year: Miguel de Cervantes, novelist (Don Quixote), born. = 1547 +Name The Year: Charles X, king of France (1824-30); deposed, born. = 1757 +Name The Year: Jacques Tati, director (Traffic, Playtime, My Uncle), born. = 1908 +Name The Year: John Lennon, rocker/Beatle, born. = 1940 +Name The Year: John Entwistle, rocker (The Who), born. = 1944 +Name The Year: Peter Tosh, Jamaica, reggae musician, born. = 1944 +Name The Year: 1st electric blanket manufactured; sold for US$39.50. = 1946 +Name The Year: Scott Bakula, actor (Quantum Leap, The Invaders), born. = 1954 +Name The Year: Tanganyika becomes independent within the British Commonwealth. = 1961 +Name The Year: Volcano eruptions on Tristan de Cunha (South Atlantic). = 1961 +Name The Year: Uganda becomes a republic within the British Commonwealth. = 1963 +Name The Year: Che Guevara executed in Bolivia. = 1967 +Name The Year: Khmer Republic (Cambodia) declares independence. = 1970 +Name The Year: Elvis and Priscilla Presley divorce after 6 years. = 1973 +Name The Year: Saddam threatens to hit Israel with a new missile. = 1990 +Name The Year: Henry Cavendish, English physicist, chemist = 1731 +Name The Year: Giuseppe Verdi, composer of operas (Rigoletto, Aida, Otello), born. = 1813 +Name The Year: Emily Dickinson, poet, born. = 1830 +Name The Year: Neptune's moon Triton discovered by William Lassell. = 1846 +Name The Year: Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian Arctic explorer, humanitarian (Nobel 1922), born. = 1861 +Name The Year: Griswold Lorillard wears the first dinner jacket to the Autumn Ball in Tuxedo Park. Thus the name 'tuxedo.' = 1886 +Name The Year: Ivo Andric, Yugoslav novelist (Bridge on the Drina) (Nobel '61), born. = 1892 +Name The Year: Lin Yi-t'ang, Chinese writer (My Country and My People), born. = 1895 +Name The Year: China Revolutionaries under Sun Yat-sen overthrew Manchu dynasty. = 1911 +Name The Year: Pacific and Atlantic mix as engineers blow Gamboa Dam, opening the Panama Canal. = 1913 +Name The Year: James Clavell, author (Shogun, Tai Pan, King Rat, Noble House, Whirlwind), born. = 1924 +Name The Year: Harold Pinter, playwright, born. = 1930 +Name The Year: First synthetic detergent for home use marketed. = 1933 +Name The Year: George Gershwin's "Porgy and Bess" opened in New York City. = 1935 +Name The Year: Germany completed annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. = 1938 +Name The Year: Chiang Kai-shek took the oath of office as president of China. = 1943 +Name The Year: Ben Vereen, dancer, actor, singer, born. = 1946 +Name The Year: David Lee Roth, rocker, born. = 1955 +Name The Year: Treaty banning atmospheric nuclear tests signed by US, UK, USSR. = 1963 +Name The Year: 18th Summer Olympic Games opened in Tokyo. = 1964 +Name The Year: Fiji gains independence from Britain (National Day). = 1970 +Name The Year: Israel formally signs Sinai accord with Egypt. = 1975 +Name The Year: 4,500 people die when a pair of earthquakes struck NW Algeria. = 1980 +Name The Year: Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope network dedicated. = 1980 +Name The Year: Pope John Paul II proclaimed Rev. M Kolbe, who volunteered to die in place of another inmate at Auschwitz concentration camp, a saint. = 1982 +Name The Year: U.S. fighter jets force Egyptian plane carrying hijackers of Italian ship Achille Lauro to land in Italy, gunmen were placed in custody. = 1985 +Name The Year: Wilhelm Olbers, discoverer of asteroids Pallas and Vesta, born. = 1758 +Name The Year: The Juliana, the first steam-powered ferryboat, begins operation. = 1811 +Name The Year: Henry John Heinz, founded a prepared-foods company, born. = 1844 +Name The Year: Art Blakey, jazz drummer (Jazz Messengers), born. = 1919 +Name The Year: Pioneer 1 launched; first spacecraft launched by NASA. = 1958 +Name The Year: Pope John XXIII convenes 21st Roman Catholic ecumenical council, Vatican II, in Rome. = 1962 +Name The Year: "Saturday Night Live" premiers. = 1975 +Name The Year: Soyuz 25 returns to Earth. = 1977 +Name The Year: Cosmonauts Popov and Ryumin set space endurance record of 184 days. = 1980 +Name The Year: 200,000 gays march for civil rights in Washington. = 1987 +Name The Year: Edward VI king of England (1547-53), born. = 1537 +Name The Year: Pedro I 1st emperor of Brazil (1822-31), king of Portugal, born. = 1798 +Name The Year: Elmer A Sperry inventor (gyrocompass), born. = 1860 +Name The Year: Matsuo Basho greatest Japanese haiku poet, dies. = 1694 +Name The Year: Charles Macintosh of Scotland begins selling raincoats (Macs). = 1823 +Name The Year: Robert E Lee General of the Confederate Army, dies at 63. = 1870 +Name The Year: Luciano Pavarotti Moderna Italy, operatic tenor (Oh Giorgio), born. = 1935 +Name The Year: Launch of Voskhod 1, 1st 3 man crew (Komarov, Feokistov, Yegorov). = 1964 +Name The Year: 19th modern Olympic games opens in Mexico City. = 1968 +Name The Year: Equatorial Guinea gains independence from Spain (National Day). = 1968 +Name The Year: Hua Guo-feng succeeds Mao Tse-tung as chairman of Communist Party. = 1976 +Name The Year: Representatives of Israel and Egypt open talks in Washington. = 1978 +Name The Year: IRA bombs hotel where Margaret Thatcher is staying. = 1984 +Name The Year: Ed Sullivan TV host (Ed Sullivan Show), dies at 73. = 1974 +Name The Year: Washington lays cornerstone of the Executive Mansion (White House). = 1792 +Name The Year: Yves Montand, France, actor/singer (Z, Napoleon), born. = 1921 +Name The Year: Lenny Bruce comedian, arrested on obsenity charges, born. = 1925 +Name The Year: Margaret Thatcher, (Tory) British PM (1979-90), Iron Lady, born. = 1925 +Name The Year: Paul Simon, singer (Kodachrome, Graceland), born. = 1942 +Name The Year: Italy declares war on former ally Germany. = 1943 +Name The Year: US 1st army begins battle of Aachen. = 1944 +Name The Year: "Beatlemania" is coined after the Beatles appear at the Palladium. = 1963 +Name The Year: Soyuz 8 is launched. = 1969 +Name The Year: 1st military use of trained dolphins (US Navy in Persian Gulf). = 1987 +Name The Year: Battle of Hastings, in which William the Conqueror wins England. = 1066 +Name The Year: Trial of Mary, Queen of Scots, for conspiracy against Queen Elizabeth I, begins. = 1586 +Name The Year: James II, king of England (1685-88), born. = 1633 +Name The Year: George Grenville, British prime minister (1763-65), born. = 1712 +Name The Year: British arrest Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell for conspiracy. = 1843 +Name The Year: George Eastman patents paper-strip photographic film. = 1884 +Name The Year: e e cummings, poet, born. = 1894 +Name The Year: Lillian Gish, silent film and stage actor (Birth of a Nation), born. = 1896 +Name The Year: Theodore Roosevelt is shot in the chest in Milwaukee while campaigning for President with the Bull Moose Party. = 1912 +Name The Year: Roger Moore, actor, (The Saint, numerous James Bond movies), born. = 1926 +Name The Year: German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel commits suicide rather than face trial for his part in an attempt to overthrow Hitler. = 1944 +Name The Year: Chuck Yeager pilots the world's first supersonic flight (Mach 1.015 at 12,800 m) at Muroc, CA. = 1947 +Name The Year: 14 US Communist Party leaders convicted of sedition. = 1949 +Name The Year: Joe Engle in X-15 reaches 80 km. = 1965 +Name The Year: Soyuz 23 launched to Salyut 6, but return without docking. = 1976 +Name The Year: Bing Crosby dies in Madrid, Spain. = 1977 +Name The Year: First TV movie from a TV series - "Rescue from Gilligan's Island". = 1978 +Name The Year: C Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro) (Mantua, Italy), poet (Aeneid), born. = 70 B +Name The Year: King Henry VIII of England orders bowling lanes to be built at Whitehall, in London. = 1520 +Name The Year: Akbar, Indian Mughal emperor (1556-1605), born. = 1542 +Name The Year: Catholic countries switch to Gregorian calendar cut 10 prior days. = 1582 +Name The Year: Jean Pilftre de Rozier makes captive-balloon ascent. = 1783 +Name The Year: Jose Miguel Carrera, president of Chile (1811-14), born. = 1785 +Name The Year: Asaph Hall, astronomer, discovered the moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, born. = 1829 +Name The Year: Friedrich Nietzsche, philosopher, Ubermensch, born. = 1844 +Name The Year: John Kenneth Galbraith, economist, born. = 1908 +Name The Year: Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., historian, born. = 1917 +Name The Year: Mata Hari executed by firing squad outside of Paris. = 1917 +Name The Year: Mario Puzo, author (Godfather), born. = 1921 +Name The Year: LaGuardia Airport opened in New York City. = 1939 +Name The Year: Penny Marshall (in New York City), actor (Laverne and Shirley), born. = 1943 +Name The Year: Richard Carpenter, musician (Carpenters), born. = 1946 +Name The Year: Nazi Hermann Goering poisons himself in prison. = 1946 +Name The Year: "I Love Lucy" premiers. = 1951 +Name The Year: Princess Sarah 'Fergie' Ferguson, the Duchess of York, born. = 1959 +Name The Year: "The Untouchables" premiers. = 1959 +Name The Year: Kosygin and Brezhnev replace Soviet premier Nikita Krushchev. = 1964 +Name The Year: Albrecht von Haller, the father of experimental physiology = 1708 +Name The Year: Noah Webster, lexicographer = 1758 +Name The Year: Marie Antoinette beheaded in France. = 1793 +Name The Year: Dentist William T. Morton demonstrated the effectiveness of ether. = 1846 +Name The Year: Oscar (Fingal O'Flahertie Wills) Wilde (Dublin, Ireland), author (Picure of Dorian Gray), wit, dandy. = 1854 +Name The Year: Sir Austen Chamberlain, British foreign secretary (Nobel 1925) = 1863 +Name The Year: A hotel in Boston becomes the first to have indoor plumbing. = 1869 +Name The Year: Eugene O'Neill, playwright (Desire Under the Elms) (Nobel 1936) = 1888 +Name The Year: Enver Hoxha, post-war leader of Albania = 1908 +Name The Year: Margaret Sanger opens the first public birth control clinic (Brooklyn, NY). = 1916 +Name The Year: Disney Co. founded. = 1923 +Name The Year: Angela Lansbury, actor (Sweeney Todd; Murder, She Wrote) = 1925 +Name The Year: Gunter Grass, German novelist, poet (The Tin Drum) = 1927 +Name The Year: World Food Day. = 1945 +Name The Year: Ten Nazi leaders hanged as war criminals after Nuremberg trials. = 1946 +Name The Year: Cuban missile crisis began as JFK becomes aware of missiles in Cuba. = 1962 +Name The Year: China becomes world's 5th nuclear power. = 1964 +Name The Year: Anwar Sadat elected president of Egypt, succeeding Gamal Abdel Nasser. = 1970 +Name The Year: Kissinger and Le Duc Tho jointly awarded Nobel peace prize. = 1973 +Name The Year: Soyuz 23 returns to Earth. = 1976 +Name The Year: Polish Cardinal Karol Wojtyla elected supreme pontiff-Pope John Paul II. = 1978 +Name The Year: Israel's General Moshe Dayan dies at 66. = 1981 +Name The Year: Mt Palomar Observatory first to detect Halley's comet on 13th return. = 1982 +Name The Year: Shultz warns US will withdraw from UN if they vote to exclude Israel. = 1982 +Name The Year: Anglican Bishop Desmond Tutu named Nobel Peace Prize winner. = 1984 +Name The Year: Intel introduces 32-bit 80386 microcomputer chip. = 1985 +Name The Year: 18-month-old Jessica McClure is rescued 58 hours after she fell 22 feet into a well shaft in Midland, TX. = 1987 +Name The Year: 175-kph winds cause blackout in London, much of southern England. = 1987 +Name The Year: Jazz drummer Art Blakey dies. = 1990 +Name The Year: Columbus sights the isle of San Salvador. = 1492 +Name The Year: Marie Antoinette executed. = 1793 +Name The Year: Alexandrine-Pieternella-Fran‡oise Tinn, explored the White Nile, born. = 1835 +Name The Year: Gustav Kirchoff, discoverer