Improve logging and warnings

[gboeing]

This PR:

• improves log messaging and makes level explicit
• makes user warnings explicitly UserWarnings
• ensure imports used only for type hinting are guarded in if TYPE_CHECKING: block and ignore these blocks in test coverage report (relevant)

See also #1106

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 4 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (69df552) 97.95% compared to head (dcc6c47) 97.93%.

❗ Current head dcc6c47 differs from pull request most recent head de5e84e. Consider uploading reports for the commit de5e84e to get more accurate results

Files	Patch %	Lines
osmnx/simplification.py	81.81%	2 Missing ⚠️
osmnx/stats.py	60.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##               v2    #1125      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   97.95%   97.93%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files          25       25              
  Lines        2343     2423      +80     
==========================================
+ Hits         2295     2373      +78     
- Misses         48       50       +2     

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[gboeing]

The first pre-release OSMnx v2 beta has been released. Testers needed! See #1123 for details.