From e8da4a10ce875282f0857f4983da00e1f38af93c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: David Carlisle Date: Sat, 26 Feb 2022 10:18:02 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] add link to (unversioned) mathml rec, general reformat --- index.html | 1250 ++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------- 1 file changed, 581 insertions(+), 669 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index afe134f6..1c24b144 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -1,684 +1,596 @@ - - - Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 4.0 - - - - -
-

- This specification defines the Mathematical Markup Language, or - MathML. MathML is a markup language - for describing mathematical notation and capturing - both its structure and content. The goal of MathML is to enable - mathematics to be served, received, and processed on the World Wide - Web, just as [[HTML]] has - enabled this functionality for text. - -

-

- This specification of the markup language MathML is intended - primarily for a readership consisting of those who will be - developing or implementing renderers or editors using it, or - software that will communicate using MathML as a protocol for input - or output. It is not a User's Guide but rather a - reference document. - -

-

- MathML can be used to encode both mathematical notation and - mathematical content. About thirty-eight of the MathML tags describe - abstract notational structures, while another about one hundred and - seventy provide a way of unambiguously specifying the intended - meaning of an expression. Additional chapters discuss how the MathML - content and presentation elements interact, and how MathML renderers - might be implemented and should interact with browsers. Finally, - this document addresses the issue of special characters used for - mathematics, their handling in MathML, their presence in Unicode, - and their relation to fonts. - -

-

- While MathML is human-readable, authors typically will - use equation editors, conversion - programs, and other specialized software tools to generate - MathML. Several versions of such MathML tools exist, - both freely available software and commercial - products, and more are under development. - -

-

MathML was originally specified as an XML application and most of the - examples in this specification assume that syntax. Other syntaxes are possible most - notably - [[HTML5]] specifies the syntax for MathML in HTML. Unless explictly noted, - the examples in this specification are also valid HTML syntax. -

-
-
-

This document is an editors' copy that has no official standing. (Date: 2020-10-01)

-

This section describes the status of this document at the time - of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A - list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this - technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at - https://www.w3.org/TR/. - -

-

- This document is currently mostly a copy of the MathML 3 spec. It exists as a starting point for a MathML 4 spec. -

-

For MathML 4, the MathML refresh community group plans to split the current MathML 3 spec into three separate documents:

- -

MathML core is a distillation of the commonly used parts of MathML, rewritten to align with current W3C standards such as HTML and CSS. The full MathML spec maintains (mostly) backward compatibility with MathML 3. Examples of elements in MathML core include the elements for fractions, roots, scripts, limits, rows, and token elements (identifiers, numbers, operators, etc). Problematic, harder to implement, and less commonly used MathML features will make use of polyfills (likely via in part using Shadow DOM) to implement these features. Examples of features left out of MathML core but part of full MathML are mfenced, menclose, the elementary math elements, and linebreaking. Some features such as linebreaking will likely be part of a MathML Core Level 2 recommendation in the future. + + + Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 4.0 + + + + +

+

+ This specification defines the Mathematical Markup Language, or + MathML. MathML is a markup language + for describing mathematical notation and capturing + both its structure and content. The goal of MathML is to enable + mathematics to be served, received, and processed on the World Wide + Web, just as [[HTML]] has + enabled this functionality for text. +

+

+ This specification of the markup language MathML is intended + primarily for a readership consisting of those who will be + developing or implementing renderers or editors using it, or + software that will communicate using MathML as a protocol for input + or output. It is not a User's Guide but rather a + reference document. +

+

+ MathML can be used to encode both mathematical notation and + mathematical content. About thirty-eight of the MathML tags describe + abstract notational structures, while another about one hundred and + seventy provide a way of unambiguously specifying the intended + meaning of an expression. Additional chapters discuss how the MathML + content and presentation elements interact, and how MathML renderers + might be implemented and should interact with browsers. Finally, + this document addresses the issue of special characters used for + mathematics, their handling in MathML, their presence in Unicode, + and their relation to fonts. +

+

+ While MathML is human-readable, authors typically will + use equation editors, conversion + programs, and other specialized software tools to generate + MathML. Several versions of such MathML tools exist, + both freely available software and commercial + products, and more are under development.

+

MathML was originally specified as an XML application and most of the + examples in this specification assume that syntax. Other syntaxes are possible most + notably + [[HTML5]] specifies the syntax for MathML in HTML. Unless explictly noted, + the examples in this specification are also valid HTML syntax. +

+
+
+

This document is an editors' copy that has no official standing. (Date: 2020-10-01)

+

This section describes the status of this document at the time + of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A + list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this + technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at + https://www.w3.org/TR/.