of the laws of spectroscopy, dies. = 1887 +Name The Year: Arthur Miller, playwright (Death of a Salesman, The Crucible), born. = 1915 +Name The Year: Rita Hayworth (in New York), actor, alzheimer victim, born. = 1919 +Name The Year: Tom Poston, comedian, actor (Newhart), born. = 1921 +Name The Year: Al Capone convicted of tax evasion, sentenced to 11 years in prison. = 1931 +Name The Year: Albert Einstein arrives in the US, a refugee from Nazi Germany. = 1933 +Name The Year: William A. Anders, astronaut (Apollo 8), born. = 1933 +Name The Year: Robert 'Evel' Knievel, motorcycle daredevil, born. = 1938 +Name The Year: Juan Peron becomes dictator of Argentina. = 1945 +Name The Year: Margot Kidder (in Yellowknife), actor (Superman), born. = 1948 +Name The Year: George Wendt, actor (Cheers), born. = 1949 +Name The Year: Britain's Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip visit the White House. = 1957 +Name The Year: Pete Knight in X-15 reaches 85 km about Earth. = 1967 +Name The Year: Soyuz 7 returns to Earth. = 1969 +Name The Year: The Arab oil embargo begins. It will last until March, 1974. = 1973 +Name The Year: Mother Teresa of India was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. = 1979 +Name The Year: Danes defeat Saxons at Battle of Assandun (Ashingdon). = 1016 +Name The Year: Louis XIV revokes Edict of Nantes, outlaws Protestantism, hastens onset of French Revolution. = 1685 +Name The Year: Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, ends War of Austrian Succession. = 1748 +Name The Year: In a NY bar decorated with bird tail, customer orders "cock tail". = 1776 +Name The Year: US takes formal possession of Alaska from Russia ($7.2 million). = 1867 +Name The Year: Belgium annexes Congo Free State. = 1908 +Name The Year: Comte de Lambert of France sets airplane altitude record of 300 m. = 1909 +Name The Year: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) established. = 1922 +Name The Year: Chuck Berry, St Louis, USA, rocker (Roll over Beethoven), born. = 1926 +Name The Year: Thomas Alva Edison inventor, dies in West Orange, NJ, at 84. = 1931 +Name The Year: Lee Harvey Oswald, JFK's assassin, born. = 1939 +Name The Year: Soviet troops invade Czechoslovakia during WW II. = 1944 +Name The Year: Pam Dawber Detroit, actress (Mindy-Mork and Mindy), born. = 1951 +Name The Year: Martina Navratilova, Prague, Czech Republic, tennis champion (Wimbeldon 1989,79,82-87), born. = 1956 +Name The Year: Jean-Claude Van Damme, Belgium, actor (Kickboxer, No Retreat) = 1958 +Name The Year: Wynton Marsalis, New Orleans La, jazz trumpeter (Grammy 1983), born. = 1961 +Name The Year: I.O.C. votes Mexico City to host 1968 Olympics. = 1963 +Name The Year: Soviet Venera 4 becomes the 1st probe to send data back from Venus. = 1967 +Name The Year: Walt Disney's "Jungle Book" is released. = 1967 +Name The Year: Police find 219 grains of cannabis resin in John and Yoko's apartment. = 1968 +Name The Year: US Olympic Committee suspends Tommie Smith and John Carlos for giving "black power" salute as a protest during victory ceremony. = 1968 +Name The Year: Napoleon begins his retreat from Moscow. = 1812 +Name The Year: Wagner's opera Tannhauser performed for 1st time. = 1845 +Name The Year: Auguste Lumiere, made 1st movie (Workers Leaving Lumiere Factory), born. = 1862 +Name The Year: World's largest gold nugget (215 kg) found in New South Wales. = 1872 +Name The Year: Tripoli (Libya) passes from Turkish to Italian control. = 1912 +Name The Year: Divine (Harris Glenn Milstead) film actor, born. = 1945 +Name The Year: John Lithgow, actor (Harry and the Hendersons, 3rd Rock From The Sun), born. = 1945 +Name The Year: UN forces entered Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea. = 1950 +Name The Year: Pres Harry S Truman formally ends state of war with Germany. = 1951 +Name The Year: France grants Mauritania independence. = 1960 +Name The Year: Martin Luther King Jr arrested in Atlanta sit-in. = 1960 +Name The Year: The US imposes an embargo on exports to Cuba. = 1960 +Name The Year: Evander Hollyfield, 2-time Heavyweight boxing champ, born. = 1962 +Name The Year: Beatles record "I Want to Hold Your Hand". = 1963 +Name The Year: Mariner 5 makes fly-by of Venus. = 1967 +Name The Year: US warships destroy 2 Iranian oil platforms in Persian Gulf. = 1987 +Name The Year: Britain bans broadcast interviews with IRA members. = 1988 +Name The Year: Battle of Sekigahara sets Tokugawa clan as Japan's rulers (shoguns). = 1600 +Name The Year: Sir Christopher Wren, England, astronomer/great architect, born. = 1632 +Name The Year: Maria Theresa became ruler of Austria, Hungary and Bohemia. = 1740 +Name The Year: German Kingdom of Westphalia abolished. = 1813 +Name The Year: Arthur Rimbaud, France, poet/adventurer (Illuminations), born. = 1854 +Name The Year: Margaret Dumont, actress-Marx Brothers' foil, born. = 1889 +Name The Year: Mickey Mantle, NY Yankee home run slugger, born. = 1931 +Name The Year: William Christopher, actor (Father Mulcahy-M = A = S = H), born. = 1932 +Name The Year: Martin Landau, actor (Mission Impossible, Space 1999, Tucker), born. = 1934 +Name The Year: Revolution by workers and students in Guatemala. = 1944 +Name The Year: Tom Petty, Florida, USA, singer, born. = 1953 +Name The Year: South Africa begins trial of Nelson Mandela and 8 others on conspiracy. = 1963 +Name The Year: Herbert Hoover 31st president of US, dies in NY at 90. = 1964 +Name The Year: Jacqueline Kennedy marries Aristotle Onassis. = 1968 +Name The Year: Harlow Shapley discoverer of the Sun's position in the galaxy, dies. = 1972 +Name The Year: Britain ends suspects right to remain silent in crackdown on IRA. = 1988 +Name The Year: 3 members of 2 Live Crew acquitted on obsenity charges in Florida. = 1990 +Name The Year: Antiwar protest marches begin in 20 US cities (US-Iraq). = 1990 +Name The Year: Samuel Taylor Coleridge (in England), poet, born. = 1772 +Name The Year: U.S. Navy frigate USS Constitution, Old Ironsides, launched in Boston. = 1797 +Name The Year: Alfred Bernhard Nobel (in Stockholm, Sweden), created dynamite and Peace Prizes, born. = 1833 +Name The Year: Severe earthquake at 7:53 a.m., centered in Hayward, Calif. = 1868 +Name The Year: Thomas Edison commercially perfects the light bulb. = 1879 +Name The Year: Sir Georg Solti, conductor, born. = 1912 +Name The Year: Martin Gardner, Scientific American math and puzzles columnist, born. = 1914 +Name The Year: Dizzy Gillespie, trumpeter, a creator of modern jazz, born. = 1917 +Name The Year: Margaret Owen sets world typing speed record of 170 wpm for 1 min. = 1918 +Name The Year: Deutsches Museum, Munich, first Walther Bauersfeld's Zeiss Planetarium. = 1923 +Name The Year: Manfred Mann, musician, born. = 1940 +Name The Year: US troops captured Aachen, first large German city to fall (WW II). = 1944 +Name The Year: Women in France allowed to vote for the first time. = 1945 +Name The Year: Facsimile high-speed radio transmission demonstrated, Washington DC. = 1948 +Name The Year: Carrie Fisher (in Beverly Hills), actor (Star Wars, Blues Brothers), born. = 1956 +Name The Year: Guggenheim Museum, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, opens in New York. = 1959 +Name The Year: JFK and Nixon clashed in 4th and final pres debate. = 1960 +Name The Year: Ejnar Hertzsprung, Danish astrophysicist dies at 94. = 1967 +Name The Year: Thousands opposing Vietnam War tried to storm the Pentagon. = 1967 +Name The Year: Venera 9, first craft to orbit the planet Venus launched. = 1975 +Name The Year: US recalls William Bowdler, ambassador to South Africa. = 1977 +Name The Year: Steve Jones runs Chicago Marathon in world record 2 h 8 m 5 s. = 1984 +Name The Year: B.C. Universe created at 8:00 PM, according to the 1650 pronouncement of Anglican archbishop James Usher. = 4004 +Name The Year: Andre-Jacques Garnerin makes the first parachute jump from a balloon (Paris, France). = 1797 +Name The Year: Franz Liszt (in Hungary), Romantic composer, virtuoso pianist, born. = 1811 +Name The Year: John Reed, journalist who reported on Mexican, Russian revolutions, born. = 1887 +Name The Year: Timothy Leary, psychologist, drug testing advocate, born. = 1920 +Name The Year: Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd shot dead by FBI in Ohio. = 1934 +Name The Year: Christopher Lloyd, actor (Taxi, Star Trek III, Back to the Future, Addams Family), born. = 1938 +Name The Year: Annette Funichello (in Utica, NY), mouseketeer, actor, born. = 1942 +Name The Year: Catherine Deneuve (in Paris, France), (Repulsion), born. = 1943 +Name The Year: Jeff Goldblum, actor (The Fly, Silverado, Buckaroo Bonzai, ID4), born. = 1952 +Name The Year: Laos gains full independence from France. = 1953 +Name The Year: West Germany joins North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). = 1954 +Name The Year: JFK imposes naval blockade on Cuba, beginning missile crisis. = 1962 +Name The Year: Apollo 7 returns to Earth. = 1968 +Name The Year: Security Council Resol 338 - a cease fire to the Yom Kippur War. = 1973 +Name The Year: Soviet spacecraft Venera 9 lands on Venus. = 1975 +Name The Year: Deposed Shah of Iran arrived in NY for medical treatment. = 1979 +Name The Year: Walt Disney World's 100-millionth guest. = 1979 +Name The Year: Nicolas Appert, inventor of food canning, bouillon tablet, born. = 1752 +Name The Year: Slaves revolt in Haiti (later suppressed). = 1790 +Name The Year: Robert Bridges, poet laureate of England (The Testament of Beauty), born. = 1844 +Name The Year: Felix Bloch, U.S. physicist (Nobel 1952), born. = 1905 +Name The Year: Karl Jansky, discoverer of cosmic radio emissions in 1932, born. = 1905 +Name The Year: 25,000 women marched in NYC, demanding the right to vote. = 1915 +Name The Year: Johnny Carson, pundit (Tonight Show), born. = 1925 +Name The Year: Edison Pele, soccer player extraordinaire, born. = 1940 +Name The Year: Walt Disney's "Dumbo" is released. = 1941 +Name The Year: Michael Crichton, author (Andromeda Strain, Jurrasic Park, Rising Sun), born. = 1942 +Name The Year: During WW II, Britain launches major offensive at El Alamein, Egypt. = 1942 +Name The Year: United Nations General Assembly convenes in New York for first time in Flushing Meadow. = 1946 +Name The Year: First video recording on magnetic tape televised coast-to-coast. = 1956 +Name The Year: The ill-fated revolt in Communist Hungary starts -- The Prague Spring. It was later crushed by Soviet tanks. = 1956 +Name The Year: Soviet novelist Boris Pasternak, wins Nobel Prize for Literature. = 1958 +Name The Year: President Nixon agrees to turn over White House tape recordings. = 1973 +Name The Year: By 2/3 majority, Panamanians vote to approve the new Canal treaties. = 1977 +Name The Year: Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin resigns, due to illness. = 1980 +Name The Year: 241 US Marines and sailors die in a terrorist suicide attack on their barracks in Beriut. = 1983 +Name The Year: 33 years after Soviet tanks crushed the Prague Spring, Hungary declares itself a republic. = 1989 +Name The Year: Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII, dies. = 1537 +Name The Year: Third partition of Poland, between Austria, Prussia and Russia. = 1795 +Name The Year: The match is patented. = 1836 +Name The Year: William Lassell discovers Ariel and Umbriel, satellites of Unranus. = 1851 +Name The Year: First transcontinental telegram sent. = 1861 +Name The Year: Anna Taylor, first to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel and live. = 1901 +Name The Year: Moss Hart, playwright, born. = 1904 +Name The Year: "Black Thursday", the beginning of the stock market crash. = 1929 +Name The Year: F. Murray Abraham, actor (Amadeus, Name