[CT-1676] [Feature] Support constraints in Snowflake following the dbt Core implementation

[b-per]

Is this your first time submitting a feature request?

• I have read the expectations for open source contributors
• I have searched the existing issues, and I could not find an existing issue for this feature
• I am requesting a straightforward extension of existing dbt-snowflake functionality, rather than a Big Idea better suited to a discussion

Describe the feature

Allow the definition of column constraints and data types for Snowflake tables, in the CTAs statement.

Linked to the dbt-core issues dbt-labs/dbt-core#6079 and dbt-labs/dbt-core#6271

Describe alternatives you've considered

No response

Who will this benefit?

People wanting to leverage the dbt Core column constraints capability when using dbt with Snowflake

Are you interested in contributing this feature?

Yes

Anything else?

No response

[dbeatty10]

@b-per I heard on the grapevine that you are planning to open a PR for this one, so I assigned it to you. Forgive me if I heard wrong!