+

+ This document is currently mostly a copy of the MathML 3 spec. It exists as a starting point for a MathML 4 spec. +

+

For MathML 4, the MathML refresh community group plans to split the current MathML 3 spec into three separate documents:

+ +

MathML core is a distillation of the commonly used parts of MathML, rewritten to align with current W3C standards such as HTML and CSS. The full MathML spec maintains (mostly) backward compatibility with MathML 3. Examples of elements in MathML core include the elements for fractions, roots, scripts, limits, rows, and token elements (identifiers, numbers, operators, etc). Problematic, harder to implement, and less commonly used MathML features will make use of polyfills (likely via in part using Shadow DOM) to implement these features. Examples of features left out of MathML core but part of full MathML are mfenced, menclose, the elementary math elements, and linebreaking. Some features such as linebreaking will likely be part of a MathML Core Level 2 recommendation in the future. +

+

MathML 3 is a very lengthy spec. We expect the Full MathML 4 document to be considerably shorter because we intend to pull most of the informative sections into a notes document. Additionally, much of chapter on presentation MathML concerns layout, and the full spec will reference MathML Core for details on layout. +

+

+ The changes to the MathML 3 spec have yet to be made. However, many changes are a result of the above decision to split the spec into three parts. Hence we expect MathML Full to alter the MathML 3 spec in the following ways: +

+
    +
  • Chapter 1 is mostly informative information. It will likely be shortened or eliminated, with the existing content potentially moved to a notes document.
    • +
  • Chapter 2 discusses the syntax and grammar of MathML along with the math element. It will likely have a similar structure to that of MathML 3. The committee is discussing adding some semantic disambiguation to presentation MathML, and a new "subject" attribute (name not finalized) might be added to give some context to the math.
    • +
  • Chapter 3 covers presentation MathML. This chapter will likely be significantly smaller. Much of the content will point to MathML core for a description of the layout and attributes allowed. There will be a general discussion of the relationship between MathML Full's presentation element and MathML Core's rules: MathML Full is meant to be used in situations outside of the web also, so we need to allow for none CSS-based rendering. The chapter will still include material about appropriate markup (what should be an mi, mo, mn, ...) along with a description of those elements not in MathML core. It will also likely include an "intent" attribute to help disambiguate meaning when the meaning of the presentation is not the default meaning in the context of the optional subject area.
    • +
  • Chapter 4 is about Content MathML. At this time, there are no plans to revise Content MathML and the chapter will likely be relatively unchanged.
    • +
  • Chapter 5 discusses mixing presentation and content markup to give meaning to presentation MathML or to give a presentation to content MathML. This is somewhat complicated and rarely used. It is informative and will move to the notes document. The MathML refresh CG feels the "subject" and "intent" attributes will likely replace this method. Those will be discussed in chapter 3. Hence, this chapter will be eliminated from the MathML Full spec.
    • +
  • Chapters 6 and 7 contain very useful informative information on interacting with HTML, XML, etc., along with usage suggestions and warnings about specific characters. Because these are informative, these two chapters will be removed from the MathML Full spec and move to the notes.
    • +
  • The MathML 3 spec has several appendices. No decisions on how they will be handled in the MathML 4 spec have been made yet.
    • +
+
+

+ The remainder of this document has not been updated to MathML 4. +

+
+

+ This document was produced by the W3C Math Working Group as + a Recommendation + and is part of the + W3C Math Activity. + The goals of the W3C Math Working Group are discussed in the W3C Math WG + Charter (revised July 2006). The authors of this document are + the W3C Math Working Group members. A list of participants in the W3C Math Working Group + is available.

+

This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software + developers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and is + endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable + document and may be used as reference material or cited from another + document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention + to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This + enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web. +

+

+ All reported errata to + the first edition have been addressed in this addition, and a full change log appears + in + Appendix F Changes. The diff-marked version linked in the frontmatter highlights all changes between + the first and second editions. In addition to incorporating errata, the main change + in this addition is to recognise that MathML parsing is also specified in [HTML5] and where necessary to note where HTML and XML usage differ.

+

+ The Working Group maintains a comprehensive + Test Suite. This + is publicly available and developers are encouraged to submit their results for display. + The Test Results + are public. They show at least two interoperable implementations for each + essential test. Further details may be found in the + Implementation Report. +

+

+ The MathML 2.0 (Second Edition) specification has been a W3C + Recommendation since 2001. After its + recommendation, a W3C Math Interest Group collected + reports of experience + with the deployment of MathML and identified issues with MathML that + might be ameliorated. The rechartering of a Math Working Group + did not signal any change in the overall design of MathML. + The major additions in MathML 3 are support for + bidirectional layout, better linebreaking and explicit positioning, + elementary math notations, and a new strict content MathML vocabulary + with well-defined semantics. The MathML 3 Specification has also been + restructured.