of the Rose), born. = 1940 +Name The Year: United Nations Charter goes into effect. = 1945 +Name The Year: Kevin Kline, actor, born. = 1947 +Name The Year: Disaster on USSR launch pad killed missle expert Nedelin and team (unconfirmed); USSR claims he was killed in plane crash. = 1960 +Name The Year: Zambia (N. Rhodesia) gains independence from Britain (National Day). = 1964 +Name The Year: Salvador Allende Gossens elected president of Chile. = 1970 +Name The Year: Yom Kippur War ends - Israel 65 miles from Cairo, 26 from Damascus. = 1973 +Name The Year: The first Jewish film and TV festival. = 1976 +Name The Year: Author Geoffrey Chaucer dies in London. = 1400 +Name The Year: Battle of Agincourt, Welsh longbow defeats the armored knight. = 1415 +Name The Year: Giovanni Cassini discovers Iapetus, satellite of Saturn. = 1671 +Name The Year: George III ascends the British throne. = 1760 +Name The Year: Johann Strauss the Younger, composer, Waltz King = 1825 +Name The Year: Georges Bizet, composer = 1838 +Name The Year: Henry Norris Russell, astronomer (Hertzsprung-Russell diagram) = 1877 +Name The Year: Pablo Picasso, doodler (Guernica) (or 10-05) = 1881 +Name The Year: Eduardo Barrios, Chilean novelist (The Love-Crazed Boy) = 1884 +Name The Year: Richard E. Byrd, polar explorer = 1888 +Name The Year: Marion Ross (in Minnesota), actor (Played Mrs. Cunningham in Happy Days) = 1928 +Name The Year: Russell L. (Rusty) Schweickart, astronaut (Apollo 9) = 1935 +Name The Year: Nylon stockings go on sale in the U.S. for the first time. = 1939 +Name The Year: Helen Reddy (in Melbourne, Australia), singer (I am Woman) = 1941 +Name The Year: First electronic wrist watch placed on sale, NY city. = 1960 +Name The Year: UN General Assembly admits Mainland China and expels Taiwan. = 1971 +Name The Year: USSR Venera 10 made day Venus landing. = 1975 +Name The Year: US invades Grenada, a country with 1/2000 its population. = 1983 +Name The Year: King Alfred the Great, dies. = 901 +Name The Year: Worldwide Red Cross organized in Geneva. = 1863 +Name The Year: Football Association forms in England, standardizing soccer. = 1863 +Name The Year: Leon Trotsky, Russian revolutionary (pres of 1st Soviet), born. = 1879 +Name The Year: Prince Ito of Japan is assassinated by a Korean. = 1909 +Name The Year: Felix the Cat, cartoon character, born. = 1917 +Name The Year: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Aryamehr, Shah of Iran (1941-79), born. = 1919 +Name The Year: Bob Hoskins, Suffolk, England, actor (Brazil, Who Framed Roger Rabbit?), born. = 1942 +Name The Year: Jaclyn Smith, actress (Charlie's Angel, Nightkill), born. = 1947 +Name The Year: Ngo Dinh Diem proclaims Vietnam a republic with himself as president. = 1955 +Name The Year: USSR fires defense minister, Marshal Georgi Zhukov (Zhukov lead USSR into Berlin during WW2). = 1957 +Name The Year: Cary Elwes, actor (Glory, Princess Bride, Robin Hood - Men In Tights), born. = 1962 +Name The Year: Shah of Iran crowns himself after 26 years on Peacock Throne. = 1967 +Name The Year: Guided tours of Alcatraz (by Park Service) begin. = 1972 +Name The Year: Anwar Sadat became 1st Egyptian president to officially visit the US. = 1975 +Name The Year: Transkei gains independence, not recognized outside of South Africa. = 1976 +Name The Year: Trinidad and Tobago becomes a republic. = 1976 +Name The Year: Park Chung-hee South Korean President is assassinated. = 1979 +Name The Year: Head of El Salvadoran Human Rights Comm assassinated by death squads. = 1987 +Name The Year: US-Soviet effort free 2 grey whales from frozen Arctic. = 1988 +Name The Year: James Cook, captain/explorer, discovered Sandwich Islands and led First Fleet to Australia, born. = 1728 +Name The Year: Niccolo Paganini, Genoa, Italy, composer/violin virtuoso (Princess Lucca), born. = 1782 +Name The Year: Theodore Roosevelt 26th President of US (1901-09) (Nobel 1906), born. = 1858 +Name The Year: Emily Post authority on social behavior, writer (Etiquette), born. = 1872 +Name The Year: Dylan Thomas, Swansea, Wales, poet (Child's Christmas in Wales), born. = 1914 +Name The Year: Roy Lichtenstein, Pop art painter; painted comic book panels, born. = 1923 +Name The Year: The Uzbek SSR forms. = 1924 +Name The Year: DuPont announces its new synthetic fiber will be called "nylon". = 1938 +Name The Year: John Cleese comedian/actor (Monty Python, Fawlty Towers), born. = 1939 +Name The Year: "You Bet Your Life", with Groucho Marx, premieres on American ABC radio. = 1947 +Name The Year: Simon Le Bon, rocker (Duran Duran), born. = 1958 +Name The Year: Outer Mongolia and Mauritania become the 102nd and 103rd members of UN. = 1961 +Name The Year: St Vincent and the Grenadines gains associated status with Britain. = 1969 +Name The Year: Republic of the Congo becomes Republic of Zaire. = 1971 +Name The Year: St Vincent and the Grenadines becomes independent of UK (Nat'l Day). = 1979 +Name The Year: Voluntary Euthanasia Society publishes how-to-do-it suicide guide. = 1979 +Name The Year: China announces its population at 1 billion people plus. = 1982 +Name The Year: South Korean voters overwhelmingly approved a new constitution. = 1987 +Name The Year: Larry Flynt paid hitman $1M to kill Hefner, Guccione and Sinatra. = 1988 +Name The Year: Henry III, Holy Roman emperor (1046-56) = 1017 +Name The Year: Columbus arrives in Cuba. = 1492 +Name The Year: Cornelius Otto Jansen of France, Roman Catholic reform leader = 1585 +Name The Year: Harvard College, first US college founded. = 1636 +Name The Year: Eli Whitney applies for patent for the cotton gin. = 1793 +Name The Year: Cornelius Otto Jansen of France, Roman Catholic reform leader = 1585 +Name The Year: St. Louis Police try a new investigation method - fingerprints. = 1904 +Name The Year: Dr. Jonas Salk, who made polio a fear of the past = 1914 +Name The Year: Czechoslovakia declares independence from Austria. = 1918 +Name The Year: Walther Bauersfeld, invented first modern projection planetarium = 1919 +Name The Year: Volstead Act passed by U.S. Congress, starting Prohibition. = 1919 +Name The Year: Benito Mussolini takes control of Italy's government. = 1922 +Name The Year: First child born in aircraft, Miami, Fl. = 1929 +Name The Year: Gennadi M. Strekalov, Soviet cosmonaut (Soyuz T-3, T-8, T-11) = 1940 +Name The Year: German rocket engineers begin work in USSR. = 1946 +Name The Year: The flag of Israel is adopted. = 1948 +Name The Year: Pope Paul VI proclaims Jews not collectively guilty for crucifixion. = 1965 +Name The Year: US/USSR signed an agreement to discuss joint space efforts. = 1970 +Name The Year: England becomes 6th nation to have a satellite (Prospero) in orbit. = 1971 +Name The Year: BC Babylon falls to Cyrus the Great of Persia. = 539 +Name The Year: Sir Walter Raleigh is executed in London. = 1618 +Name The Year: Edmund Halley (in London), sky watcher, namesake of Halley's Comet, born. = 1656 +Name The Year: Pennsylvania granted to William Penn by King Charles II. = 1682 +Name The Year: Severe earthquake in New England. = 1727 +Name The Year: James Boswell (in Scotland), Samuel Johnson's biographer, born. = 1740 +Name The Year: International Committee of the Red Cross is founded (Nobel 1917, 1944, 1963). = 1863 +Name The Year: Guillermo Valencia, Colombian poet, translator, statesman, born. = 1873 +Name The Year: Marie, queen consort of Ferdinand I of Rumania, born. = 1875 +Name The Year: Bela Lugosi, horror actor (Dracula, Body Snatcher), born. = 1884 +Name The Year: Paul Joseph Goebbels, Nazi propagandist, born. = 1897 +Name The Year: Turkey is proclaimed to have a republican government. = 1923 +Name The Year: "Black Tuesday", the Stock Market crash. = 1929 +Name The Year: Golden Gate International Exposition closes (first closure). = 1939 +Name The Year: Israeli paratroopers drop into the Sinai to open Straits of Tiran. = 1956 +Name The Year: Richard Dreyfuss, actor (Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind), born. = 1947 +Name The Year: Kate Jackson (in Alabama), actor (Charley's Angels, Making Love), born. = 1948 +Name The Year: Star of India and other jewels are stolen in NY. = 1964 +Name The Year: 8th and last crusade is launched. = 1270 +Name The Year: Richard Brinsley Sheridan, playwright (Rivals, School for Scandal) = 1632 +Name The Year: US Navy is created. = 1775 +Name The Year: Francisco Madero, Mexican revolutionary, president (1911-13) = 1873 +Name The Year: Ezra Pound (in Hailey, Idaho) = 1885 +Name The Year: Ruth Gordon (in Mass.), actor (Rosemary's Baby, Harold and Maude) = 1896 +Name The Year: Tsar Nicholas II grants Russia a constitution. = 1905 +Name The Year: Fyodor Dostoevsky, author = 1918 +Name The Year: Mussolini forms cabinet in Italy. = 1922 +Name The Year: Orson Welles panics a nation with his broadcast of H. G. Wells' "War of the Worlds". = 1938 +Name The Year: Grace Slick (in Chicago, IL), singer (Jefferson Airplane/Starship) = 1939 +Name The Year: Talia Shire, actor (Rocky (as Adrian)) = 1943 +Name The Year: Henry Winkler, actor (Happy Days as the Fonz) = 1945 +Name The Year: Dr. Albert Schweitzer received Nobel Peace Prize for 1952. = 1953 +Name The Year: Soviet Party Congress unanimously approves a resolution removing Josef Stalin's body from Lenin's tomb in Red Square. = 1961 +Name The Year: USSR Kosmos 186 and 188 make first automatic docking. Also, Venera 13 is launched. = 1967 +Name The Year: Muhammad Ali KOs George Foreman in 8th round in Kinshasa, Zaire. = 1974 +Name The Year: 22nd Space Shuttle Mission, Challenger 9, is launched carrying eight crewmen (2 Germans, 1 Dutch). = 1985 +Name The Year: Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses, begins Protestant Reformation. = 1517 +Name The Year: Jan Vermeer (in Holland), painter (Procuress, The Astronomer) = 1632 +Name The Year: John Keats, Romantic poet = 1795 +Name The Year: Sir Humphrey Davy of London patents the miner's safety lamp. = 1815 +Name The Year: William Parson, third Earl of Rosse and maker of large telescopes dies. = 1865 +Name The Year: Benito Mussolini (Il Duce) becomes premier of Italy. = 1922 +Name The Year: Erich Weiss, better known as Magician Harry Houdini, dies. = 1926 +Name The Year: Michael Collins, astronaut (Gemini 10, Apollo 11) = 1930 +Name The Year: Michael Landon, actor = 1936 +Name The Year: Jane Pauley (in Indianapolis, IN), newcaster for CNN = 1950 +Name The Year: John Candy, actor (Second City TV, Splash, Blues Brothers) = 1950 +Name The Year: First thermonuclear bomb detonated - Marshall Islands. = 1952 +Name The Year: Lee Harvey Oswald announces in Moscow he will never return to U.S. = 1959 +Name The Year: U.S. President Johnson orders a halt to all bombing of North Vietnam. = 1968 +Name The Year: Adrian IV only English pope (1154-59), dies (birth date unknown). = 1159 +Name The Year: Jacques Cartier French explorer, dies (birth date unknown). = 1557 +Name The Year: Great London Fire begins in Pudding Lane. 80% of London is destroyed. = 1666 +Name The Year: Louis XIV the great, king of France (1643-1715), dies at 76. = 1715 +Name The Year: RC Carrington and R Hodgson make 1st observation of solar flare. = 1859 +Name The Year: Napoleon III captured at Sedan. = 1870 +Name The Year: Sydney General Post Office opens. = 1874 +Name The Year: Edgar Rice Burroughs, novelist (Tarzan, John Carter Of Mars Saga), born. = 1875 +Name The Year: St Petersburg, Russia changes name to Petrograd. = 1914 +Name The Year: Yvonne De Carlo, Vancouver BC, actress (Lily Munster in the Munsters), born. = 1922 +Name The Year: Rocky Marciano, heavyweight champion boxer (1952-56), born. = 1923 +Name The Year: Albania becomes a kingdom, with Zogu I as king. = 1928 +Name The Year: Physical Review publishes 1st