diff --git a/docs/html/topics/vcs-support.md b/docs/html/topics/vcs-support.md
index 70bb5beb9dc..d108f4d825d 100644
--- a/docs/html/topics/vcs-support.md
+++ b/docs/html/topics/vcs-support.md
@@ -139,9 +139,14 @@ option.
 pip looks at 2 fragments for VCS URLs:
 
 - `egg`: For specifying the "project name" for use in pip's dependency
-  resolution logic. eg: `egg=project_name`
+  resolution logic. e.g.: `egg=project_name`
+
+  The `egg` fragment **should** be a bare
+  [PEP 508](https://peps.python.org/pep-0508/) project name. Anything else
+  is not guaranteed to work.
+
 - `subdirectory`: For specifying the path to the Python package, when it is not
-  in the root of the VCS directory. eg: `pkg_dir`
+  in the root of the VCS directory. e.g.: `pkg_dir`
 
 ````{admonition} Example
 If your repository layout is:
diff --git a/news/10265.bugfix.rst b/news/10265.removal.rst
similarity index 100%
rename from news/10265.bugfix.rst
rename to news/10265.removal.rst
diff --git a/news/11617.bugfix.rst b/news/11617.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02346e49c42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/news/11617.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Deprecated a historical ambiguity in how ``egg`` fragments in URL-style
+requirements are formatted and handled. ``egg`` fragments that do not look
+like PEP 508 names now produce a deprecation warning.
diff --git a/src/pip/_internal/models/link.py b/src/pip/_internal/models/link.py
index c792d128bcf..c7c4b0e9b25 100644
--- a/src/pip/_internal/models/link.py
+++ b/src/pip/_internal/models/link.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     Union,
 )
 
+from pip._internal.utils.deprecation import deprecated
 from pip._internal.utils.filetypes import WHEEL_EXTENSION
 from pip._internal.utils.hashes import Hashes
 from pip._internal.utils.misc import (
@@ -166,6 +167,7 @@ class Link(KeyBasedCompareMixin):
         "dist_info_metadata",
         "link_hash",
         "cache_link_parsing",
+        "egg_fragment",
     ]
 
     def __init__(
@@ -229,6 +231,7 @@ def __init__(
         super().__init__(key=url, defining_class=Link)
 
         self.cache_link_parsing = cache_link_parsing
+        self.egg_fragment = self._egg_fragment()
 
     @classmethod
     def from_json(
@@ -358,12 +361,28 @@ def url_without_fragment(self) -> str:
 
     _egg_fragment_re = re.compile(r"[#&]egg=([^&]*)")
 
-    @property
-    def egg_fragment(self) -> Optional[str]:
+    # Per PEP 508.
+    _project_name_re = re.compile(
+        r"^([A-Z0-9]|[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9._-]*[A-Z0-9])$", re.IGNORECASE
+    )
+
+    def _egg_fragment(self) -> Optional[str]:
         match = self._egg_fragment_re.search(self._url)
         if not match:
             return None
-        return match.group(1)
+
+        # An egg fragment looks like a PEP 508 project name, along with
+        # an optional extras specifier. Anything else is invalid.
+        project_name = match.group(1)
+        if not self._project_name_re.match(project_name):
+            deprecated(
+                reason=f"{self} contains an egg fragment with a non-PEP 508 name",
+                replacement="to use the req @ url syntax, and remove the egg fragment",
+                gone_in="25.0",
+                issue=11617,
+            )
+
+        return project_name
 
     _subdirectory_fragment_re = re.compile(r"[#&]subdirectory=([^&]*)")
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_link.py b/tests/unit/test_link.py
index 99ed0aba76e..df4957d5974 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_link.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_link.py
@@ -80,6 +80,37 @@ def test_fragments(self) -> None:
         assert "eggname" == Link(url).egg_fragment
         assert "subdir" == Link(url).subdirectory_fragment
 
+        # Extras are supported and preserved in the egg fragment,
+        # even the empty extras specifier.
+        # This behavior is deprecated and will change in pip 25.
+        url = "git+https://example.com/package#egg=eggname[extra]"
+        assert "eggname[extra]" == Link(url).egg_fragment
+        assert None is Link(url).subdirectory_fragment
+        url = "git+https://example.com/package#egg=eggname[extra1,extra2]"
+        assert "eggname[extra1,extra2]" == Link(url).egg_fragment
+        assert None is Link(url).subdirectory_fragment
+        url = "git+https://example.com/package#egg=eggname[]"
+        assert "eggname[]" == Link(url).egg_fragment
+        assert None is Link(url).subdirectory_fragment
+
+    @pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Behavior change scheduled for 25.0", strict=True)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "fragment",
+        [
+            # Package names in egg fragments must be in PEP 508 form.
+            "~invalid~package~name~",
+            # Version specifiers are not valid in egg fragments.
+            "eggname==1.2.3",
+            "eggname>=1.2.3",
+            # The extras specifier must be in PEP 508 form.
+            "eggname[!]",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_invalid_egg_fragments(self, fragment: str) -> None:
+        url = f"git+https://example.com/package#egg={fragment}"
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            Link(url)
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "yanked_reason, expected",
         [