+

This document was produced by a group operating under + the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains a + public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with + the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions + for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of + a patent which the individual believes contains + Essential Claim(s) + must disclose the information in accordance with + section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy. +

+

Public discussion of MathML and issues of support through the W3C + for mathematics on the Web takes place on the public mailing list of the Math Working + Group (list archives). + To subscribe send an email to www-math-request@w3.org + with the word subscribe in the subject line. + Alternatively, report an issue at this specification's + GitHub repository.

+

+ The basic chapter structure of this document is based on the earlier + MathML 2.0 Recommendation [MathML2]. That MathML 2.0 + itself was a revision of the earlier W3C Recommendation MathML 1.01 + [MathML1]; MathML 3.0 is a revision of the W3C + Recommendation MathML 2.0. It differs from it in that all previous + chapters have been updated, some new + elements and attributes added and some + deprecated. + Much has been moved to separate documents containing explanatory + material, material on characters and entities and on the MathML DOM. + The discussion of character entities has led to the document + XML Entity Definitions for Characters [Entities], + which is now a W3C Recommendation. The concern with + use of CSS with MathML has led to the document A MathML for CSS Profile + [MathMLforCSS], which was a W3C Recommendation + accompanying MathML 3.0. +

+

+ The biggest differences from MathML 2.0 (Second Edition) are in Chapters 4 and 5, + although there have been + smaller improvements throughout the specification. A more detailed + description of changes from the previous Recommendation follows.

+
    +
  • +

    + Much of the non-normative explication + that formerly was found in Chapters 1 and 2, and many examples from + elsewhere in the previous MathML specifications, were removed + from the MathML3 specification and planned to be incorporated into a MathML Primer + to be prepared as a separate document. It is expected this will help + the use of this formal MathML3 specification as a reference document + in implementations, and offer the new user better help in + understanding MathML's deployment. The remaining content of Chapters 1 + and 2 has been edited to reflect the changes elsewhere in the + document, and in the rapidly evolving Web environment. Some of the + text in them went back to early days of the Web and XML, and its + explanations are now commonplace.

    +
    • +
  • +

    + Chapter 3, on presentation-oriented markup, adds new material on linebreaking, + and on markup for elementary math notations used in many + countries (mstack, mlongdiv and other + associated elements). Other changes include revisions to + the mglyph, mpadded and maction + elements and significant unification and cleanup of attribute + values. + Earlier work, as recorded in the W3C Note Arabic + mathematical notation, has allowed clarification of the + relationship with bidirectional text and examples + with RTL text have been added.

    +
    • +
  • +

    + Chapter 4, on content-oriented markup, contains major changes and additions. + The meaning of the actual content remains as before in principle, + but a lot of work has been done on expressing it better. A few new elements have been + added.

    -

    MathML 3 is a very lengthy spec. We expect the Full MathML 4 document to be considerably shorter because we intend to pull most of the informative sections into a notes document. Additionally, much of chapter on presentation MathML concerns layout, and the full spec will reference MathML Core for details on layout. -

    -

    - The changes to the MathML 3 spec have yet to be made. However, many changes are a result of the above decision to split the spec into three parts. Hence we expect MathML Full to alter the MathML 3 spec in the following ways: -

    -
      -
    • Chapter 1 is mostly informative information. It will likely be shortened or eliminated, with the existing content potentially moved to a notes document.
      • -
    • Chapter 2 discusses the syntax and grammar of MathML along with the math element. It will likely have a similar structure to that of MathML 3. The committee is discussing adding some semantic disambiguation to presentation MathML, and a new "subject" attribute (name not finalized) might be added to give some context to the math.
      • -
    • Chapter 3 covers presentation MathML. This chapter will likely be significantly smaller. Much of the content will point to MathML core for a description of the layout and attributes allowed. There will be a general discussion of the relationship between MathML Full's presentation element and MathML Core's rules: MathML Full is meant to be used in situations outside of the web also, so we need to allow for none CSS-based rendering. The chapter will still include material about appropriate markup (what should be an mi, mo, mn, ...) along with a description of those elements not in MathML core. It will also likely include an "intent" attribute to help disambiguate meaning when the meaning of the presentation is not the default meaning in the context of the optional subject area.
      • -
    • Chapter 4 is about Content MathML. At this time, there are no plans to revise Content MathML and the chapter will likely be relatively unchanged.
      • -
    • Chapter 5 discusses mixing presentation and content markup to give meaning to presentation MathML or to give a presentation to content MathML. This is somewhat complicated and rarely used. It is informative and will move to the notes document. The MathML refresh CG feels the "subject" and "intent" attributes will likely replace this method. Those will be discussed in chapter 3. Hence, this chapter will be eliminated from the MathML Full spec.
      • -
    • Chapters 6 and 7 contain very useful informative information on interacting with HTML, XML, etc., along with usage suggestions and warnings about specific characters. Because these are informative, these two chapters will be removed from the MathML Full spec and move to the notes.
      • -
    • The MathML 3 spec has several appendices. No decisions on how they will be handled in the MathML 4 spec have been made yet.
      • -
    -
    -

