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VojtechStep committed Mar 22, 2024
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{{#concept "shift" Disambiguation="sequential diagram" Agda=shift-sequential-diagram}}
of a [sequential diagram](synthetic-homotopy-theory.sequential-diagrams.md) is a
sequential diagram consisting of the types and maps shifted by one. It is also
denoted `A[1]`. This shifting can be iterated for any natural number `k`; then
the resulting sequential diagram is denoted `A[k]`.
denoted `A[1]`. This shifting can be iterated for any
[natural number](elementary-number-theory.natural-numbers.md) `k`; then the
resulting sequential diagram is denoted `A[k]`.

Similarly, a
{{#concept "shift" Disambiguation="morphism of sequential diagrams" Agda=shift-hom-sequential-diagram}}
Expand All @@ -45,33 +46,44 @@ of a
is a morphism from the shifted domain into the shifted codomain. In symbols,
given a morphism `f : A → B`, we have `f[k] : A[k] B[k]`.

We also define shifts of cocones and homotopies of cocones, which can
additionally be unshifted.
We also define shifts of
[cocones](synthetic-homotopy-theory.cocones-under-sequential-diagrams.md) and
[homotopies of cocones](synthetic-homotopy-theory.cocones-under-sequential-diagrams.md),
which can additionally be unshifted.

Importantly the type of cocones under a sequential diagram is equivalent to the
type of cocones under its shift, which implies that the sequential colimit of a
Importantly the type of cocones under a sequential diagram is
[equivalent](foundation-core.equivalences.md) to the type of cocones under its
shift, which implies that the
[sequential colimit](synthetic-homotopy-theory.sequential-colimits.md) of a
shifted sequential diagram is equivalent to the colimit of the original diagram.

## Definitions

_Implementation note_: the constructions are defined by first defining a shift
by one, and then recursively shifting by one according to the argument. An
alternative would be to shift all data using addition on the natural numbers.
alternative would be to shift all data using
[addition](elementary-number-theory.addition-natural-numbers.md) on the natural
numbers.

However, addition computes only on one side, so we have a choice to make: given
a shift `k`, do we define the `n`-th level of the shifted structure to be
`n+k`-th or `k+n`-th level of the original?
the `n+k`-th or `k+n`-th level of the original?

The former runs into issues already when defining the shifted sequence, since
`aₙ₊ₖ : Aₙ₊ₖ A₍ₙ₊₁₎`, but we need a map of type `Aₙ₊ₖ A₍ₙ₊ₖ₎₊₁`, which
forces us to introduce a transport.
`aₙ₊ₖ : Aₙ₊ₖ A₍ₙ₊₁₎₊ₖ`, but we need a map of type `Aₙ₊ₖ A₍ₙ₊ₖ₎₊₁`, which
forces us to introduce a
[transport](foundation-core.transport-along-identifications.md).

On the other hand, the latter requires transport when proving anything by
induction on `k` and doesn't satisfy the judgmental equality `A[0] ≐ A`, because
`A₍ₖ₊₁₎₊ₙ` is not `A₍ₖ₊ₙ₎₊₁` and `A₀₊ₙ` is not `Aₙ`, and it requires more
infrastructure for working with horizontal compositions in sequential colimit to
be formalized in terms of addition.

To contrast, defining the operations by induction does satisfy `A[0] ≐ A`, it
computes when proving properties by induction, which is the expected primary
use-case, and no further infrastructure is necessary.

### Shifts of sequential diagrams

Given a sequential diagram `A`
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