paper to deal with black holes. = 1939 +Name The Year: WW II starts, Germany invades Poland, takes Danzig. = 1939 +Name The Year: Japan surrenders ending WW II (US date, 9/2 in Japan). = 1945 +Name The Year: UN's World Health Organization forms. = 1948 +Name The Year: US, Australia and New Zealand sign ANZUS treaty. = 1951 +Name The Year: Gloria Estefan, Cuba, singer, born. = 1957 +Name The Year: 10,000 die in an earthquake in western Iran. = 1962 +Name The Year: UN announces Earth population has hit 3 billion. = 1962 +Name The Year: Libyan revolution, Col Moammar Gadhafi deposes King Idris. = 1969 +Name The Year: Qatar declares independence from Britain. = 1971 +Name The Year: Pioneer 11 makes 1st fly-by of Saturn, discovers new moon, rings. = 1979 +Name The Year: Palestinian Liberation Organization leaves Lebanon. = 1982 +Name The Year: Korean Boeing 747 strays into Siberia and is shot down by a Soviet jet. = 1983 +Name The Year: BC Phidippides runs first marathon, to announce the victory of Sparta over Persia. = 490 +Name The Year: C Battle of Actium; Octavian defeats Mark Antony and becomes Emperor Augustus. = 31 B +Name The Year: The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth with 102 Pilgrims. = 1620 +Name The Year: Great Fire of London starts; destroys St. Paul's Church. = 1666 +Name The Year: Last day of Julian calendar in Britain, British colonies. = 1752 +Name The Year: K. L. Harding discovers Juno, third known asteroid. = 1804 +Name The Year: Queen Liliuokalani, last queen of Hawaii (1891-93) = 1838 +Name The Year: Wilhelm Ostwald, German physical chemist (Nobel 1909) = 1853 +Name The Year: Lord Kitchener retakes Sudan for Britain. = 1898 +Name The Year: First transatlantic round-trip air flight. = 1936 +Name The Year: Vietnam declares independence from France (National Day). = 1945 +Name The Year: V-J Day; formal surrender of Japan aboard USS Missouri. = 1945 +Name The Year: Jimmy Connors, tennis player = 1952 +Name The Year: St Gregory I begins his reign as Catholic Pope. = 590 +Name The Year: England's King Richard I (the Lion-Hearted) crowned in Westminster. = 1189 +Name The Year: Nicolo Amati, Italy, violin maker (Stradivari and Guarneri), born. = 1596 +Name The Year: James I king of England (1603-25), dies at 92. = 1658 +Name The Year: Lord Oliver Cromwell British king (1653-58), dies at 59. = 1658 +Name The Year: Charles X, Versailles, France, Duke of Prussia, born. = 1757 +Name The Year: British annex Natal (South Africa). = 1900 +Name The Year: Cardinal Giacome della Chiesa becomes Pope Benedict XV. = 1914 +Name The Year: Allies turned back Germans in WW I's Battle of Verdun. = 1916 +Name The Year: Britain declares war on Germany. France follows 6 hours later quickly joined by Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Canada. = 1939 +Name The Year: Pauline Collins, London England, actress (Shirley Valentine), born. = 1940 +Name The Year: US gives Britain 50 destroyers in exchange for Newfoundland base lease. = 1940 +Name The Year: Allies invade Italy. = 1943 +Name The Year: Japanese forces in the Philippines surrender to Allies. = 1945 +Name The Year: Pope Pius X canonized a saint. = 1954 +Name The Year: e. e. cummings poet, dies at 67. = 1962 +Name The Year: Charlie Sheen, actor (Wall St, Platoon), born. = 1965 +Name The Year: Ho Chi Minh North Vietnamese president, dies. = 1969 +Name The Year: Qatar regains complete independence from Britain. = 1971 +Name The Year: Viking 2 soft lands on Mars (Utopia), returns photos. = 1976 +Name The Year: Crew of Soyuz 31 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 29. = 1978 +Name The Year: Frank Capra director (It's a Wonderful Life), dies at 94. = 1991 +Name The Year: Romulus Augustulus, last Roman emperor in west, is deposed. = 476 +Name The Year: Navigator Henry Hudson discovered the island of Manhattan. = 1609 +Name The Year: Francois Ren, de Chateaubriand, French poet, novelist, statesman = 1768 +Name The Year: Los Angeles founded in the Valley of Smokes (Indian Name). = 1781 +Name The Year: Marcus Whitman, missionary = 1802 +Name The Year: Anton Bruckner (in Austria), Wagner disciple = 1824 +Name The Year: The first newsboy in the US hired (Barney Flaherty), by the NY Sun. = 1833 +Name The Year: Daniel Burnham, American architect, built skyscrapers = 1846 +Name The Year: French republic proclaimed. = 1870 +Name The Year: Darius Milhaud, composer = 1872 +Name The Year: Geronimo, Apache indian, finally surrenders ending last major US-Indian war. = 1886 +Name The Year: George Eastman patents first rollfilm camera and registers Kodak. = 1888 +Name The Year: Paul Osborn, playwright = 1901 +Name The Year: Richard Wright, American author (Native Son, Uncle Tom's Children) = 1908 +Name The Year: Garros sets world altitude record of 4,250 m (13,944 ft). = 1911 +Name The Year: Henry Ford II, businessman = 1917 +Name The Year: Last day of Julian civil calendar (in parts of Bulgaria). = 1920 +Name The Year: Tom Watson, Golfer = 1949 +Name The Year: Ford Motor Co. introduced the Edsel! (Oh boy !) = 1957 +Name The Year: NASA launches its first Orbital Geophysical Observatory (OGO-1) = 1964 +Name The Year: George Harrison releases "My Sweet Lord" single. = 1970 +Name The Year: American swimmer Mark Spitz becomes the first athlete to win seven olympic gold medals. = 1972 +Name The Year: Iraqi troops seized Iranian territory in a border dispute. = 1980 +Name The Year: Louis VIII [Coeur-de-Lion] king of France (1223-26), born. = 1187 +Name The Year: Louis XIV the great, king of France (1643-1715), born. = 1638 +Name The Year: Jesse James Missouri, outlaw, born. = 1847 +Name The Year: Sam Houston elected president of the Republic of Texas. = 1836 +Name The Year: France proclaims a protectorate over Chad. = 1900 +Name The Year: Raquel Welch Chic (Myra Breckenridge, 1,000,000 BC, 100 Rifles), born. = 1940 +Name The Year: Freddie Mercury, singer, born. = 1946 +Name The Year: 1st color video recording on magnetic tape presented, Charlotte North Carolina, USA. = 1958 +Name The Year: Cassius Clay captures the olympic light heavyweight gold medal. = 1960 +Name The Year: 11 Israeli athletes are slain at Munich Olympics. = 1972 +Name The Year: Iraqi Pres Saddam Hussein urges Arabs to rise against the West. = 1990 +Name The Year: US trial of former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega begins. = 1991 +Name The Year: Pilgrims set sail from Plymouth England to the New World. = 1620 +Name The Year: James II king of England (1685-88), dies at 68. = 1701 +Name The Year: Pres William McKinley assassinated by Leon Czologosz in Buffalo, New York. = 1901 +Name The Year: Roger Waters, singer (Pink Floyd), born. = 1947 +Name The Year: Juliana becomes queen of the Netherlands. = 1948 +Name The Year: Michael Winslow, actor/comedian (Police Academy), born. = 1960 +Name The Year: "Star Trek" premiers on NBC TV. = 1966 +Name The Year: Dr Verwoerd South African PM, assassinated in assembly. = 1966 +Name The Year: Swaziland gains independence from Britain (National Day). = 1968 +Name The Year: USSR recognizes independence of the 3 Baltic republics (Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia). = 1991 +Name The Year: Queen Elizabeth I England, (1558-1603) daughter of Henry VIII, born. = 1533 +Name The Year: Treaty of Baden-French retain Alsace, Austria gets right bank of Rhine. = 1714 +Name The Year: Francois-Andre Philidor, France, chess champion/musician, born. = 1726 +Name The Year: Brazil declares independence from Portugal (National Day). = 1822 +Name The Year: Geo Ligowsky patents device to throw clay pigeons for trapshooters. = 1880 +Name The Year: Anthony Quayle England, actor (Anne of 1000 Days, Lawrence of Arabia), born. = 1913 +Name The Year: James Van Allen, discovered Van Allen radiation belts, born. = 1914 +Name The Year: Buddy Holly singer (Peggy Sue, That'll Be the Day), born. = 1936 +Name The Year: Gloria Gaynor Newark NJ, disco singer (I Will Survive), born. = 1949 +Name The Year: Chrissie Hynde, rocker (Pretenders), born. = 1950 +Name The Year: Corbin Bernsen North Hollywood Calif, actor (Arnie Becker-LA Law), born. = 1954 +Name The Year: Desmond Tutu installed to lead south African Anglican Church. = 1986 +Name The Year: Monica Seles wins the US Open. = 1991 +Name The Year: Clement III 1st antipope (1084-1100), dies (birth date unknown). = 1100 +Name The Year: Richard I [Richard the Lion Hearted], King of England (1189-99), born. = 1157 +Name The Year: Spanish navigator Juan de Elcano returns to Spain, completes 1st circumnavigation of globe, expedition begins under Ferdinand Magellan. = 1522 +Name The Year: City of Lichfield, England established. = 1553 +Name The Year: 1st permanent settlement in US forms (St Augustine, Florida). = 1565 +Name The Year: Turkish siege of Malta broken by Maltese and Knights of St John. = 1565 +Name The Year: Antonin Dvorak, Nelahozeves, Czechoslovakia, composer (New World Symphony), born. = 1841 +Name The Year: Peter Sellers England, actor (Pink Panther, Being There, Goon Show), born. = 1925 +Name The Year: 1st Miss America crowned (Margaret Gorman of Washington DC). = 1921 +Name The Year: Alexandra Kollontai of Russia becomes 1st woman ambassador. = 1924 +Name The Year: 1st appearance of the comic strip "Blondie". = 1930 +Name The Year: Patsy Cline Va, country singer (Walkin' After Midnight), born. = 1932 +Name The Year: Franklin D. Roooseveldt declares "limited national emergency" due to war in Europe. = 1939 +Name The Year: Italy surrenders to the allies in WW II. = 1943 +Name The Year: Ernest Hemmingway's "Old Man and the Sea" published. = 1952 +Name The Year: NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., dedicated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. = 1960 +Name The Year: "Star Trek" premiers on NBC-TV. = 1966 +Name The Year: Uganda abolishes traditional tribal kingdoms, becomes a republic. = 1967 +Name The Year: 1st all Australian women's US Open final, (Margaret Court beats Yvonne Goolagong). = 1973 +Name The Year: Ellis Island Historical Site opens on Eliis Island, NYC. = 1990 +Name The Year: St Sergius I ends his reign as Catholic Pope. = 701 +Name The Year: William I The Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy, dies. = 1087 +Name The Year: Battle of Flodden Fields; English defeat James IV of Scotland. = 1513 +Name The Year: Cardinal A Jean de Plessicide de Richelieu, King Louis XIII of France's chief minister, born. = 1585 +Name The Year: William Bligh nasty ship's captain and New South Wales governor (HMS Bounty), born. = 1754 +Name The Year: Continental Congress renames "United Colonies", "United States". = 1776 +Name The Year: Leo Tolstoy Russia, novelist (War and Peace, Anna Karenina), born. = 1828 +Name The Year: Frederick R Spofforth Australia, cricketer (Demon), born. = 1853 +Name The Year: Luxembourg gains independence. = 1867 +Name The Year: Harland Sanders, Kentucky Fried Chicken founder/colonel, born. = 1890 +Name The Year: EE Barnard at Lick discovers Amalthea, 5th Jupiter moon. = 1892 +Name The Year: James Hilton, hotel magnate (Hilton Hotels), born. = 1900 +Name The Year: Otis Redding, Georgia, rocker (Sitting on the Dock of the Bay), born. = 1941 +Name The Year: Roger Waters, (Pink Floyd-The Wall), born. = 1943 +Name The Year: Allied forces liberate Luxembourg from Nazis. = 1944 +Name The Year: Bulgaria liberated from Nazi control (National Day). = 1944 +Name The Year: Japanese in S Korea, Taiwan, China, Indochina surrender to Allies. = 1945 +Name The Year: People's Democratic Republic of Korea proclaimed. = 1948 +Name The Year: Michael Keaton, actor (Pacific Heights, Batman, Multiplicity), born. = 1951 +Name The Year: Dave Stewart, rocker (Eurythmics-Here Comes the Rain Again), born. = 