    - The remainder of this document has not been updated to MathML 4. -

    -
    -

    - This document was produced by the W3C Math Working Group as - a Recommendation - and is part of the - W3C Math Activity. - The goals of the W3C Math Working Group are discussed in the W3C Math WG - Charter (revised July 2006). The authors of this document are - the W3C Math Working Group members. A list of participants in the W3C Math Working Group - is available. - -

    -

    This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software - developers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and is - endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable - document and may be used as reference material or cited from another - document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention - to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This - enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web. -

    -

    - All reported errata to - the first edition have been addressed in this addition, and a full change log appears - in - Appendix F Changes. The diff-marked version linked in the frontmatter highlights all changes between - the first and second editions. In addition to incorporating errata, the main change - in this addition is to recognise that MathML parsing is also specified in [HTML5] and where necessary to note where HTML and XML usage differ. - -

    -

    - The Working Group maintains a comprehensive - Test Suite. This - is publicly available and developers are encouraged to submit their results for display. - - The Test Results - are public. They show at least two interoperable implementations for each - essential test. Further details may be found in the - Implementation Report. -

    -

    - The MathML 2.0 (Second Edition) specification has been a W3C - Recommendation since 2001. After its - recommendation, a W3C Math Interest Group collected - reports of experience - with the deployment of MathML and identified issues with MathML that - might be ameliorated. The rechartering of a Math Working Group - did not signal any change in the overall design of MathML. - The major additions in MathML 3 are support for - bidirectional layout, better linebreaking and explicit positioning, - elementary math notations, and a new strict content MathML vocabulary - with well-defined semantics. The MathML 3 Specification has also been - restructured. - -

    -

    This document was produced by a group operating under - the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains a - public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with - the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions - for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of - a patent which the individual believes contains - Essential Claim(s) - must disclose the information in accordance with - section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy. -

    -

    Public discussion of MathML and issues of support through the W3C - for mathematics on the Web takes place on the public mailing list of the Math Working - Group (list archives). - To subscribe send an email to www-math-request@w3.org - with the word subscribe in the subject line. - Alternatively, report an issue at this specification's - GitHub repository. - -

    -

    - The basic chapter structure of this document is based on the earlier - MathML 2.0 Recommendation [MathML2]. That MathML 2.0 - itself was a revision of the earlier W3C Recommendation MathML 1.01 - [MathML1]; MathML 3.0 is a revision of the W3C - Recommendation MathML 2.0. It differs from it in that all previous - chapters have been updated, some new - elements and attributes added and some - deprecated. - Much has been moved to separate documents containing explanatory - material, material on characters and entities and on the MathML DOM. - The discussion of character entities has led to the document - XML Entity Definitions for Characters [Entities], - which is now a W3C Recommendation. The concern with - use of CSS with MathML has led to the document A MathML for CSS Profile - [MathMLforCSS], which was a W3C Recommendation - accompanying MathML 3.0. - - -

    -

    - The biggest differences from MathML 2.0 (Second Edition) are in Chapters 4 and 5, - although there have been - smaller improvements throughout the specification. A more detailed - description of changes from the previous Recommendation follows. - -

    -
      -
    • -

      - Much of the non-normative explication - that formerly was found in Chapters 1 and 2, and many examples from - elsewhere in the previous MathML specifications, were removed - from the MathML3 specification and planned to be incorporated into a MathML Primer - to be prepared as a separate document. It is expected this will help - the use of this formal MathML3 specification as a reference document - in implementations, and offer the new user better help in - understanding MathML's deployment. The remaining content of Chapters 1 - and 2 has been edited to reflect the changes elsewhere in the - document, and in the rapidly evolving Web environment. Some of the - text in them went back to early days of the Web and XML, and its - explanations are now commonplace. - -

