diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/index.ts
index 7f904bc17bccc6..8bf99736c7ae62 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/index.ts
@@ -707,7 +707,8 @@ export async function addManuallyIncludedOptimizeDeps(
     const resolve = config.createResolver({
       asSrc: false,
       scan: true,
-      ssrOptimizeCheck: ssr
+      ssrOptimizeCheck: ssr,
+      ssrConfig: config.ssr
     })
     for (const id of [...optimizeDepsInclude, ...extra]) {
       // normalize 'foo   >bar` as 'foo > bar' to prevent same id being added
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
index c436f0837386c1..ae612148769960 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
@@ -800,11 +800,11 @@ export function tryNodeResolve(
     : OPTIMIZABLE_ENTRY_RE.test(resolved)
 
   let exclude = depsOptimizer?.options.exclude
-  let include = depsOptimizer?.options.exclude
+  let include = depsOptimizer?.options.include
   if (options.ssrOptimizeCheck) {
     // we don't have the depsOptimizer
     exclude = options.ssrConfig?.optimizeDeps?.exclude
-    include = options.ssrConfig?.optimizeDeps?.exclude
+    include = options.ssrConfig?.optimizeDeps?.include
   }
 
   const skipOptimization =
@@ -813,7 +813,10 @@ export function tryNodeResolve(
     exclude?.includes(pkgId) ||
     exclude?.includes(nestedPath) ||
     SPECIAL_QUERY_RE.test(resolved) ||
-    (!isBuild && ssr) ||
+    // During dev SSR, we don't have a way to reload the module graph if
+    // a non-optimized dep is found. So we need to skip optimization here.
+    // The only optimized deps are the ones explicitly listed in the config.
+    (!options.ssrOptimizeCheck && !isBuild && ssr) ||
     // Only optimize non-external CJS deps during SSR by default
     (ssr &&
       !isCJS &&