(feat) md-badge

[axtho]

Bug, feature request, or proposal:

Feature request

What is the expected behavior?

Add a badge to a container. This could be a raised badge (as in the codepen example below) or a simple one (see here, under "Badges for Buttons and Menu items").

Maybe there could be directives md-badge and md-raised-badge, or else classes with data attributes, as in the example below.

What is the current behavior?

Not possible

What are the steps to reproduce?

See example here.

What is the use-case or motivation for changing an existing behavior?

Raised badges

Which versions of Angular, Material, OS, browsers are affected?

as of Material2-beta1 not possible

Is there anything else we should know?

[phanf]

This appears to be closed.
#1374

[willshowell]

Actually underway in #7483

[axtho]

released in 6.0.0

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