      -
      • -
    • -

      - Chapter 3, on presentation-oriented markup, adds new material on linebreaking, - and on markup for elementary math notations used in many - countries (mstack, mlongdiv and other - associated elements). Other changes include revisions to - the mglyph, mpadded and maction - elements and significant unification and cleanup of attribute - values. - Earlier work, as recorded in the W3C Note Arabic - mathematical notation, has allowed clarification of the - relationship with bidirectional text and examples - with RTL text have been added. - -

      -
      • -
    • -

      - Chapter 4, on content-oriented markup, contains major changes and additions. - The meaning of the actual content remains as before in principle, - but a lot of work has been done on expressing it better. A few new elements have been - added. - -

      -
      • -
    • -

      - Chapter 5 has been refined as its purpose has been further - clarified to deal with the mixing of markup languages. This chapter deals, - in particular, with interrelations of parts of the - MathML specification, especially with presentation and content - markup. - -

      -
      • -
    • -

      - Chapter 6 is a new addition which deals with the issues of interaction - of MathML with a host environment. This chapter deals with interrelations - of the MathML specification with XML and HTML, but in the context of deployment - on the Web. In particular there is a discussion of the interaction of CSS - with MathML. - -

      -
      • -
    • -

      - Chapter 7 replaces the previous Chapter 6, and has been rewritten - and reorganized to reflect the new - situation in regard to Unicode, and the changed - W3C context with regard to named character entities. The - new W3C specification XML Entity Definitions for - Characters, which incorporates those used for mathematics has - become a a W3C Recommendation, [Entities]. -

      -
      • -
    • -

      - The Appendices, of which there are eight shown, have been - reworked. - Appendix A now contains the new RelaxNG schema - for MathML3 as well as discussion of MathML3 DTD issues. - Appendix B addresses media types associated with MathML and - implicitly constitutes a request for the registration of three new ones, - as is now standard for work from the W3C. - Appendix C contains a new simplified and reconsidered Operator Dictionary. - Appendices D, E, F, G and H contain similar non-normative material to - that in the previous specification, now appropriately updated. - -

      -
      • -
    • -

      - A fuller discussion of the document's evolution can be found in - Appendix F Changes. - -

      -
      • -
    - -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+ +
  • +

    + Chapter 5 has been refined as its purpose has been further + clarified to deal with the mixing of markup languages. This chapter deals, + in particular, with interrelations of parts of the + MathML specification, especially with presentation and content + markup. +

    +
    • +
  • +

    + Chapter 6 is a new addition which deals with the issues of interaction + of MathML with a host environment. This chapter deals with interrelations + of the MathML specification with XML and HTML, but in the context of deployment + on the Web. In particular there is a discussion of the interaction of CSS + with MathML. +

    +
    • +
  • +

    + Chapter 7 replaces the previous Chapter 6, and has been rewritten + and reorganized to reflect the new + situation in regard to Unicode, and the changed + W3C context with regard to named character entities. The + new W3C specification XML Entity Definitions for + Characters, which incorporates those used for mathematics has + become a a W3C Recommendation, [Entities]. +

    +
    • +
  • +

    + The Appendices, of which there are eight shown, have been + reworked. + Appendix A now contains the new RelaxNG schema + for MathML3 as well as discussion of MathML3 DTD issues. + Appendix B addresses media types associated with MathML and + implicitly constitutes a request for the registration of three new ones, + as is now standard for work from the W3C. + Appendix C contains a new simplified and reconsidered Operator Dictionary. + Appendices D, E, F, G and H contain similar non-normative material to + that in the previous specification, now appropriately updated. +

    +
    • +
  • +

    + A fuller discussion of the document's evolution can be found in + Appendix F Changes. +

    +
    • + +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    - -
    + +

    Parsing MathML

    -
    - - - +
    +
    -

    Using the RelaxNG Schema for Mathml4

    - - -

    MathML documents should be validated using the RelaxNG Schema for MathML, either in - the XML encoding (http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4.rng) - or in compact notation (http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4.rnc) - which is also shown below.

    - - -

    In contrast to DTDs there is no in-document method to associate a RelaxNG schema with - a document.

    - - - -

    We provide five RelaxNG schema for Mathml4 in five parts: -

    -
      - -
    • -

      The grammar for full MathML

      -
      • - -
    • -

      The grammar for elements common to Content and Presentation

      -
      • - -
    • -

      The grammar for Presentation MathML

      -
      • - -
    • -

      The grammar for Strict Content MathML

      -
      • - -
    • -

      The grammar for Content Mathml4

      -
      • -
    - - -
    -

    Full MathML

    - - - -

    The RelaxNG schema for full MathML builds on the schema describing the various parts - of the language which are given in the following sections. It can be found at http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4.rnc.