1952 +Name The Year: Elvis Presley appears on national TV for 1st time (Ed Sullivan). = 1956 +Name The Year: Tibet is made an autonomous region of China. = 1965 +Name The Year: 1st successful test flight of a Saturn V. = 1967 +Name The Year: John Lennon releases the "Imagine" album. = 1971 +Name The Year: Viking 2 launched toward orbit around Mars, soft landing. = 1975 +Name The Year: Mao Tse-Tung, Chinese communist party chairman (1949-76), dies at 82. = 1976 +Name The Year: 1st TRS-80 computer sold. = 1977 +Name The Year: Radio Shack announces their color computer 2 (the Coco2). = 1983 +Name The Year: Bush and Gorbachev meet in Helsinki and urge Iraq to leave Kuwait. = 1990 +Name The Year: Julius III Counter-Reformation pope (1550-55), born. = 1487 +Name The Year: Simon Bolivar named president of Peru. = 1823 +Name The Year: Isaac Kauffman Funk US, publisher (Funk and Wagnalls), born. = 1839 +Name The Year: Elias Howe patents the sewing machine. = 1846 +Name The Year: Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji India, cricketer/politician, born. = 1872 +Name The Year: Fay Wray Alberta Canada, actress-King Kong's main squeeze, born. = 1907 +Name The Year: NYC welcomes home Gen John J Pershing and 25,000 WW I soldiers. = 1919 +Name The Year: Arnold Palmer golfer (PGA Golfer of the Year 1960, 1962), born. = 1929 +Name The Year: Yevgeny V Khrunov USSR, cosmonaut (Soyuz 5), born. = 1933 +Name The Year: Jose Feliciano, singer/songwriter (Light my Fire), born. = 1945 +Name The Year: Siobhan Fahey rocker (Bananarama), born. = 1957 +Name The Year: Gibraltar votes 12,138 to 44 to remain British. = 1967 +Name The Year: Guinea-Bissau gains independence from Portugal. = 1974 +Name The Year: East Germans begin their flight to the west (via Hungary and Czech). = 1989 +Name The Year: 19 year old Pete Sampras beats Andre Agassi to win the US Open. = 1990 +Name The Year: Hard Rock Cafe opens in Las Vegas Nevada. = 1990 +Name The Year: Samuel Kanyon Doe president of Liberia, assassinated. = 1990 +Name The Year: Iran agrees to resume dimplomatic ties with Iraq. = 1990 +Name The Year: Yves Montand actor (Lets Make Love, Z), dies at 70. = 1991 +Name The Year: Henry Hudson discovers Manhattan island. = 1609 +Name The Year: English, Dutch and Austrians defeat French in Battle of Malplaquet. = 1709 +Name The Year: 1st newspaper cartoon strip. = 1875 +Name The Year: David Herbert "DH" Lawrence England, writer (Lady Chatterly's Lover), born. = 1885 +Name The Year: Ferdinand Marcos Philippines Pres (1965-86), born. = 1917 +Name The Year: Valentino, Milan Italy, fashion designer (Jacquline Kennedy Onasis), born. = 1932 +Name The Year: Gherman Titov USSR, 1st man to spend a day in space (Vostok 2), born. = 1935 +Name The Year: FDR orders any Axis ship found in American waters be shot on sight. = 1941 +Name The Year: The 17th Olympic games close in Rome. = 1960 +Name The Year: Virginia Madsen Chicago Ill, actress (Dune, Highlander, Class), born. = 1961 +Name The Year: Bob Dylan's 1st NY performance. = 1961 +Name The Year: Beatles' "Help!", album goes #1 and stays #1 for 9 weeks. = 1965 +Name The Year: Nikita Khrushchev dies of a heart attack at 77. = 1971 +Name The Year: Chile's President, Salvador Allende, deposed in a military coup. = 1973 +Name The Year: Lorne Greene actor (Bonanza, Battlestar Galactica), dies at 72. = 1987 +Name The Year: Peter Tosh reggae singer shot dead at 43 in Jamacia. = 1988 +Name The Year: B.C. Athenians defeat second Persian invasion of Greece at Marathon. = 490 +Name The Year: English explorer Henry Hudson enters the Hudson River = 1609 +Name The Year: Drogheda, Ireland falls to Puritan troops; inhabitants massacred. = 1649 +Name The Year: Charles Messier observes the Crab Nebula and begins catalog. = 1758 +Name The Year: Richard Jordan Gatling, US inventor of hand-cranked machine gun, born. = 1818 +Name The Year: Charles Dudley Warner, US newspaperman, author, born. = 1829 +Name The Year: H.H. Asquith (Liberal), British prime minister (1908-16), born. = 1852 +Name The Year: Henry L. Mencken, newspaperman, critic, Baltimore's son, born. = 1880 +Name The Year: Maurice Chevalier, actor, singer (Gigi), ultimate Frenchman, born. = 1888 +Name The Year: Margaret Hamilton, actor (Wizard of Oz), played Wicked Witch of the West, born. = 1902 +Name The Year: Jesse Owens, athlete, spoiled Hitler's Olympic plans in 1936, born. = 1913 +Name The Year: Amilcar Cabral, worked for independence of Portuguese Africa, born. = 1921 +Name The Year: Stanislaw Lem, Polish science-fiction writer, born. = 1921 +Name The Year: Katharine Hepburn makes her New York stage debut in "Night Hostess." = 1928 +Name The Year: First German ship in WW2 captured by US ship (Busko). = 1941 +Name The Year: Barry White, singer, born. = 1944 +Name The Year: Khrushchev becomes First Secretary of the Communist Party. = 1953 +Name The Year: "Bonanza" premieres -- in Color. = 1959 +Name The Year: Luna 1 launched by USSR; first spacecraft to impact on the moon. = 1959 +Name The Year: "The Monkees" premieres. = 1966 +Name The Year: Gemini XI is launched. = 1966 +Name The Year: USSR launches Luna 16; returns samples from lunar Sea of Fertility. = 1970 +Name The Year: Coup overthrows Emperor Haile Selassie in Ethiopia (National Day). = 1974 +Name The Year: Death of Dante Alighieri, author of the Divine Comedy. = 1321 +Name The Year: Dante Alighieri Day. = 1583 +Name The Year: Oliver Evans, pioneered the high-pressure steam engine, born. = 1755 +Name The Year: Wolfe defeats Montcalm on Plains of Abraham; Canada becomes English. = 1759 +Name The Year: New York City becomes the capitol of the United States. = 1788 +Name The Year: Clara Wieck Schumann, German pianist, composer, born. = 1819 +Name The Year: Walter Reed, who proved mosquitoes transmit yellow fever, born. = 1851 +Name The Year: Milton S. Hershey, US chocolate manufacturer, philanthropist, born. = 1857 +Name The Year: Arnold Schoenberg, composer, born. = 1874 +Name The Year: Britain invades Egypt. = 1882 +Name The Year: First airplane flight in Europe. = 1906 +Name The Year: Barbara Bain (in Chicago, IL), actor (Mission Impossible, Space: 1999), born. = 1934 +Name The Year: Judith Martin, etiquet authority, "Miss Manners", born. = 1938 +Name The Year: Jaqueline Bisset (in England), actor (Deep), born. = 1941 +Name The Year: Oscar Arias Sanchez, president of Costa Rica (1986- ) (Nobel 1987), born. = 1941 +Name The Year: Soviet Lunik 2 becomes first human-made object to crash on moon. = 1959 +Name The Year: "Car 54 Where are You?" premieres. = 1961 +Name The Year: "The Outer Limits" premieres. = 1963 +Name The Year: Beatles release "Yesterday." = 1965 +Name The Year: IBM announces System 370 computer. = 1970 +Name The Year: 9 hostages and 28 prisoners die in take over a Attica State Prison. = 1971 +Name The Year: First TV viewer discretion warning - "Soap". = 1977 +Name The Year: Second test of the Space Shuttle Enterprise. = 1977 +Name The Year: According to South Africa, Venda gains independence. Not recognized as an independent country outside of South Africa. = 1979 +Name The Year: Princess Grace of Monaco dies at 52 in a car crash. = 1982 +Name The Year: England and colonies adopt Gregorian calendar, 11 days disappear, rioting ensues. = 1752 +Name The Year: Napoleon occupies Moscow. = 1812 +Name The Year: Ivan Pavlov, Russia, physiologist/pioneer in psychology, born. = 1849 +Name The Year: Arthur Wellesley General/Duke of Wellington, dies at 83. = 1852 +Name The Year: Lord Cecil of Chelwood, UK, helped form League of Nations (early version of the UN), born. = 1864 +Name The Year: Hal Wallis movie producer (Maltese Falcon, Barefoot in the Park), born. = 1899 +Name The Year: Henry Bliss becomes 1st automobile fatality. = 1899 +Name The Year: Provisional government of Russia established, Republic proclaimed. = 1917 +Name The Year: Graf Zeppelin II, world's largest airship, makes maiden flight. = 1938 +Name The Year: Walter Koenig Chicago Ill, actor (Chekov-Star Trek), born. = 1938 +Name The Year: Israel shoots down 13 Syrian MIG-21s. = 1973 +Name The Year: Charles Kowal discovers Leda, 13th satellite of Jupiter. = 1974 +Name The Year: Grace Kelly princess of Monaco, dies at 52 in a car crash. = 1982 +Name The Year: Calagary Flames become 1st NHL team to play in USSR, win 4-2. = 1989 +Name The Year: rajan, 13th Roman emperor (98-117), conqueror of Ctesiphon, born. = 53 T +Name The Year: Francoise duc de la Rochefoucald Paris France, writer (Memoires), born. = 1613 +Name The Year: Mayflower departs from Plymouth, England with 102 pilgrims. = 1620 +Name The Year: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua gain independence. = 1821 +Name The Year: Dame Agatha Christie mystery writer (Murder on the Orient Express), born. = 1890 +Name The Year: Japan defeats China in Battle of Ping Yang. = 1894 +Name The Year: Umberto II king of Italy (1946), born. = 1904 +Name The Year: Fay Wray, actress (King Kong), born. = 1907 +Name The Year: Battle of Aisne begins between Germans and French during WW I. = 1914 +Name The Year: Margaret Lockwood actress (Lady Vanishes), born. = 1916 +Name The Year: Russia proclaimed a republic by Alexander Kerensky. = 1917 +Name The Year: Nuremberg Laws deprives German Jews of citizenship and makes the swastika the official symbol of Nazi Germany. = 1935 +Name The Year: British PM Chamberlain visits Hitler at Berchtesgarden. = 1938 +Name The Year: Tide turns in Battle of Britain in WW II, RAF beats Luftwaffe. = 1940 +Name The Year: Oliver Stone NYC, director (Wall St, Good Morning Vietnam, Platoon), born. = 1946 +Name The Year: Tommy Lee Jones actor (Volcano, Batman Forever, Under Siege), born. = 1946 +Name The Year: UN turns over Eritrea to Ethiopia. = 1952 +Name The Year: Soviet Premier Khrushchev arrives in US to begin a 13-day visit. = 1959 +Name The Year: Dan Marino NFL quarterback (Miami Dolphins), born. = 1961 +Name The Year: "Lost in Space" premiers. = 1965 +Name The Year: Gemini XI returns to Earth. = 1966 +Name The Year: Decca awards Bing Crosby a 2nd platinum disc for selling 300 million. = 1970 +Name The Year: Muhammad Ali beats WBA heavyweight champion Leon Spinks. = 1978 +Name The Year: Israeli forces began pouring into west Beirut. = 1982 +Name The Year: Prince Henry Charles Albert David of Wales, 3rd in British sucession, born. = 1984 +Name The Year: Lillehammer, Norway upsets Anchorage to host 1994 Winter olympics. = 1988 +Name The Year: France announce it will send 4,000 troops to the Persian Gulf. = 1990 +Name The Year: Henry V, king of England (1413-22), born. = 1387 +Name The Year: Death of Tomas de Torquemada, inquisitor who burned 10,000 people. = 1498 +Name The Year: The Mayflower departs from Plymouth, England with 102 pilgrims headed for the 'New World'. = 1620 +Name The Year: Flamsteed sees solar eclipse, first known astronomical observation. = 1662 +Name The Year: Mexico first declares independence from Spain (National Day). = 1810 +Name The Year: Fire of Moscow. = 1812 +Name The Year: A. Bonar Law (C), British prime minister (1922-23), born. = 1858 +Name The Year: James J. Jeans, cosmologist and astrophysicist, born. = 1877 +Name The Year: William Crapo Durant incorporates General Motors. = 1908 +Name The Year: Wilfred Burchett, Australian Communist, journalist, writer, born. = 1911 +Name The Year: Allen Funt, voyuer, 'Candid Camera' creator, born. = 1914 +Name The Year: Lauren Bacall (in Staten Island, NY), actor, whistler (Dark Passage, Key Largo, Always), born. = 1924 +Name The Year: B. B. King, singer, musician, born. = 1925 +Name The Year: Charlie Byrd, guitarist, born. = 1925 +Name The Year: Peter Falk, actor (Colombo, Princess Bride, In-Laws), born. = 1927 +Name The Year: Barometric pressure at 856 