Increase deprecation check minimum to iOS 17

[jmagman]

Bump Xcode analyze minimum check version iOS 14 -> iOS 17.

• Hit integration_test deprecation warning: 'windows' is deprecated: first deprecated in iOS 15.0 - Use UIWindowScene.windows on a relevant window scene instead flutter#154365

See also #7431

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• I read the Contributor Guide and followed the process outlined there for submitting PRs.
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• I updated pubspec.yaml with an appropriate new version according to the pub versioning philosophy, or this PR is exempt from version changes.
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[jmagman]

Closing until flutter/flutter#154365 is fixed.