    - - 
    
-         
    
-      
-      
-      
    
-         
    Elements Common to Presentation and Content MathML
    
-         
-         
-         
-         
    
-         
    
-      
-      
-      
-      
    
-         
    The Grammar for Presentation MathML
    
-         
-         
-         
-         
    
-         
-         
    
-      
-      
-      
    
-         
    The Grammar for Strict Content Mathml4
    
-         
-         
-         
-         
    The grammar for Strict Content Mathml4 can be found at http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4-strict-content.rnc.
    
-         
-         
    
-         
    
-      
-      
-      
-      
    
-         
    The Grammar for Content MathML
    
-         
-         
-         
-         
    The grammar for Content Mathml4 builds on the grammar for the Strict Content MathML
-            subset, and can be found at http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4-content.rnc.
    
-         
-         
    
-         
-         
    
-      
-      
-      
    
-         
    MathML as a module in a RelaxNG Schema
    
-         
-         
-         
    Normally, a MathML expression does not constitute an entire XML document. MathML is
-            designed to be used as the mathematics fragment of larger markup languages. In
-            particular it is designed to be used as a module in documents marked up
-            with the XHTML family of markup languages. As RelaxNG directly supports modular
-            development, this is usually very easy: an XHTML+MathML schema can be specified as
-            simply as
-            
-            
    
-               
    # A RelaxNG Schema for  XHTML+MathML
-include "xhtml.rnc"
-math = external "mathml4.rnc"
-Inline.class |= math
-Block.class |= math
    
-            
    
-            
-            assuming that we have access to a modular RelaxNG schema for XHTML that uses
-            Inline.class and Block.class to collect the the content models
-            for inline and block-level elements.
    
-         
-         
-         
    Customizing the Mathml4 schema so that we can restrict the content of
-            annotation-xml elements is similarly simple, for example:
-            
-            
-            
    
-               
    # A RelaxNG Schema for MathML with OpenMath3 annotations
-omobj = external "openmath3.rnc" 
-include "mathml4.rnc" {anotation-xml.model = omobj}
    
-            
    
-            
    
-         
-         
    
-            The Mathml4 schema is organized so that subsetting to one of the sublanguages specified
-            here is easy.
-            To include strict content Mathml4 in a schema just include
-            
-            
    
-               
    include "mathml4-common.rnc"
-include "mathml4-strict-content.rnc"
    
-            
    
-            instead of include mathml4.rnc.
-            
    
-         
-         
-         
    For details about RelaxNG grammars and modularization see [[RELAX-NG]] or [[RelaxNGBook]].
    
-         
-         
    
-      
    
-
    
-      
    Using the RelaxNG Schema for Mathml4
    
-      
-      
-      
    MathML documents should be validated using the RelaxNG Schema for MathML, either in
-         the XML encoding (http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4.rng)
-         or in compact notation (http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4.rnc)
-         which is also shown below.
    
-      
-      
-      
    In contrast to DTDs there is no in-document method to associate a RelaxNG schema with
-         a document.
    
-      
-      
-      
-      
    We provide five RelaxNG schema for Mathml4 in five parts:
-         
    
-      
      
-         
-         
    • 
-            
      The grammar for full MathML
      
-         
      • 
-         
-         
    • 
-            
      The grammar for elements common to Content and Presentation
      
-         
      • 
-         
-         
    • 
-            
      The grammar for Presentation MathML
      
-         
      • 
-         
-         
    • 
-            
      The grammar for Strict Content MathML
      
-         
      • 
-         
-         
    • 
-            
      The grammar for Content Mathml4
      
-         
      • 
-         
    
-      
-      
-      
    
-         
    Full MathML
    
-         
-         
-         
-         
    The RelaxNG schema for full MathML builds on the schema describing the various parts
-            of the language which are given in the following sections. It can be found at http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4.rnc.
    
-         
-         
    
-         
    
-      
-      
-      
    
-         
    Elements Common to Presentation and Content MathML
    
-         
-         
-         
-         
    
-         
    
-      
-      
-      
-      
    
-         
    The Grammar for Presentation MathML
    
-         
-         
-         
-         
    
-         
-         
    
-      
-      
-      
    
-         
    The Grammar for Strict Content Mathml4
    
-         
-         
-         
-         
    The grammar for Strict Content Mathml4 can be found at http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4-strict-content.rnc.
    
-         
-         
    
-         
    
-      
-      
-      
-      
    
-         
    The Grammar for Content MathML
    
-         
-         
-         
-         
    The grammar for Content Mathml4 builds on the grammar for the Strict Content MathML
-            subset, and can be found at http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4-content.rnc.
    