mb (25.55") off Okinawa (record low). = 1945 +Name The Year: James J. Jeans, astrophysicist, dies on his 69th birthday. = 1946 +Name The Year: First automobile to exceed 400 mph, John Cobb, Bonneville Salt Flats. = 1947 +Name The Year: Ed Begley, Jr., actor (St. Elsewhere, Real Genius, Spinal Tap), born. = 1949 +Name The Year: Richard Nixon appears on "Laugh-in". = 1968 +Name The Year: Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia (National Day). = 1975 +Name The Year: Episcopal Church approves ordination of women as priests and bishop. = 1976 +Name The Year: Maria Callas American-born prima donna dies in Paris at 53. = 1977 +Name The Year: "Miami Vice" premieres. = 1984 +Name The Year: Charles III [The Simple], king of France (893-923), born. = 879 +Name The Year: Wenceslas II king of Bohemia and Poland (1278-1305), born. = 1271 +Name The Year: Joseph Caspar Mezzofanti, Cardinal/linguist (understood 70 languages), born. = 1774 +Name The Year: William Herschel discovers Mimas, satellite of Saturn. = 1789 +Name The Year: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, pioneer in rocket and space research, born. = 1857 +Name The Year: Thomas Selfridge becomes 1st fatality of powered flight. = 1908 +Name The Year: Anne Bancroft AKA Mrs Mel Brooks, Bronx, actress (Graduate), born. = 1931 +Name The Year: 1st 33 1/3 rpm recording released (Beethoven's 5th). = 1934 +Name The Year: Soviet Union invades Poland during WW II. = 1939 +Name The Year: 1st successful separation of Siamese twins. = 1953 +Name The Year: Rita Rudner comedienne, born. = 1955 +Name The Year: "The Fugitive" premiers on TV in the USA. = 1963 +Name The Year: "Bewitched" premiers on TV in the USA. = 1964 +Name The Year: Supremes release "Baby Love". = 1964 +Name The Year: "Mission Impossible" premieres on TV in the USA. = 1967 +Name The Year: "M = A = S = H" premiers on TV. = 1972 +Name The Year: Soviet Union and Saudi Arabia restore diplomatic ties. = 1990 +Name The Year: North and South Korea joins the UN. = 1991 +Name The Year: Chile declares independence from Spain (National Day). = 1810 +Name The Year: "The New York Times" goes on sale at 2 cents a copy. = 1851 +Name The Year: Pacific Stock Exchange opens (as the Local Security Board). = 1882 +Name The Year: D.D. Palmer of Davenport, Iowa, becomes the first Chiropractor. = 1895 +Name The Year: Greta Garbo (in Stockholm, Sweden), actor (Ninotchka, Grand Hotel), born. = 1905 +Name The Year: Jack Warden, actor (Verdict, Brian's Song), born. = 1920 +Name The Year: Nikolai N. Rukavishnikov, Soviet cosmonaut (Soyuz 10, 16, 33), born. = 1932 +Name The Year: Robert Blake, actor (Little Rascals, Baretta), born. = 1933 +Name The Year: Frankie Avalon, singer (Four Seasons), born. = 1940 +Name The Year: "Get Smart" premiers. = 1965 +Name The Year: U.S. Voyager I takes the first space photograph of the earth and moon together. = 1977 +Name The Year: Soyuz 38 carries 2 cosmonauts (1 Cuban) to Salyut 6 space station. = 1980 +Name The Year: Joe Kittinger completes first solo balloon crossing of Atlantic. = 1984 +Name The Year: English defeat French at Battle of Poitiers. = 1356 +Name The Year: Jan Luyts, Dutch scholar, physicist, mathematician, astronomer, born. = 1655 +Name The Year: Napoleon's retreat from Russia begins. = 1812 +Name The Year: Bond (U.S.) and Lassell (England) independently discover Hyperion. = 1848 +Name The Year: William Golding, English novelist (Lord of the Flies) (Nobel 1983), born. = 1911 +Name The Year: Mickey Mouse makes his screen debut in "Steamboat Willie." = 1928 +Name The Year: David McCallum, actor (Ilya Kuryakin in Man from U.N.C.L.E.), born. = 1933 +Name The Year: Al Oerter, US discus thrower, born. = 1936 +Name The Year: Paul Williams, singer, composer, actor, born. = 1940 +Name The Year: Jeremy Irons, English actor (French Lieutenant's Woman), born. = 1948 +Name The Year: Twiggy (Leslie Hornby) (in England), model, actor (Blues Brothers), born. = 1949 +Name The Year: "Mary Tyler Moore Show" premiers. = 1970 +Name The Year: St Christopher-Nevis gains independence from Britain (Nat'l Day). = 1983 +Name The Year: Antoninus Pius, Roman Emperor = 0086 +Name The Year: Alexander III the Great, king of Macedonia, emperor = 0357 +Name The Year: Magellan starts first successful circumnavigation of the world. = 1519 +Name The Year: Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian journalist (Nobel Peace Prize 1907) = 1833 +Name The Year: Slave trade abolished in DC, but slavery allowed to continue. = 1850 +Name The Year: British and French defeat Russians at Alma, in the Crimea. = 1854 +Name The Year: Patent granted on the electric range. = 1859 +Name The Year: The Prince of Wales, later to become King Edward VII, becomes the first British royalty to visit the United States. = 1860 +Name The Year: Civil War Battle of Chickamauga, near Chattanooga, Tenn, ended. = 1863 +Name The Year: Ferdinand "Jelly Roll" Morton, jazz pianist, composer, singer = 1885 +Name The Year: Sophia Loren (in Rome, Italy), actor (Desire Under the Elms, Black Orchid) = 1934 +Name The Year: German rocket engineers begin work in U.S. = 1945 +Name The Year: First North Pole jet crossing = 1951 +Name The Year: First FORTRAN computer program run. = 1954 +Name The Year: Luna 16 lands on Moon's Mare Fecunditatis, drills core sample. = 1970 +Name The Year: Billy Jean King beats Bobby Riggs in battle-of-sexes tennis match. = 1973 +Name The Year: Walt Disney World's 200-millonth guest. = 1985 +Name The Year: Edward II king of England (1307-1327), dies at 43. = 1327 +Name The Year: Frederick III Innsbruck Austria, German Emperor (1440-1493), born. = 1415 +Name The Year: John Loudon McAdam created macadam road surface (asphalt), born. = 1756 +Name The Year: 1st French Republic declared. = 1792 +Name The Year: H(erbert) G(eorge) Wells Bromley, England (War of the Worlds), born. = 1866 +Name The Year: Teiichi Igarashi Japan, climed Mt Fuji at age 99, born. = 1886 +Name The Year: NY Sun runs famous "Yes, Virginia there is a Santa Claus," editorial. = 1897 +Name The Year: Chuck Jones animator (Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck), born. = 1912 +Name The Year: Larry Hagman Fort Worth Tx, actor (I Dream of Jeannie, JR-Dallas), born. = 1931 +Name The Year: Stones at Stonehenge, England, sold at auction for £6,600. = 1915 +Name The Year: Leonard Cohen, Montreal, singer/songwriter (Death of Ladies Man), born. = 1934 +Name The Year: J.R.R. Tolkein, publishes "The Hobbit". = 1937 +Name The Year: Stephen King suspense writer (Shining, Kujo), born. = 1947 +Name The Year: Federal Republic of [West] Germany created under 3-power occupation. = 1949 +Name The Year: Peoples Rebulic of China proclaimed. = 1949 +Name The Year: Bill Murray Evanston Ill, comedian (SNL, What About Bob, Stripes), born. = 1950 +Name The Year: Nuclear submarine "Nautilus" is commissioned. = 1954 +Name The Year: Haakon VII king of Norway, dies, Olaf succeeds him. = 1957 +Name The Year: Malta gains independence from Britain. = 1964 +Name The Year: Ricki Lake actress (Hairspray, Ricki Lake Show), born. = 1968 +Name The Year: Luna 16 leaves the Moon. = 1970 +Name The Year: Belize gains independence from Britain (National Day). = 1981 +Name The Year: Armenia votes on whether to remain in the Soviet Union. = 1991 +Name The Year: Bilbo Baggins (in Shire Reconning), born. = 1290 +Name The Year: Lord Chesterfield letter writer; introduced Gregorian calendar (1752), born. = 1694 +Name The Year: Michael Faraday discovered principle of electric motor, born. = 1791 +Name The Year: Shigeru Yoshida Japanese PM (most of 1946-54), born. = 1878 +Name The Year: Italo Marchiony granted patent for the ice cream cone. = 1903 +Name The Year: Junko Tabei Japan, 1st woman to climb Mount Everest, born. = 1939 +Name The Year: USSR detonates its 1st atomic bomb. = 1949 +Name The Year: Commercial TV begins in England. = 1955 +Name The Year: Mali (without Senegal) gains independence from France (National Day). = 1960 +Name The Year: Iraqi troops seize part of Iran in a border dispute; war begins. = 1980 +Name The Year: California University makes the Dead Sea Scrolls public. = 1991 +Name The Year: BC Euripides, ancient Greek playwright (Trojan Women) (or 480 BC), born. = 484 +Name The Year: C Octavian (Augustus Caesar), first Roman emperor, born. = 63 B +Name The Year: Ferdinand VI, king of Spain (1746-59), born. = 1713 +Name The Year: Johann Galle and Heinrich d'Arrest find the planet Neptune. = 1846 +Name The Year: Urbain J.J. Leverrier, codiscoverer of Neptune, dies. = 1877 +Name The Year: First Mack Sennett "Keystone Comedy" movie is released. = 1912 +Name The Year: Mickey Rooney, actor (too many credits to mention), born. = 1920 +Name The Year: Gene Tunney defeats Jack Dempsey for world heavyweight boxing title. = 1926 +Name The Year: John Coltrane, saxophonist, born. = 1926 +Name The Year: Ray Charles, entertainer extraordinaire, born. = 1930 +Name The Year: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia formed (National Day). = 1932 +Name The Year: Bruce "The Boss" Springsteen, rock musician (Born in the USA), born. = 1949 +Name The Year: Jason Alexander (George in Seinfeld), born. = 1959 +Name The Year: First movie to become a TV series -- "How to Marry a Millionaire". = 1961 +Name The Year: ABC's first color TV series -- "The Jetsons". = 1962 +Name The Year: Soyuz 22 returns to Earth. = 1976 +Name The Year: Cheryl Ladd replaces Farrah Fawcett on "Charlie's Angels". = 1977 +Name The Year: Third test of the Space Shuttle Enterprise. = 1977 +Name The Year: First round-the-world trip by yacht (Cornelius Vanderbilt). = 1853 +Name The Year: Black Friday -- Wall Street panics after Gould and Fisk attempt to corner gold. = 1869 +Name The Year: Georges Claude, inventor of the neon light, born. = 1870 +Name The Year: First round-the-world trip by a woman on a bicycle (took 15 months). = 1895 +Name The Year: F. Scott Fitzgerald (in St. Paul, MN), writer (Great Gatsby), born. = 1896 +Name The Year: John W. Young, astronaut (Gemini 3, 10, Apollo 10, 16, STS-1, 9), born. = 1930 +Name The Year: John Brunner, British sci-fi author (Sheep Look Up), born. = 1934 +Name The Year: Jim Henson, creater of the Muppets, "our era's Charlie Chaplin, Mae West, W. C. Fields, and Marx Brothers", born. = 1936 +Name The Year: Linda Eastman McCartney, singer, born. = 1942 +Name The Year: Pres Eisenhower suffered a heart attack on vacation in Denver. = 1955 +Name The Year: Eisenhower orders US troops to desegregate Little Rock schools. = 1957 +Name The Year: First atomic aircraft carrier, the "USS Enterprise", is launched. = 1960 +Name The Year: "The Munsters" premier. = 1964 +Name The Year: "60 Minutes" premiers. = 1968 +Name The Year: First Automated return of lunar sample by Luna 16. = 1970 +Name The Year: Guinea-Bissau gains independence from Portugal. = 1974 +Name The Year: Vasco Nuez de Balboa is the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. = 1513 +Name The Year: First printing press in America. = 1639 +Name The Year: Olaus Roemer, first to accurately measured speed of light, born. = 1644 +Name The Year: Jean Phillippe Rameau, French composer (baptized), born. = 1683 +Name The Year: Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, designed and built first automobile, born. = 1725 +Name The Year: Mark Rothko, painter, born. = 1903 +Name The Year: Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer, born. = 1906 +Name The Year: Henry Ford announces the five day work week. = 1926 +Name The Year: Michael Douglas, actor, producer, born. = 1944 +Name The Year: Christopher Reeve, actor (Superman, Somewhere in Time), born. = 1952 +Name The Year: Mark Hamill, actor (Star Wars), born. = 1952 +Name The Year: First transatlantic