Unable to launch server in production by node build/index.js

[JinIgarashi]

We are trying to migrate sveltekit from 1.0.0-next.355 to the latest version - 1.0.0-next.504, and adapter-node from 1.0.0-next.78 to 1.0.0-next.95.

yarn run dev and yarn run build -> yarn run preview are successfully done, but when I launch server by nodejs through node build/index.js, it has the following errors.

ReferenceError: require is not defined in ES module scope, you can use import instead
This file is being treated as an ES module because it has a '.js' file extension and '/Users/j_igarashi/Documents/git/UNDP-Data/geohub/package.json' contains "type": "module". To treat it as a CommonJS script, rename it to use the '.cjs' file extension.
    at file:///Users/j_igarashi/Documents/git/UNDP-Data/geohub/build/server/chunks/variables-e4a6492e.js:126157:25
    at ModuleJob.run (node:internal/modules/esm/module_job:193:25)
    at async Promise.all (index 0)
    at async ESMLoader.import (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:527:24)
    at async Promise.all (index 1)
    at async render_page (file:///Users/j_igarashi/Documents/git/UNDP-Data/geohub/build/server/index.js:2297:19)
    at async resolve (file:///Users/j_igarashi/Documents/git/UNDP-Data/geohub/build/server/index.js:2787:22)
    at async respond (file:///Users/j_igarashi/Documents/git/UNDP-Data/geohub/build/server/index.js:2825:22)
    at async Array.ssr (file:///Users/j_igarashi/Documents/git/UNDP-Data/geohub/build/handler.js:19060:3)

I asked this issue in discord, I got few responses. Someone said there is similar issue when he migrated from esbuild to rollup, and adapter-node also migrated from esbuild since v93.

I tried to downgrade adapter-node to 1.0.0-next.92. Building failed, but it produced the following different error message. I think maybe pg-native which is used in node-postgres might have an issue of building.

> Using @sveltejs/adapter-node
✘ [ERROR] Could not resolve "pg-native"

    node_modules/pg/lib/native/client.js:4:21:
      4 │ var Native = require('pg-native')
        ╵                      ~~~~~~~~~~~

  You can mark the path "pg-native" as external to exclude it from the bundle, which will remove
  this error. You can also surround this "require" call with a try/catch block to handle this
  failure at run-time instead of bundle-time.

✘ [ERROR] No loader is configured for ".node" files: node_modules/canvas/build/Release/canvas.node

    node_modules/canvas/lib/bindings.js:3:25:
      3 │ const bindings = require('../build/Release/canvas.node')
        ╵                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

error during build:
Error: Build failed with 2 errors:
node_modules/canvas/lib/bindings.js:3:25: ERROR: No loader is configured for ".node" files: node_modules/canvas/build/Release/canvas.node
node_modules/pg/lib/native/client.js:4:21: ERROR: Could not resolve "pg-native"
    at failureErrorWithLog

I am not sure whether there is a problem on building our source code. I guess it might be an issue on adapter-node? or an issue on our configurations like svelte.config.js and vite.config.js?

Does anyone have similar experience or ideas to figure out this problem?