-         
-         
    
-         
-         
    
-      
-      
-      
    
-         
    MathML as a module in a RelaxNG Schema
    
-         
-         
-         
    Normally, a MathML expression does not constitute an entire XML document. MathML is
-            designed to be used as the mathematics fragment of larger markup languages. In
-            particular it is designed to be used as a module in documents marked up
-            with the XHTML family of markup languages. As RelaxNG directly supports modular
-            development, this is usually very easy: an XHTML+MathML schema can be specified as
-            simply as
-            
-            
    
-               
    # A RelaxNG Schema for  XHTML+MathML
-include "xhtml.rnc"
-math = external "mathml4.rnc"
-Inline.class |= math
-Block.class |= math
    
-            
    
-            
-            assuming that we have access to a modular RelaxNG schema for XHTML that uses
-            Inline.class and Block.class to collect the the content models
-            for inline and block-level elements.
    
-         
-         
-         
    Customizing the Mathml4 schema so that we can restrict the content of
-            annotation-xml elements is similarly simple, for example:
-            
-            
-            
    
-               
    # A RelaxNG Schema for MathML with OpenMath3 annotations
-omobj = external "openmath3.rnc" 
-include "mathml4.rnc" {anotation-xml.model = omobj}
    
-            
    
-            
    
-         
-         
    
-            The Mathml4 schema is organized so that subsetting to one of the sublanguages specified
-            here is easy.
-            To include strict content Mathml4 in a schema just include
-            
-            
    
-               
    include "mathml4-common.rnc"
-include "mathml4-strict-content.rnc"
    
-            
    
-            instead of include mathml4.rnc.
-            
    
-         
-         
-         
    For details about RelaxNG grammars and modularization see [[RELAX-NG]] or [[RelaxNGBook]].
    
-         
-         
    
-      
    
-   
-     
    
+    
    Using the RelaxNG Schema for Mathml4
    
+    
+    
    MathML documents should be validated using the RelaxNG Schema for MathML, either in
+    the XML encoding (http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4.rng)
+    or in compact notation (http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4.rnc)
+    which is also shown below.
    
+    
+    
    In contrast to DTDs there is no in-document method to associate a RelaxNG schema with
+    a document.
    
+    
+    
    We provide five RelaxNG schema for Mathml4 in five parts:
+    
    
+    
      
+     
    • 
+      
      The grammar for full MathML
      
+     
      • 
+     
    • 
+      
      The grammar for elements common to Content and Presentation
      
+     
      • 
+     
    • 
+      
      The grammar for Presentation MathML
      
+     
      • 
+     
    • 
+      
      The grammar for Strict Content MathML
      
+     
      • 
+     
    • 
+      
      The grammar for Content Mathml4
      
+     
      • 
+    
    
+    
+    
    
+     
    Full MathML
    
+     
+     
    The RelaxNG schema for full MathML builds on the schema describing the various parts
+     of the language which are given in the following sections. It can be found at http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4.rnc.
    
+     
+     
    
     
    
+    
+    
    
+     
    Elements Common to Presentation and Content MathML
    
+     
+     
    
+    
    
+    
+    
    
+     
    The Grammar for Presentation MathML
    
+     
+     
    
 
-
+    
    
+    
+    
    
+     
    The Grammar for Strict Content Mathml4
    
+     
+     
    The grammar for Strict Content Mathml4 can be found at http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4-strict-content.rnc.
    
+     
+     
    
+    
    
+    
+    
+    
    
+     
    The Grammar for Content MathML
    
+     
+     
    The grammar for Content Mathml4 builds on the grammar for the Strict Content MathML
+     subset, and can be found at http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4-content.rnc.
    
+     
+     
    
+     
+    
    
     
-    
    
-    
    
-    
    
-    
    
-    
    
-    
    
+    
    
+     
    MathML as a module in a RelaxNG Schema
    
+     
+     
    Normally, a MathML expression does not constitute an entire XML document. MathML is
+     designed to be used as the mathematics fragment of larger markup languages. In
+     particular it is designed to be used as a module in documents marked up
+     with the XHTML family of markup languages. As RelaxNG directly supports modular
+     development, this is usually very easy: an XHTML+MathML schema can be specified as
+     simply as
+     
+     
    
+      
    # A RelaxNG Schema for  XHTML+MathML
+      include "xhtml.rnc"
+      math = external "mathml4.rnc"
+      Inline.class |= math
+      Block.class |= math
    
+     
    
+     
+     assuming that we have access to a modular RelaxNG schema for XHTML that uses
+     Inline.class and Block.class to collect the the content models
+     for inline and block-level elements.
    