telephone cable goes into operation. = 1956 +Name The Year: Heather Locklear, actor, born.. = 1961 +Name The Year: Three-man crew of Skylab II make safe splashdown in Pacific after 59 days. = 1973 +Name The Year: Pacific SW Airlines Boeing 727 and a Cessna private plane collide. = 1978 +Name The Year: Parthenon destroyed in war between Turks and Venetians. = 1687 +Name The Year: Moses Mendelssohn, philosopher, critic, Bible translator, born. = 1729 +Name The Year: John Chapman, alias Johnny Appleseed, born. = 1774 +Name The Year: Frontiersman Daniel Boone died in Missouri at the age of 85. = 1820 +Name The Year: Kapiolani defies Pele (Hawaiian volcano goddess) and lives. = 1824 +Name The Year: T.S. Eliot, Anglican, playwright (Waste Land) (Nobel 1948), born. = 1888 +Name The Year: Paul VI, 262nd Roman Catholic pope (1963-78), born. = 1897 +Name The Year: George Gershwin, (in Brooklyn, NY), composer (Rhapsody in Blue), born. = 1898 +Name The Year: Meuse-Argonne offensive against the Germans began during WWI. = 1918 +Name The Year: Julio Iglesias, singer, born. = 1941 +Name The Year: Olivia Newton-John (in Cambridge, England), singer, born. = 1948 +Name The Year: Vladimir Remek, first Czechoslovakian space traveler (Soyuz 28), born. = 1948 +Name The Year: UN troops in Korean War recaptured South Korean capital of Seoul. = 1950 +Name The Year: Musical "West Side Story", opened on Broadway. = 1957 +Name The Year: TV comedy "The Beverly Hillbillies" premiered on CBS. = 1962 +Name The Year: Yemen Arab Republic proclaimed (National Day). = 1962 +Name The Year: Japan launches its first satellite in to space. = 1966 +Name The Year: Beatles release "Abbey Road" album. = 1969 +Name The Year: Soyuz 38 returns to Earth. = 1980 +Name The Year: Australia II won the America's Cup yacht race. = 1983 +Name The Year: Cosmonauts Titov and Strekalov are saved from exploding Soyuz T-10. = 1983 +Name The Year: Society of Jesus (Jesuits) founded by Ignatius Loyola. = 1540 +Name The Year: Louis XIII, king of France (1610-43), born. = 1601 +Name The Year: Sophia, regent of Russia (1682-89), born. = 1657 +Name The Year: Agustin I de Iturbide, emperor of Mexico (1822-23), born. = 1783 +Name The Year: Railroad transportation is born with first track in England. = 1825 +Name The Year: Sir Martin Ryle, British radio astronomer, astronomer royal 1972-82, born. = 1918 +Name The Year: Arthur Penn, stage and film director, born. = 1922 +Name The Year: The ocean liner Queen Elizabeth was launched at Glasgow. = 1938 +Name The Year: Actors Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy are married. = 1942 +Name The Year: Dumitru Prunariu, first Rumanian space traveler (on board Soyuz 40), born. = 1952 +Name The Year: Cheryl Tiegs (in Minnesota), model and actor, born. = 1957 +Name The Year: Shaun Cassidy, singer, born. = 1958 +Name The Year: US sells Hawk anti-aircraft missiles to Israel. = 1962 +Name The Year: Warren Commission finds that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone. = 1964 +Name The Year: Soyuz 12 is launched. = 1973 +Name The Year: B.C. Pompey (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) Rome, warrior, born. = 106 +Name The Year: B.C. Confucius (as celebrated in Taiwan), born. = 551 +Name The Year: William the Conqueror lands in England. = 1066 +Name The Year: Caravaggio Italy, painter (or 1573), born. = 1573 +Name The Year: Edward Thompson US archeologist who explored Mayan ruins, born. = 1856 +Name The Year: Donati's comet becomes the 1st to be photographed. = 1858 +Name The Year: Battle of Alcolea, causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France. = 1868 +Name The Year: The city of Sydney inaugurates steam motor tram route. = 1879 +Name The Year: Marcello Mastroianni actor (La Dolce Vita), born. = 1924 +Name The Year: Seymour Cray inventor (Cray I computer), born. = 1925 +Name The Year: Soviet-German treaty agree on 4th partition of Poland (WW II) and gives Lithuania to the USSR. = 1939 +Name The Year: Phil Hartman comedian (SNL, Newsradio, Simpsons (Voice of Troy McLure)), born. = 1948 +Name The Year: Albert Ascoli Italian developed anti-tuberculosis vaccine, dies. = 1957 +Name The Year: Guinea votes for independence from France. = 1958 +Name The Year: Explorer VI reveals an intense radation belt around the Earth. = 1959 +Name The Year: Harpo Marx comedian (Marx Bros), dies at 75. = 1964 +Name The Year: Beatles' "Hey Jude", single goes #1 and stays #1 for 9 weeks = 1968 +Name The Year: Pope John Paul I dies after 33 days as pope. = 1978 +Name The Year: Record 23,000 start in a marathon (Mexico City). = 1986 +Name The Year: Ferdinand Marcos deposed president of Phillipines, dies. = 1989 +Name The Year: Marvin Gaye gets a star on Hollywood's walk of fame. = 1990 +Name The Year: Miles Davis jazz musician, dies at 65 from pneumonia. = 1991 +Name The Year: Battle of Auray, English forces defeat French at Brittany. = 1364 +Name The Year: Robert Lord Clive, founded British empire in India, born. = 1755 +Name The Year: Horatio Nelson Burnham Thorpe, Britain, naval hero at Trafalgar, born. = 1758 +Name The Year: Tennis is 1st mentioned in an English sporting magazine. = 1793 +Name The Year: Scotland Yard formed in London. = 1829 +Name The Year: Louis Pasteur dies. = 1895 +Name The Year: Enrico Fermi, Italy, nuclear physicist, born. = 1901 +Name The Year: Gene Autry, singer/actor/Calif Angels owner, born. = 1907 +Name The Year: Bob Newhart Oak Park Ill, actor/comedian (Bob Newhart Show), born. = 1929 +Name The Year: Richard Bonynge, Sydney Australia, conductor (Australian Orchestra Sydney-1976), born. = 1930 +Name The Year: Anita Ekberg, Sweden, actress (La Dolce Vita, War and Peace), born. = 1931 +Name The Year: Jerry Lee Lewis, singer (Great Balls of Fire, Breathless), born. = 1935 +Name The Year: Lech Walesa, Popowo Poland, leads Polish Solidarity (Nobel 1983), born. = 1943 +Name The Year: Eisenhower and Italian Marshal Pietro Badoglio sign an armistice. = 1943 +Name The Year: Soviet troops invade Yugoslavia. = 1944 +Name The Year: Sultan of Brunei promulgates a constitution. = 1959 +Name The Year: Rolling Stones 1st tour (opening act for Bo Diddley and Everly Bros). = 1963 +Name The Year: Bechuanaland gains independence from England, becomes Botswana. = 1966 +Name The Year: Erika Eleniak, actress (Under Siege, Beverly Hillbillies), born. = 1969 +Name The Year: Soviet space station Salyut 6 launched into Earth orbit. = 1977 +Name The Year: Pope John Paul II becomes 1st pope to visit Ireland. = 1979 +Name The Year: USSR releases US journalist Nicholas Daniloff confined on spy charges. = 1986 +Name The Year: Charles Addams cartoonist (Addams Family), dies at 76 of heart attack. = 1988 +Name The Year: 26th Space Shuttle mission, Discovery 7 launched. = 1988 +Name The Year: First book published, Johann Guttenberg's Bible. = 1452 +Name The Year: Robinson Crusoe, according to Daniel Defoe = 1627 +Name The Year: Robinson Crusoe is shipwrecked (according to Defoe). = 1659 +Name The Year: William Morris first uses ether in the first tooth extraction under anesthesia at Charlestown, Mass. = 1846 +Name The Year: Jean Perrin, French physicist, studied Brownian motion (Nobel 1926) = 1870 +Name The Year: Deborah Kerr (in Helensburg, Scotland), actor (King and I, Night of the Iguana) = 1921 +Name The Year: Truman Capote, a short short story writer (In Cold Blood) = 1924 +Name The Year: Elie Wiesel, author (Souls on Fire), Nazi hunter (Nobel 1986) = 1928 +Name The Year: Angie Dickinson (in Kulm, ND), actor = 1931 +Name The Year: Johnny Mathis, singer = 1935 +Name The Year: Munich Agreement-forces Czechoslovakia to give territory to Germany. = 1938 +Name The Year: First manned rocket flight (by auto maker Fritz von Opel). = 1939 +Name The Year: Calais reoccupied by Allies. = 1944 +Name The Year: James Dean, actor, died in a car crash (born Feb 08, 1931) = 1955 +Name The Year: "The Flintstones" premieres. Yabba Dabba Doo! = 1960 +Name The Year: Botswana gains independence from Britain (National Day). = 1966 +Name The Year: USSR's Kosmos 186 and 188 complete the 1st automatic docking. = 1967 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lua/quiz/questions/warcraft.txt b/lua/quiz/questions/warcraft.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36a83e96f --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/quiz/questions/warcraft.txt @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +************************************************** +Category: Warcraft +Author: Blizzard +************************************************** + +This Horde ship was crafted by goblins. Originally intended to bring Thrall and Aggra to the Maelstrom, the ship was destroyed in a surprise attack by the Alliance. = Draka's Fury +What are undead murlocs called? = Murghouls +What is the name of Tirion Fordring's gray stallion? = Mirador +Which of these is the correct name for King Varian Wrynn's first wife? = Tiffin Ellerlan Wrynn +Who was the first satyr to be created? = Xavius +Before Ripsnarl became a worgen, he had a family. What was his wife's name? = Calissa Harrington +This structure, located in Zangarmarsh was controlled by naga who sought to drain a precious and limited resource: the water of Outland. = Coilfang Reservoir +One name for this loa is "Night's Friend" = Mueh'zala +This defender of the Scarlet Crusade was killed while slaying the dreadlord Beltheris = Holia Sunshield +Brown-skinned orcs first began showing up on Azeroth several years after the Third War, when the Dark Portal was reactivated. What are these orcs called? = Mag'har +Succubus demons revel in causing anguish, and they serve the Legion by conducting nightmarish interrogations. What species is the succubus? = Sayaad +While working as a tutor, Stalvan Mistmantle became obsessed with one of his students, a young woman named Tilloa. What was the name of her younger brother? = Giles +Who was the mighty proto-dragon captured by Loken and tranformed into Razorscale? = Veranus +This emissary of the Horde felt that Silvermoon City was a little too bright and clean. = Tatal +This queen oversaw the evacuation of her people after the Cataclysm struck and the Forsaken attacked her nation. = Mia Greymane +Not long ago, this frail Zandalari troll sought to tame a direhorn. Although he journeyed to the Isle of Giants, he was slain in his quest. What was his name? = Talak +Arthas's death knights were trained in a floating citadel that was taken by force when many of them rebelled against the Lich King. What was the fortress's name? = Acherus +White wolves were once the favored mounts of which orc clan? = Frostwolf Clan +In Taur-ahe, the language of the tauren, what does lar'korwi mean? = Sharp claw +Name the homeworld of the ethereals. = K'aresh +Who was the first death knight to be created on Azeroth? = Teron Gorefiend +In the assault on Icecrown, Horde forces dishonorably attacked Alliance soldiers who were busy fighting Scourge and trying to capture this gate. = Mord'rethar +What evidence drove Prince Arthas to slaughter the people in Stratholme during the Third War? = Grain +Who is the current leader of the gnomish people? = Gelbin Mekkatorque +Malfurion Stormrage helped found this group which is the primary druidic organization of Azeroth = Cenarion Circle +The draenei like to joke that in the language of the naaru, the word Exodar has this meaning = Defective elekk turd +Thane Kurdran Wildhammer recently suffered a tragic loss when his valiant gryphon was killed in a fire. What was this gryphon's name? = Sky'ree +Before she was raised from the dead by Arthas to serve the Scourge, Sindragosa was a part of what dragonflight? = Blue +The Ironforge library features a replica of an unusually large ram's skeleton. What was the name of this legendary ram? = Toothgnasher +Name the titan lore-keeper who was a member of the elite Pantheon = Norgannon +What did the dragon aspects give the night elves after the War of the Ancients? = Nordrassil +Formerly a healthy paladin, this draenei fell ill after fighting the Burning Legion and becoming one of the Broken. He later became a powerful shaman. = Nobundo +Who were the three young twilight drakes guarding the twilight dragon eggs in the Obsidian Sanctum? = Shadron Tenebron Vesperon +What phrase means "Thank you" in Draconic, the language of the dragons? = Belan Shi +Before the original Horde formed, a highly contagious sickness began spreading rapidly among the orcs. What did the orcs call it? = Red pox +What is the highest rank bestowed on a druid? = Archdruid +Whose tomb includes the inscription "May the bloodied crown stay lost and forgotten"? = Terenas Menethil 2 diff --git a/lua/quiz/quiz.lua b/lua/quiz/quiz.