+     
+     
    Customizing the Mathml4 schema so that we can restrict the content of
+     annotation-xml elements is similarly simple, for example:
+     
+     
    
+      
    # A RelaxNG Schema for MathML with OpenMath3 annotations
+      omobj = external "openmath3.rnc" 
+      include "mathml4.rnc" {anotation-xml.model = omobj}
    
+     
    
+     
    
+     
+     
    
+      The Mathml4 schema is organized so that subsetting to one of the sublanguages specified
+      here is easy.
+      To include strict content Mathml4 in a schema just include
+      
+      
    
+       
    include "mathml4-common.rnc"
+       include "mathml4-strict-content.rnc"
    
+      
    
+      instead of include mathml4.rnc.
+     
    
+     
+     
    For details about RelaxNG grammars and modularization see [[RELAX-NG]] or [[RelaxNGBook]].
    
+     
+    
    
+   
    
+   
    
+    
    Using the RelaxNG Schema for Mathml4
    
+    
+    
    MathML documents should be validated using the RelaxNG Schema for MathML, either in
+    the XML encoding (http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4.rng)
+    or in compact notation (http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4.rnc)
+    which is also shown below.
    
+    
+    
    In contrast to DTDs there is no in-document method to associate a RelaxNG schema with
+    a document.
    
+    
+    
    We provide five RelaxNG schema for Mathml4 in five parts:
+    
    
+    
      
+     
    • 
+      
      The grammar for full MathML
      
+     
      • 
+     
    • 
+      
      The grammar for elements common to Content and Presentation
      
+     
      • 
+     
    • 
+      
      The grammar for Presentation MathML
      
+     
      • 
+     
    • 
+      
      The grammar for Strict Content MathML
      
+     
      • 
+     
    • 
+      
      The grammar for Content Mathml4
      
+     
      • 
+    
    
+    
+    
    
+     
    Full MathML
    
+     
+     
    The RelaxNG schema for full MathML builds on the schema describing the various parts
+     of the language which are given in the following sections. It can be found at http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4.rnc.
    
+     
+     
    
+    
    
+    
+    
    
+     
    Elements Common to Presentation and Content MathML
    
+     
+     
    
+    
    
+    
+    
    
+     
    The Grammar for Presentation MathML
    
+     
+     
    
+     
+    
    
+    
+    
    
+     
    The Grammar for Strict Content Mathml4
    
+     
+     
+     
    The grammar for Strict Content Mathml4 can be found at http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4-strict-content.rnc.
    
+     
+     
    
     
    
-  
-	
+    
+    
    
+     
    The Grammar for Content MathML
    
+     
+     
    The grammar for Content Mathml4 builds on the grammar for the Strict Content MathML
+     subset, and can be found at http://www.w3.org/Math/RelaxNG/mathml4/mathml4-content.rnc.
    
+     
+     
    
+     
+    
    
+    
+    
    
+     
    MathML as a module in a RelaxNG Schema
    
+     
+     
    Normally, a MathML expression does not constitute an entire XML document. MathML is
+     designed to be used as the mathematics fragment of larger markup languages. In
+     particular it is designed to be used as a module in documents marked up
+     with the XHTML family of markup languages. As RelaxNG directly supports modular
+     development, this is usually very easy: an XHTML+MathML schema can be specified as
+     simply as
+     
+     
    
+      
    # A RelaxNG Schema for  XHTML+MathML
+      include "xhtml.rnc"
+      math = external "mathml4.rnc"
+      Inline.class |= math
+      Block.class |= math
    
+     
    
+     
+     assuming that we have access to a modular RelaxNG schema for XHTML that uses
+     Inline.class and Block.class to collect the the content models
+     for inline and block-level elements.
    
+     
+     
    Customizing the Mathml4 schema so that we can restrict the content of
+     annotation-xml elements is similarly simple, for example:
+     
+     
    
+      
    # A RelaxNG Schema for MathML with OpenMath3 annotations
+      omobj = external "openmath3.rnc" 
+      include "mathml4.rnc" {anotation-xml.model = omobj}
    
+     
    
+     
    
+     
+     
    
+      The Mathml4 schema is organized so that subsetting to one of the sublanguages specified
+      here is easy.
+      To include strict content Mathml4 in a schema just include
+      
+      
    
+       
    include "mathml4-common.rnc"
+       include "mathml4-strict-content.rnc"
    
+      
    
+      instead of include mathml4.rnc.
+     
    
+     
+     
    For details about RelaxNG grammars and modularization see [[RELAX-NG]] or [[RelaxNGBook]].
    
+     
+    
    
+   
    
+   
+   
    
+  
    
+
+  
    
+  
    
+  
    
+  
    
+  
    
+  
    
+ 
    
 
-  
+