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b585f7a5a --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/quiz/quiz.lua @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + + +quiz = {} -- object +q_dictionary = {} -- dictionary word=question +q_records_current = { } -- table with current player records +q_records_total = {} -- table with total player records +q_records_diff = {} -- table with current diffs + +-- counter of questions +local _q_question_counter = 0 +-- count of current question's hints +local _q_hint_counter = 0 +-- count of current question's hints +local _q_current_index = 0 +-- current hint +local _q_hint = nil +-- time when question was shown +local _q_time_start = 0 +-- last user streaks +local _q_streak = { username = nil, count = 0 } + +-- delay flag for next_question timer +local _q_next_question_skip_first = false + +function quiz:start(channelname, quizname) + local filename = q_directory() .. "/questions/" .. string.lower(quizname) .. ".txt" + + if not file_exists(filename) then + channel_send_message(config.quiz_channel, filename, message_type_error) + return false + end + + config.quiz_channel = channelname + + -- reset + _q_question_counter = 0 + _q_streak.username = nil + _q_streak.count = 0 + -- clear tables + table.clear(q_dictionary) + table.clear(q_records_current) + table.clear(q_records_diff) + -- table.clear(q_records_total) -- do not clear it, it should be cached + + -- load records (if it was not loaded yet) + q_load_records() + + -- fill dictionary from file + if file_load(filename, file_load_dictionary_callback, q_read_dictionary_callback) then + channel_send_message(config.quiz_channel, string.format("Quiz \"%s\" started!", quizname), message_type_error) + q_next_question() + end +end +function q_read_dictionary_callback(a, b) + table.insert(q_dictionary, { question = a, word = b }) +end + + +function quiz:stop(username) + + timer_del("q_hint") + timer_del("q_question") + + local output = nil + if username then + output = "Quiz stopped by "..username + else + output = "Quiz finished!" + end + channel_send_message(config.quiz_channel, output, message_type_error) + + -- display current records + if (q_records_current) and next(q_records_current) then + table.sort(q_records_current, q_compare_desc) + + channel_send_message(config.quiz_channel, "Records of this game:", message_type_info) + for i,t in pairs(q_records_current) do + channel_send_message(config.quiz_channel, string.format(" %d. %s [%d points]", i, t.username, t.points), message_type_info) + end + end + + -- merge current with total records + if (q_records_total) and next(q_records_total) then + for i,t in pairs(q_records_current) do + + -- steal points from players in total table accordingly with half points of current table players + if (config.quiz_competitive_mode) then + if q_records_total[i] and not (q_records_total[i].username == t.username) then + -- remove half points + local points = math.floor(t.points / 2) + q_records_diff[q_records_total[i].username] = points * -1 + q_records_total[i].points = q_records_total[i].points - points + -- avoid negative value + if q_records_total[i].points <= 0 then + q_records_total[i].points = 0 + end + end + end + + -- add non exist users from current to total table + -- and increase total users points + local idx = q_records_total_find(t.username) + -- set diff as winned points + local tusername = q_records_total[idx].username + q_records_diff[tusername] = t.points + + -- if user not found (new user with 0 points) + if q_records_total[idx].points == 0 then + q_records_total[idx].points = t.points + else + -- update diff if it was changed to negative + if q_records_diff[tusername] < 0 then + q_records_diff[tusername] = q_records_diff[tusername] + t.points + end + q_records_total[idx].points = q_records_total[idx].points + t.points + end + end + + -- sort by points + table.sort(q_records_total, q_compare_desc) + + quiz_display_top_players() + else + -- if records.txt is empty then save first records + q_records_total = q_records_current + end + q_save_records() + + config.quiz_channel = nil +end + + + + + +-- handle channel message +function quiz_handle_message(username, text) + + local q = q_dictionary[_q_current_index] + + if string.upper(q.word) == string.upper(text) then + -- time from question to unswer + local time_diff = os.clock() - _q_time_start + + local points, total = 0,0 + -- calc points + points = 1+(#q.word - _q_hint_counter) - math.floor(time_diff / config.quiz_hint_delay) + -- avoid negative value + if (points <= 0) then points = 1 end + + -- remember previous streak + local prev_streak = _q_streak + -- increase streaks + if (_q_streak.username == username) then + _q_streak.count = _q_streak.count + 1 + else + _q_streak.username = username + _q_streak.count = 0 + end + + local bonus = "" + -- add bonus points for streaks + if (_q_streak.count > 0) then + points = points + _q_streak.count + bonus = string.format(" +%s streak bonus", _q_streak.count) + end + + local idx = q_records_current_find(username) + total = q_records_current[idx].points + points + q_records_current[idx].points = total + + -- lose half points for previous user + if config.quiz_competitive_mode and not (prev_streak.username == username) then + local lose_points = math.floor(total / 2) + local idx = q_records_current_find(prev_streak.username) + q_records_current[idx].points = q_records_current[idx].points - lose_points + -- avoid negative value + if q_records_current[idx].points <= 0 then + q_records_current[idx].points = 0 + end + end + + channel_send_message(config.quiz_channel, string.format("%s is correct! The unswer is: %s (+%d points%s, %d total) [%d sec]", username, q.word, (points-_q_streak.count), bonus, total, time_diff), message_type_info) + + q_next_question() + end + +end + +-- go to next question +function q_next_question() + _q_question_counter = _q_question_counter + 1 + if (_q_question_counter > config.quiz_max_questions) then + quiz:stop() + return 0 + end + + timer_del("q_hint") + + _q_next_question_skip_first = false + timer_add("q_question", config.quiz_question_delay, q_tick_next_question) +end + +-- write random question +function q_tick_next_question(options) + -- skip first tick + if not _q_next_question_skip_first then + _q_next_question_skip_first = true + return 0 + end + _q_time_start = os.clock() + _q_current_index = math.random(#q_dictionary) + + local q = q_dictionary[_q_current_index] + -- send question + channel_send_message(config.quiz_channel, "--------------------------------------------------------", message_type_info) + channel_send_message(config.quiz_channel, string.format(" %s (%d letters)", q.question, #q.word), message_type_info) + + -- hide hint + _q_hint = q_hide_unswer(q.word) + + -- stop this timer + timer_del(options.id) + + _q_hint_counter = 0 + -- start timer to hint unswer + timer_add("q_hint", config.quiz_hint_delay, q_tick_hint_unswer) +end + +-- write hint for unswer +function q_tick_hint_unswer(options) + -- skip first tick + if _q_hint_counter == 0 then + _q_hint_counter = _q_hint_counter + 1 + return 0 + end + _q_hint_counter = _q_hint_counter + 1 + + local q = q_dictionary[_q_current_index] + -- update hint + _q_hint = q_show_next_symbol(_q_hint, q.word) + + if not (_q_hint == q.word) then + -- show hint + channel_send_message(config.quiz_channel, "Hint: ".._q_hint, message_type_info) + else + -- reset counter + _q_hint_counter = 0 + + -- show unswer + q_nounswer(nil) + end + +end + +-- nobody unswered +function q_nounswer(username) + channel_send_message(config.quiz_channel, 'Nobody unswered. The unswer was: '.._q_hint, message_type_info) + + -- decrease streaks + if (_q_streak.count > 0) then + _q_streak.count = _q_streak.count - 1 + end + + q_next_question() +end + + diff --git a/lua/quiz/records.lua b/lua/quiz/records.lua new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42d4948b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/lua/quiz/records.lua @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +--[[ + Copyright (C) 2014 HarpyWar (harpywar@gmail.com) + + This file is a part of the PvPGN Project http://pvpgn.pro + Licensed under the same terms as Lua itself. +]]-- + +-- Load total records from records.txt to table +function q_load_records() + local filename = q_directory() .. "/records.txt" + if not q_records_total or not next(q_records_total) then + -- fill records table + return file_load(filename, file_load_dictionary_callback, q_read_records_callback) + end + return true +end +function q_read_records_callback(a, b) + table.insert(q_records_total, { username = a, points = b }) +end + +-- Save total records from table to records.txt +function q_save_records() + local filename = q_directory() .. "/records.txt" + file_save2(filename, q_save_records_callback) +end +function q_save_records_callback(file) + if (q_records_total) and next(q_records_total) then + for i,t in pairs(q_records_total) do + file:write(t.username .. " = " .. t.points) + file:write("\n") + end + end +end + + +-- Print Top X players records +function quiz_display_top_players() + + local output = "Top " .. config.quiz_users_in_top .. " Quiz players:" + channel_send_message(config.quiz_channel, output, message_type_info) + + -- display TOP of total records + for i,t in pairs(q_records_total) do + if (i > config.quiz_users_in_top) then break end + + local diff = "" + if q_records_diff[t.username] then + if q_records_diff[t.username] < 0 then + diff = "(" .. q_records_diff[t.username] .. ")" -- minus points + elseif q_records_diff[t.username] > 0 then + diff = "(+" .. q_records_diff[t.username] .. ")" -- plus points + end + end + + local output = string.format(" %d. %s [%d points] %s", i, t.username, t.points, diff) + channel_send_message(config.quiz_channel, output, message_type_info) + end +end + +-- find username and return table index +-- preventnew - do not add user in table if it is not found +function q_records_current_find(username, preventnew) + -- find username + for i,t in pairs(q_records_current) do + if (t.username == username) then return i end + end + if preventnew then return nil end + + -- if not found then insert + table.insert(q_records_current, {username = username, points = 0}) + return #q_records_current +end + +-- find username and return table index +-- prevent_new = do not add user in table if it is not found +function q_records_total_find(username, prevent_new) + for i,t in pairs(q_records_total) do + if (t.username == username) then return i end + end + if prevent_new then return nil end + + -- if not found then insert + table.insert(q_records_total, {username = username, points = 0}) + return #q_records_total +end + + diff --git a/lua/quiz/records.txt b/lua/quiz/records.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e69de29bb